Reactions in Activated Peroxide Systems and their Influences on Bleaching Performance

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoyan Wang ◽  
Jinmei Du ◽  
Changhai Xu
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Textile Industry ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Side Reactions ◽  
Competitive Reactions ◽  
High Energy Efficiency ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Bleach Activators

Abstract:: Activated peroxide systems are formed by adding so-called bleach activators to aqueous solution of hydrogen peroxide, developed in the seventies of the last century for use in domestic laundry for their high energy efficiency and introduced at the beginning of the 21st century to the textile industry as an approach toward overcoming the extensive energy consumption in bleaching. In activated peroxide systems, bleach activators undergo perhydrolysis to generate more kinetically active peracids that enable bleaching under milder conditions while hydrolysis of bleach activators and decomposition of peracids may occur as side reactions to weaken the bleaching efficiency. This mini-review aims to summarize these competitive reactions in activated peroxide systems and their influence on bleaching performance.

Job-sharing cathode design for Li–O2batteries with high energy efficiency enabled by in situ ionic liquid bonding to cover carbon surface defects

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 241-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peili Lou ◽  
Chilin Li ◽  
Zhonghui Cui ◽  
Xiangxin Guo
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Surface Defects ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Carbon Surface ◽  
Side Reactions ◽  
Cathode Design ◽  
High Energy Efficiency ◽  
Job Sharing

In the job-sharing design of carbon-based cathode for Li–O2batteries, the IL layer is aimed to cover carbon surface defects and suppress side reactions, whereas Ru nanodots are responsible for modifying product microstructure and crystallinity. It enables a high energy efficiency characterized by a substantial charge plateau with extremely small overpotential.

Enzymatic colorimetry of lecithin and sphingomyelin in aqueous solution.

1983 ◽  
Vol 29 (8) ◽  
pp. 1513-1517 ◽  
Author(s):  
M W McGowan ◽  
J D Artiss ◽  
B Zak
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Amniotic Fluid ◽  
Enzymatic Reaction ◽  
Detergent Solution ◽  
Enzymatic Determination ◽  
Red Color ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Zwitterionic Detergent

Abstract A procedure for the enzymatic determination of lecithin and sphingomyelin in aqueous solution is described. The phospholipids are first dissolved in chloroform:methanol (2:1 by vol), the solvent is evaporated, and the residue is redissolved in an aqueous zwitterionic detergent solution. The enzymatic reaction sequences of both assays involve hydrolysis of the phospholipids to produce choline, which is then oxidized to betaine, thus generating hydrogen peroxide. The hydrogen peroxide is subsequently utilized in the enzymatic coupling of 4-aminoantipyrine and sodium 2-hydroxy-3,5-dichlorobenzenesulfonate, an intensely red color being formed. The presence of a non-reacting phospholipid enhances the hydrolysis of the reacting phospholipid. Thus we added lecithin to the sphingomyelin standards and sphingomyelin to the lecithin standards. This precise procedure may be applicable to determination of lecithin and sphingomyelin in amniotic fluid.

High Energy Efficiency and Stability for Photoassisted Aqueous Lithium–Iodine Redox Batteries

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 806-813 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgios Nikiforidis ◽  
Keisuke Tajima ◽  
Hye Ryung Byon
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Efficiency

Electrochemical lithium recovery with lithium iron phosphate: What causes performance degradation and how can we improve the stability?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Wang ◽  
Kathleen C Frisella ◽  
Pattarachai Srimuk ◽  
Oliver Janka ◽  
Guido Kickelbick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Manganese Oxide ◽  
Lithium Iron Phosphate ◽  
Iron Phosphate ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Performance Degradation ◽  
Electrochemical Processes ◽  
High Energy Efficiency ◽  
The Stability

Electrochemical processes enable fast lithium extraction, for example, from brines, with high energy efficiency and stability. Lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4) and manganese oxide (λ-MnO2) have usually been employed as the...

High Energy Efficiency of O- Emission from Microstructure Device on YSZ.

2000 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 914-917 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshifumi Torimoto ◽  
Kouji Shimada ◽  
Terumasa Nishioka ◽  
Masayoshi Sadakata
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Efficiency
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