Efficacy and Safety of Evolocumab in Reducing Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Levels in Chinese Patients with Non-ST-segment Elevation Acute Coronary Syndrome

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaohan Xu ◽  
Meng Chai ◽  
Yujing Cheng ◽  
Pingan Peng ◽  
Xiaoli Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Statin Treatment ◽  
Chinese Patients ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Lipid Lowering Therapy ◽  
St Segment Elevation ◽  
Coronary Syndrome ◽  
St Segment

Aims: To explore early intensive lipid-lowering therapy in patients with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTE-ACS). Background: Lowering low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels can reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Due to many reasons, the need for early intensive lipid-lowering therapy is far from being met in Chinese NSTE-ACS patients at high-risk of recurrent ischaemic events. Objective: To evaluate the feasibility, safety and efficacy of starting evolocumab in hospital to lower LDL-C levels in Chinese patients with NSTE-ACS. Methods: In this prospective cohort study initiated by researchers, 334 consecutive patients with NSTE-ACS who had sub-standard LDL-C levels (LDL-C ≥2.3 mmol/L after regular oral statin treatment for at least 4 weeks; or LDL-C ≥3.2 mmol/L without regular oral statin treatment) were included. Patients who agreed to treatment with evolocumab (140 mg subcutaneously every 2 weeks, initiated in hospital and used for 12 weeks after discharge) were enrolled in the evolocumab group (n=96) and others in the control group (n=238). All enrolled patients received regular statin treatment (atorvastatin 20 mg/day or rosuvastatin 10 mg/day; doses unchanged throughout the study).The primary endpoint was the change in LDL-C levels from baseline to week 12. Results: Most patients (67.1%) had not received regular statin treatment before. In the evolocumab group, LDL-C levels decreased significantly at week 4 and remained stable at week 8 and 12 (all p<0.001). At week 12, the LDL-C percentage change from baseline in the evolocumab group was -79.2±12.7% (from an average of 3.7 to 0.7 mmol/L), while in the control group it was -37.4±15.4% (from an average of 3.3 to 2.0 mmol/L). The mean difference between these 2 groups was -41.8% (95% CI -45.0 to -38.5%; p<0.001). At week 12, the proportions of patients with LDL-C levels <1.8 mmol/L and 1.4 mmol/L in the evolocumab group were significantly higher than in the control group (96.8 vs 36.1%; 90.6 vs 7.1%; both p<0.001). The incidence of adverse events and cardiovascular events was similar in both groups. Conclusions: In this prospective cohort study we evaluated the early initiation of evolocumab in NSTE-ACS patients in China. Evolocumab combined with statins significantly lowered LDL-C levels and increased the probability of achieving recommended LDL-C levels, with satisfactory safety and well tolerance.

scholarly journals Evaluation of two highly effective lipid-lowering therapies in subjects with acute myocardial infarction

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aline Klassen ◽  
Andrea Tedesco Faccio ◽  
Carolina Raissa Costa Picossi ◽  
Priscilla Bento Matos Cruz Derogis ◽  
Carlos Eduardo dos Santos Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Residual Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
St Segment Elevation ◽  
Lipidomic Analysis ◽  
St Segment ◽  
Highly Effective

AbstractFor cardiovascular disease prevention, statins alone or combined with ezetimibe have been recommended to achieve low-density lipoprotein cholesterol targets, but their effects on other lipids are less reported. This study was designed to examine lipid changes in subjects with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) after two highly effective lipid-lowering therapies. Twenty patients with STEMI were randomized to be treated with rosuvastatin 20 mg QD or simvastatin 40 mg combined with ezetimibe 10 mg QD for 30 days. Fasting blood samples were collected on the first day (D1) and after 30 days (D30). Lipidomic analysis was performed using the Lipidyzer platform. Similar classic lipid profile was obtained in both groups of lipid-lowering therapies. However, differences with the lipidomic analysis were observed between D30 and D1 for most of the analyzed classes. Differences were noted with lipid-lowering therapies for lipids such as FA, LPC, PC, PE, CE, Cer, and SM, notably in patients treated with rosuvastatin. Correlation studies between classic lipid profiles and lipidomic results showed different information. These findings seem relevant, due to the involvement of these lipid classes in crucial mechanisms of atherosclerosis, and may account for residual cardiovascular risk.Randomized clinical trial: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02428374, registered on 28/09/2014.

ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grant William Reed ◽  
Christopher Paul Cannon
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Artery Bypass ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Lipid Lowering Therapy ◽  
St Segment Elevation ◽  
P2y12 Inhibitors ◽  
Coronary Syndrome ◽  
St Segment ◽  
Q Wave

Patients with acute coronary syndrome fall into two groups: those with unstable angina or non—ST segment elevation (formerly non—Q wave) myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) and those with acute ST segment elevation (formerly Q wave) myocardial infarction (STEMI). STEMI is the focus of this chapter. The epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, and complications of STEMI are elaborated. Reperfusion therapy (including time to reperfusion; diagnostic coronary angiography; primary, facilitated, rescue, and late percutaneous coronary intervention [PCI]; thrombolytic therapy and choice of thrombolytic agent; early invasive strategy; coronary artery bypass grafting; and therapeutic hypothermia), medical therapy (including aspirin, P2Y12 inhibitors, glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors, anticoagulants, nitrates, beta blockers, inhibition of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, oxygen, analgesia, lipid-lowering therapy, prophylactic antiarrhythmics, and magnesium), risk stratification, secondary prevention, and post-STEMI care are also covered. Tables delineate classifications of MI as defined by proximal cause of myocardial ischemia, Killip classification of acute MI and mortality rates, differential diagnosis of ST segment elevation, contraindications for administering thrombolytic agents, and major recommendations for antithrombotic therapy in patients with STEMI treated with primary PCI and thrombolysis. Algorithms indicate a diagnostic approach to acute coronary syndromes and corresponding pathology and reperfusion strategies. Electrocardiogram changes in STEMI and corresponding territory of myocardium are depicted. A variety of graphs are included. This review contains 11 highly rendered figures, 6 tables, and 151 references.

scholarly journals An innovative lipid-lowering approach to enhance attainment of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol goals

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 879-887
Author(s):  
Camille Buonvino ◽  
Romain Chopard ◽  
Benoît Guillon ◽  
Etienne Puymirat ◽  
Michel Farnier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Coronary Syndrome ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Lipid Lowering Therapy ◽  
Therapeutic Goals ◽  
Coronary Syndrome ◽  
Lowering Therapy ◽  
Pretreated Patients ◽  
European Society Of Cardiology

Aims To improve attainment of LDL-cholesterol (LDL-c) targets, an expert group proposed an algorithm for lipid-lowering therapy during hospitalization for acute coronary syndrome and during follow-up. We aimed to assess adherence to this algorithm, and evaluate its impact on LDL-c levels and on attainment of therapeutic LDL-c targets in a population of post-acute coronary syndrome patients. Methods and results Prospective, observational study including patients admitted for acute coronary syndrome between February 2017 and September 2018. Patients admitted without statins or ezetimibe were considered ‘naïve’. Baseline LDL-c was admission LDL-c in naïve patients, and for those taking lipid-lowering therapy at admission, baseline LDL-c was back-calculated. In line with the most recent guidelines, the target was a >50% reduction in naïve LDL-c and <55 mg/dL. In total, 270 patients were analysed, mean age 67 ± 12 years, 78% men, 26% diabetic. At admission, 175 (65%) were naïve, 95 (35%) had previous lipid-lowering therapy, of which 13 (5%) statin+ezetimibe. Average LDL-c at admission was 120 ± 47 mg/dL (136 ± 44 mg/dL in naïve, 91 ± 39 mg/dL in pretreated patients). Discharge prescription was in compliance with the algorithm in 204 (76%) patients. Average LDL-c at two months was 57 ± 28 mg/dL; it was <55 mg/dL in 135 (50%), and 178 (66%) achieved a >50% reduction. Overall, 125/270 (46%) achieved the LDL-c goal. The reduction in LDL-c observed at two months persisted at five months. Conclusion Prescription of high-intensity statins, associated with ezetimibe where applicable, achieves LDL-c levels <55 mg/dL in 50% of patients at two months, and attains therapeutic goals defined by the European Society of Cardiology in 46% of cases.

scholarly journals Escalation of liPid-lOwering therapy in patientS wiTh vascular disease receiving HIGH-intensity statins: the retrospective POST-HIGH study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaehyung Ha ◽  
Bom Lee ◽  
Jung Mi Park ◽  
Moonjong Kang ◽  
Jaewon Oh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Intensity ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Lipid Lowering Therapy ◽  
Lowering Therapy ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
Clinical Benefits

