Virtual screening attributes male biased COVID-19 mortality to predicted antiviral activity of female sex hormones

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Galal Yahya ◽  
Basem Mansour ◽  
Kristina Keuper ◽  
Moataz Shaldam ◽  
Ahmed El-Baz
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Screening ◽  
Sex Hormones ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Antiviral Effect ◽  
Sex Hormone ◽  
Female Sex ◽  
Female Sex Hormones ◽  
Disaggregated Data ◽  
Male Sex

Background: Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) is a newly emerged pandemic leading to a state of international alert with millions of infected individuals and thousands of deaths all over the world. Analysis of statistics and epidemiological data for the pandemic outcome pinpointed a puzzling influence of human sex on the heterogeneous outcome of COVID-19, where hospital admissions and mortality were higher among males than females. Two theories explained the observed male-biased COVID-19 mortality based on either dosage of immunoregulatory genes coded in X- chromosomes or on the abundance of the angiotensin-converting enzyme two (ACE2) receptors in males than females. Objective: In our study, we propose a third scenario through virtual screening of direct antiviral effects of sex hormones. Materials & Methods: Updated screening statistics from 47 countries displaying sex-disaggregated data on COVID-19 were employed and visualized in the form of heatmaps depicting sex difference effects on statistics of cases and deaths. Molecular docking and binding simulations of investigated sex steroids against COVID-19 specific proteins were investigated. Results: Analysis of COVID-19 sex-disaggregated data confirmed that male-biased mortality and computer-aided docking found unexpected female sex hormones biased binding against key targets implicated in the life cycle of COVID-19 compared to the male sex hormone testosterone. Other investigated steroids showed promising docking scores, while the male sex hormone exhibited the lowest affinity. Conclusion: Female sex hormones virtually exhibited direct COVID-19 effect. The proposed antiviral effect of sex hormones should be considered to explain the outcomes of mortality; moreover, the fluctuation of sex hormones influences sex and personal derived-differential response to COVID-19 infection.

scholarly journals THE PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSE OF PROSTATIC AND VESICULAR TRANSPLANTS IN THE ANTERIOR CHAMBER OF THE EYE

1937 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 281-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert A. Moore ◽  
Robert H. Melchionna ◽  
S. H. Tolins ◽  
H. B. Rosenblum
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Chamber ◽  
Sex Hormones ◽  
Sex Hormone ◽  
Moderate Increase ◽  
Alkaline Extract ◽  
Female Sex ◽  
Female Sex Hormones ◽  
Pregnancy Urine ◽  
Male Sex

1. With a photographic method for the determination of the size of prostatic and vesicular transplants in the anterior chamber of the eye, it has been possible to follow continuously the response to an injection of a hormone. 2. The results may be briefly summarized as follows: (a) One injection of the gonadotropic substance of pregnancy urine produces a moderate increase in size; (b) subsequent injections of this same substance for a period of at least 3 months are without effect; (c) an alkaline extract of the whole anterior pituitary gland produces a similar increase; (d) all pituitary derivatives are ineffective in the castrated animal; (e) castration brings about a decrease in size that gradually loses velocity; (f) the male sex hormone produces a slight increase in intact, and a variable, at times conspicuous, increase in castrated animals; (g) the female sex hormone provokes a conspicuous increase in both intact and castrated animals; (h) the hormone of the corpus luteum has no effect; and (i) there is no evidence of synergism of the pituitary and male sex hormones nor of antagonism of the male and female sex hormones in adult rabbits.

Abstract WP171: Female Sex Hormones and Post Acute Stroke Outcome

Stroke ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Ashley ◽  
Charan Singh ◽  
Grace S Griesbach
Keyword(s):  
Sex Hormones ◽  
Independent Living ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Sex Hormone ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Hormone Levels ◽  
Disability Rating Scale ◽  
Female Sex ◽  
Female Sex Hormones ◽  
Before And After

Introduction: The protective effects of estrogen are widely known following brain injury and waning female sex hormones such as estrogen and prolactin with age are associated with decline in cognitive performance. In this study, we focus on the relationship between female sex hormones and outcome following stroke, specifically how these hormones affect level of disability and responsiveness to rehabilitation following stroke. Methods: Sex hormone levels were evaluated in 54 female stroke survivors with a mean latency of 98.8 days (SEM ± 23.06). Age differences in hormone levels and disability were evaluated according to younger (Y; M=39.3, SEM ± 1.5) and older (O; M=58.4, SEM ± 1.2) age categories. Functional ability was assessed with the Disability Rating Scale (DRS), Independent Living Scale (ILS) and the Mayo-Portland Adaptability Inventory 4 (MPAI). All patients underwent post acute rehabilitation. Results: The Y group had higher levels of estradiol (p<0.05) and prolactin (p<0.05) compared to the O group. Correspondingly, follicle stimulating (FSH) and luteinizing hormones (LH) were higher in the O group (p<0.05). The Y group had lower disability according DRS, ILS activities of daily living (ADL) subscale and MPAII (p<0.05). High levels of prolactin were correlated with better performance in ADL’s (p<0.005). Estradiol correlated with lower disability as measured by MPAI (p<0.005). High values of FSH were associated with lower initiation as assessed by a subscale of the ILS. Analysis of changes in outcome measures before and after rehabilitation showed that both groups benefited equally. Conclusions: Hormones are predictive of levels of disability and independence in ADL’s. Sex hormone levels in post-stroke patients should be considered for prognostication. In spite of hormonal differences both groups benefit from rehabilitation.

