Interleukin-10 in Oral Lichen Planus – Review and Meta-Analysis

Background: Interleukin 10 (IL-10) is a powerful anti-inflammatory cytokine capable of preventing inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Oral lichen planus (OLP) is an autoimmune, chronic, inflammatory disease with relapsing nature involving oral mucous membranes. It was prevsiouly assumed that like other autoimmune diseases, IL-10 may have a role in OLP pathogenesis, and many studies focused on that. But there are obvious controversies among IL-10 levels in OLP patients. Objective: In this review with Meta-Analysis, we attempt to assess IL-10 expression in OLP patients. Methods: The search was conducted via Pubmed, Ovid, and Google Scholar, to identify articles published up to Jun 2020. A meta-Analysis by Revman 5.3 was conducted based on serum levels of IL-10 in 313 OLPs and 203 controls. Results: With Meta-Analysis in 313 OLPs and 203 controls, the Mean difference between IL-10 in OLPs and controls was obtained as 0.26 (95% CI: -0.51-1.03), demonstrating no statistically significant difference. Conclusion: IL-10, in concert with its receptors, has a crucial role in the pathogenesis of various diseases, including inflammatory, infectious, and autoimmune diseases. Both over-expression, as well as IL-10 deficiency, have been described in oral lichen planus. With Meta-Analysis on serum IL-10 levels, it is speculated that no significant relationship exists between IL-10 and OLP pathogenesis. With respect to the importance of cytokines in the autoimmunity process, performing additional studies is of necessity to understand the association of other cytokines with OLP predisposition and its underlying pathological processes.

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Serum and Salivary IgA, IgG, and IgM Levels in Oral Lichen Planus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Case-Control Studies

10.20944/preprints201809.0477.v1 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Hamid Reza Mozaffari ◽

Elisa Zavattaro ◽

Abas Abdolahnejad ◽

Pia Lopez Jornet ◽

Neda Omidpanah ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lichen Planus ◽

Oral Lichen Planus ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Inflammatory Factors ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Case Control Studies ◽

Salivary Iga ◽

Oral Lichen

Background and Aim: Immunoglobulins (IgA, IgG, and IgM) are significant anti-inflammatory factors. The meta-analysis aimed to assess the serum and salivary levels of Igs as more important immunoglobulins in patients affected by oral lichen planus (OLP) compared to the healthy controls. Materials and Methods: Four databases, including PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library as well as Iranian databases were checked up to January 2018 without language restriction. The quality of each involved study was done using the NOS questionnaire. A random-effects model analysis was done by RevMan 5.3 software applying the mean difference (MD) plus 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The CMA 2.0 software was applied to calculate the publication bias among the studies. Results: Out of 70 studies found in the databases, eight studies were involved and analyzed in the meta-analysis. The meta-analysis included 282 OLP patients and 221 healthy controls. The pooled MDs of serum levels of  IgA, IgG, and IgM were -0.13 g/L [95%CI: -0.24, -0.02; P = 0.02], 1.01 g/L [95%CI: -0.91, 2.93; P = 0.30], and -0.06 g/L [95%CI: -0.25, 0.14; P = 0.56], respectively; whereas, the salivary IgA and IgG levels were 71.54 mg/L [95%CI: 12.01, 131.07; P = 0.02] and 0.59 mg/L [95%CI: -0.20, 1.38; P = 0.14], respectively. Conclusions: Considering the few studies performed on saliva, the results suggested that the salivary levels, especially IgA level had a higher diagnostic value than the serum levels. Therefore, the salivary immunoglobulins can play a significant function in the OLP pathogenesis.

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Serum and Salivary IgA, IgG, and IgM Levels in Oral Lichen Planus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Case-Control Studies

Medicina ◽

10.3390/medicina54060099 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 54 (6) ◽

pp. 99 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Hamid Mozaffari ◽

Elisa Zavattaro ◽

Abas Abdolahnejad ◽

Pia Lopez-Jornet ◽

Neda Omidpanah ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lichen Planus ◽

Oral Lichen Planus ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Inflammatory Factors ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Case Control Studies ◽