AbstractIn this retrospective study, we investigated whether lipid-lowering therapy (LLT) escalation has clinical benefits in patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels of 55–99 mg/dL (1.4–2.6 mmol/L), post high-intensity. Out of 6317 Korean patients screened in 2005–2018, 1159 individuals with ASCVD and LDL-C levels of 55–99 mg/dL after statin use equivalent to 40 mg atorvastatin were included. After 1:2 propensity score matching, 492 patients (164 with LLT escalation, 328 controls without LLT escalation) were finally analysed. Primary outcome variables were major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCE) and all-cause death. At median follow-up (1.93 years), the escalation group had a lower MACCE rate (1.72 vs. 3.38 events/100 person-years; hazard ratio [HR] 0.34, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.14–0.83; p = 0.018) than the control group. The incidence of all-cause death (0.86 vs. 1.02 events/100 person-years; HR 0.58, 95% CI 0.15–2.19; p = 0.42) and each MACCE component did not differ between groups. Kaplan–Meier curves exhibited lower risk of MACCE in the escalation group (HR 0.36, 95% CI 0.12–0.97; p = 0.040) but a difference not statistically significant in all-cause death (HR 0.30, 95% CI 0.04–2.48; p = 0.26). LLT escalation was associated with reduced cardiovascular risk, supporting more aggressive LLT in this population.

A consensus statement on lipid management after acute coronary syndrome

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 532-543 ◽  
Author(s):  
François Schiele ◽  
Michel Farnier ◽  
Michel Krempf ◽  
Eric Bruckert ◽  
Jean Ferrières ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Coronary Syndrome ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Lipid Lowering Therapy ◽  
Lipid Management ◽  
Coronary Syndrome ◽  
Dose Adaptation ◽  
Lowering Therapy ◽  
European Society Of Cardiology

In patients admitted for acute coronary syndrome (ACS), the guidelines of the European Society of Cardiology give a Class I, Level A recommendation for the prescription of high-intensity statins to be initiated as early as possible, regardless of the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) level. Although statins are widely prescribed after ACS, the intensity of therapy and the proportion of patients achieving target LDL-C values are often not in line with recommendations due to a lack of compliance with guidelines by the physicians, a lack of compliance with treatment or poor tolerance by patients, and poor dose adaptation. In this context, a group of French physicians came together to define strategies to facilitate and improve the management of lipid-lowering therapy after ACS. This paper outlines the scientific rationale for the use of statins at the acute phase of ACS, the utility of ezetimibe, the measurement of LDL-C during the course of ACS, the opportunities for detecting familial hypercholesterolaemia and the results of the consensus for the management of lipid-lowering therapy, illustrated in two decision-making algorithms.

Abstract WP143: Intensive Lipid-Lowering Therapy Ameliorating Asymptomatic Intracranial Atherosclerosis

Stroke ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiu-Hai Guo ◽  
Qi Yang ◽  
Yu-Jiao Yang ◽  
Ming Ren ◽  
Xun-Ming Ji
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Transcranial Doppler Sonography ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Statin Treatment ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Lipid Lowering Therapy ◽  
Lowering Therapy ◽  
Atherosclerotic Stenosis

Background: Intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis(ICAS) is an independent risk factor for ischemic stroke, especially in Asians and Africans. Studies showed that statins stabilized or ameliorated atherosclerotic coronary artery and symptomatic ICAS. Effect of intensive lipid-lowering therapy (ILLT) for asymptomatic ICAS (AICAS) has not been reported. Objective To explore whether ILLT can ameliorate the atherosclerosis of AICAS. Method: Single-center, prospective cohort study was performed in AICAS patients, who were evaluated with transcranial doppler sonography before and after statin therapy. With target level of low density lipoprotein (LDL-C ≤ 1.8mmol/l or LDL-C decreased over 50%), patients were divided into intensive statin treatment group (IST) and standard statin treatment group (SST). Results: (1) No statistical differences were detected in age, gender, BMI, history of HT, DM or CHD, ICAS degree between two groups. (2) 50 cases with 105 branches of AICAS in IST and 20 cases with 47 branches of AICAS in SST were followed up for 12 months. LDL-C level significantly decreased in IST (1.48 ± 0.23 vs 2.39 ± 0.65, P=0.000). In IST, 36 (36/105) AICAS regressed, 59 (59/105) was stable and 10 (10/105) progressed. In SST, 9 (9/47) ICAS regressed, 36 (36/47) ICAS was stable, and 2 (2/47) ICAS progressed. The ratio of regressed ICAS in IST was not statistically higher than that in SST (34.3% vs 19.1% P=0.059). (3) 23 cases with 48 branches of AICAS in IST and 10 cases with 22 branches of AICAS in SST were followed up for 24 months. In IST, 21 (21/48) AICAS regressed, 20 (20/48) was stable and 7 (7/48) ICAS progressed. In SST, 2 (2/22) ICAS regressed, 17(17/22) ICAS were stable and 3 (3/22) ICAS progressed. The ratio of regressed ICAS in IST was significantly higher than that in SST (43.8% vs 9.1% P=0.006). Conclusions: (1) Degree of atherosclerosis in AICAS is further reduced with ILLT; (2) LDL-C ≤1.8mmol/l or LDL-C decreased over 50% can be reached by moderate-intensity statin for Chinese.

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