scholarly journals Female sex hormones and the recovery from exercise: Menstrual cycle phase affects responses

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony C. Hackney ◽  
Ashley L. Kallman ◽  
Eser Ağgön
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Sex Hormones ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Sex Hormone ◽  
Cycle Phase ◽  
Menstrual Cycle Phase ◽  
Female Sex ◽  
Female Sex Hormones ◽  
Physiologic Responses ◽  
Endurance Activity

SummaryStudy aim: Evidence supports female sex hormones have an influencing effect on amultitude of physiological and psychological systems related to exercise. Little is known, however, whether is effect persist into the recovery from exercise. Our objective was to examine aspects of muscle damage/inflammation process during recovery in healthy, exercise-trained women following endurance activity at the mid-follicular (MF; low sex hormone level) and mid-luteal (ML; elevated sex hormone levels) phases of their menstrual cycle.Material and methods: The MF and ML exercise sessions consisted of running for 90 minutes at 70% VO2max on atreadmill in a controlled laboratory environment. Menstrual cycle phase was hormonally confirmed, diet and physical activity was control throughout the study. Outcome measures were: blood creatine kinase (CK) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) assessed at immediate-post exercise (IP), 24-hour and 72-hour into recovery. Statistics involved ANOVA procedures.Results: At 24-hours and 72-hour into recovery CK activity was greater in MF than ML (p < 0.05) while for IL-6 at IP, 24-hour and 72-hour responses were significantly greater at MF than at ML (p < 0.05).Conclusions: Amore robust recovery CK and IL-6 response occur in the MF of the menstrual cycle when female sex hormones are reduced. This finding suggests female sex hormone changes due to menstrual cycle phase affect the physiologic responses during the extended recovery period from intensive exercise in eumenorrheic women.

Female Sex Hormones and Epilepsy

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (01) ◽  
pp. 65-71
Author(s):  
Chakorn Chansakul
Keyword(s):  
Sex Hormones ◽  
Female Sex ◽  
Female Sex Hormones

scholarly journals The modulation of social behavior and empathy via oral contraceptives and female sex hormones

2021 ◽  
pp. 105250
Author(s):  
Julia Strojny ◽  
Gregor Domes ◽  
Urs Fischbacher ◽  
Bernadette von Dawans
Keyword(s):  
Social Behavior ◽  
Sex Hormones ◽  
Oral Contraceptives ◽  
Female Sex ◽  
Female Sex Hormones

scholarly journals Regulatory Role of Sex Hormones in Cardiovascular Calcification

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 4620
Author(s):  
Holly J. Woodward ◽  
Dongxing Zhu ◽  
Patrick W. F. Hadoke ◽  
Victoria E. MacRae
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Aortic Stenosis ◽  
Sex Hormones ◽  
Sex Hormone ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Male Sex ◽  
Primary Male

Sex differences in cardiovascular disease (CVD), including aortic stenosis, atherosclerosis and cardiovascular calcification, are well documented. High levels of testosterone, the primary male sex hormone, are associated with increased risk of cardiovascular calcification, whilst estrogen, the primary female sex hormone, is considered cardioprotective. Current understanding of sexual dimorphism in cardiovascular calcification is still very limited. This review assesses the evidence that the actions of sex hormones influence the development of cardiovascular calcification. We address the current question of whether sex hormones could play a role in the sexual dimorphism seen in cardiovascular calcification, by discussing potential mechanisms of actions of sex hormones and evidence in pre-clinical research. More advanced investigations and understanding of sex hormones in calcification could provide a better translational outcome for those suffering with cardiovascular calcification.

scholarly journals Female sex hormones protect against salt-sensitive hypertension but not essential hypertension

2014 ◽  
Vol 307 (2) ◽  
pp. R149-R157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krystal N. Brinson ◽  
Olga Rafikova ◽  
Jennifer C. Sullivan
Keyword(s):  
Protein Expression ◽  
Sex Hormones ◽  
Serine Residue ◽  
Relative Resistance ◽  
Salt Diet ◽  
Spontaneously Hypertensive ◽  
Female Sex ◽  
Female Sex Hormones ◽  
Oxide Synthase ◽  
Salt Sensitive Hypertension

Initial studies found that female Dahl salt-sensitive (DS) rats exhibit greater blood pressure (BP) salt sensitivity than female spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). On the basis of the central role played by NO in sodium excretion and BP control, we further tested the hypothesis that blunted increases in BP in female SHR will be accompanied by greater increases in renal inner medullary nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity and expression in response to a high-salt (HS) diet compared with DS rats. Gonad-intact and ovariectomized (OVX) female SHR and DS rats were placed on normal salt (NS; 0.4% salt) or HS (4% salt) diet for 2 wk. OVX did not alter BP in SHR, and HS diet produced a modest increase in BP. OVX significantly increased BP in DS rats on NS; HS further increased BP in all DS rats, although OVX had a greater increase in BP. Renal inner medullary NOS activity, total NOS3 protein, and NOS3 phosphorylated on serine residue 1177 were not altered by salt or OVX in either strain. NOS1 protein expression, however, significantly increased with HS only in SHR, and this corresponded to an increase in urinary nitrate/nitrite excretion. SHR also exhibit greater NOS1 and NOS3 protein expression than DS rats. These data indicate that female sex hormones offer protection against HS-mediated elevations in BP in DS rats but not SHR. We propose that the relative resistance to HS-mediated increases in BP in SHR is related to greater NOS expression and the ability to increase NOS1 protein expression compared with DS rats.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document