Salivary Iga ◽

Oral Lichen

Immunoglobulins (IgA, IgG, and IgM) are significant anti-inflammatory factors. The meta-analysis aimed to assess the serum and salivary levels of Igs as more important immunoglobulins in patients affected by oral lichen planus (OLP) compared to the healthy controls. Four databases, including PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library as well as Iranian databases were checked up to January 2018 without language restriction. The quality of each involved study was done using the Newcastle–Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale (NOS) questionnaire. A random-effects model analysis was done by RevMan 5.3 software applying the mean difference (MD) plus 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The CMA 2.0 software was applied to calculate the publication bias among the studies. Out of 70 studies found in the databases, 8 studies were involved and analyzed in the meta-analysis. The meta-analysis included 282 OLP patients and 221 healthy controls. The pooled MDs of serum levels of IgA, IgG, and IgM were −0.13 g/L [95% CI: −0.24, −0.02; P = 0.02], 1.01 g/L [95% CI: −0.91, 2.93; P = 0.30], and −0.06 g/L [95% CI: −0.25, 0.14; P = 0.56], respectively; whereas, the salivary IgA and IgG levels were 71.54 mg/L [95% CI: 12.01, 131.07; P = 0.02] and 0.59 mg/L [95% CI: −0.20, 1.38; P = 0.14], respectively. Considering the few studies performed on saliva, the results suggested that the salivary levels, especially IgA level had higher values than the serum levels. Therefore, the salivary immunoglobulins can play a significant function in the OLP pathogenesis.

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Serum Vitamin Profile in Oral Lichen Planus Patients in Southwest of Iran

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2021/8627435 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Fahimeh Rezazadeh ◽

Sara Haghighat

Keyword(s):

Immune System ◽

Lichen Planus ◽

Oral Lichen Planus ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Control Group ◽

Related Disorder ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Difference ◽

Southwest Of Iran ◽

Oral Lichen

Introduction. Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic mucocutaneous disease. It is mainly an immune system-related disorder. Vitamins can modulate immune system functions, and thus, vitamin deficiency might have roles in exacerbating OLP. We aim to determine the serum levels of vitamins A, B12, C, D3, and E in OLP patients. Methods and Materials. 34 OLP patients referred to Shiraz Dental School entered the study. Blood samples were collected and levels of A, B12, C, D3, and E vitamins were measured in serum. 43 healthy people were also included as the control group. Serum levels of vitamins were measured by HPLC (A, B12, D3, and E) and Kiazist analyzing kit (vitamin C). Results. Most of the patients were female (62.3%), and the mean age of patients was 48.03 ± 11.57 . Serum levels of vitamins A, C, and E were lower in OLP patients in comparison with the healthy group; however, the difference was not significant. Vitamins B12 and D3 were higher in the OLP group but the difference was not significant. Conclusion. Serum levels of vitamins A, B12, C, D3, and E do not have a significant difference in OLP patients and healthy groups. These vitamins may not have a considerable role in OLP pathogenesis in the southwest of Iran.

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Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Markers in Oral Lichen Planus

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity ◽

10.1155/2021/9914652 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-16

Author(s):

Jia Wang ◽

Jingjing Yang ◽

Chen Wang ◽

Zhibai Zhao ◽

Yuan Fan

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Lichen Planus ◽

Oral Lichen Planus ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Chronic Inflammatory Disease ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Unknown Etiology ◽

Antioxidant Systems ◽

Antioxidant Markers ◽

Oral Lichen

Background. Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a relatively common chronic inflammatory disease of unknown etiology, which might be caused by oxidative stress and impaired antioxidant defense. Objective. To systematically investigate the markers of oxidative stress and antioxidant systems in the saliva and blood from OLP patients and healthy controls. Methods. The PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Embase were systematically queried to collect data from studies in which oxidative stress/antioxidant markers from OLP and healthy subjects had been evaluated until March 10, 2021. Results. A total of 28 studies fulfilled inclusion criteria, and 25 of them, having 849 OLP patients and 1,052 control subjects and analyzing 12 oxidative stress and antioxidant state marker levels, were subjected to meta-analysis. We found a significant decrease in total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and uric acid (UA) and a significant increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) levels in the saliva and serum/plasma of OLP patients. Moreover, a significant elevation of 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and advanced oxidation protein product (AOOP) level and a decrease in vitamin C were also observed in the saliva of the OLP group. In contrast, salivary vitamin A, zinc, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), vitamin E, and nitrite were not significantly different between the two groups. In single studies, markers of oxidative stresses such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and 8-isoprostanelevels were elevated in OLP, and antioxidant parameters such as glutathione (GSH) and total protein (TP) levels were dysregulated. Conclusion. This meta-analysis helps to clarify the profile of oxidative stress and antioxidant state markers in OLP patients although existing evidence is rather heterogeneous and many studies are affected by several limitations. Larger and more standardized studies are warranted to ascertain whether these markers are potential causes or effects of OLP and whether antioxidant therapy improving oxidative stress will be useful.

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Evaluation of the Salivary Level of Cortisol in Patients with Oral Lichen Planus: A Meta-Analysis

Medicina ◽

10.3390/medicina55050213 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 55 (5) ◽

pp. 213 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Pia Lopez-Jornet ◽

Elisa Zavattaro ◽

Hamid Reza Mozaffari ◽

Mazaher Ramezani ◽

Masoud Sadeghi

Keyword(s):

Lichen Planus ◽

Salivary Cortisol ◽

Oral Lichen Planus ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Salivary Level ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Cortisol Levels ◽

Oral Lichen

Background and objective: Cortisol, as the main human glucocorticoid, is considered to be a biological marker of stress and anxiety. Since it is known that oral lichen planus (OLP) can appear and worsen during stressful events, cortisol levels have been previously studied in OLP patients. The present meta-analysis aims to assess the salivary concentration of cortisol in OLP patients compared to healthy controls. Materials and methods: Web of Science, PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Scopus databases were searched up to October 2018. The RevMan 5.3 software was used with the mean difference (MD) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The CMA 2.0 Software was used to evaluate the publication bias, sensitivity analysis, and meta-regression as possible sources of heterogeneity. Results: 10 studies were analyzed and a total of 269 OLP patients and 268 controls were included. The pooled MD of the salivary levels of cortisol in OLP patients compared with controls was 4.27 ng/mL (95% CI: 2.33, 6.21; P < 0.0001), thus, the salivary level of cortisol in OLP patients was significantly higher than in controls. In Indian-based population studies, a significant difference in the salivary cortisol levels in OLP patients compared with controls was detected (MD = 5.62 ng/mL; 95% CI: 2.67, 8.56; P = 0.0002). In addition, a significant difference in the salivary cortisol levels in the OLP patients compared with the controls was obtained in studies performed with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method (MD = 5.33 ng/mL; 95% CI: 2.72, 7.93; P < 0.0001). Conclusion: We suggest that supportive psychological treatment together with the conventional therapy could increase patients’ capability to prevent stress, anxiety, and depression.

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Elevated Serum Interleukin-23 Levels in Patients with Oral and Cutaneous Lichen Planus

Mediators of Inflammation ◽

10.1155/2021/5578568 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

Maryam Mardani ◽

Hossein Mofidi ◽

Ladan Dastgheib ◽

Sara Ranjbar ◽

Nasrin Hamidizadeh

Keyword(s):

Lichen Planus ◽

Crucial Role ◽

Oral Lichen Planus ◽

Elevated Serum ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Chronic Inflammatory Disease ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Cytokine Network ◽

Interleukin 23 ◽

Oral Lichen

Lichen planus is considered a chronic inflammatory disease which affects different sites, such as the skin, mucous membranes, hair, and nails. Based on the evidence, a complex cytokine network plays a crucial role in lichen planus pathogenesis. The study was aimed at assessing the serum IL-23 levels in the patients with cutaneous and oral lichen planus compared to healthy controls. Method. The study included 30 cutaneous lichen planus patients, 20 oral lichen planus patients, and 33 control subjects. Five milliliters of peripheral blood was obtained from each patient, and the serum was separated. IL-23 levels were determined using the ELISA kit, and the data were analyzed using the Mann–Whitney test. Results. IL-23 levels in the patient serum with oral lichen planus ( P value ≤ 0.001) were significantly higher than in controls. Furthermore, there were significant differences in IL-23 serum levels in the patients with cutaneous lichen planus compared to the healthy controls ( P value ≤ 0.001). Moreover, IL-23 serum levels were statistically different between patients with cutaneous lichen planus and patients with oral lichen planus ( P value ≤ 0.001). Based on the mean concentration of interleukin-23, IL-23 levels were higher in the patients with oral lichen planus than in the patients with cutaneous lichen planus. Conclusions. Elevated serum IL-23 levels in the patients with oral lichen planus may indicate that IL-23 plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of oral lichen planus. However, more research is needed with a larger sample size.

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