Polypyrrole-coated Membrane Filter: A Novel Binder-free Three- Dimensional Porous Electrode for Supercapacitors

AbstractIn 1989, Asahi Kasei commercialized a porous hollow fiber membrane filter (Planova™) made of cuprammonium regenerated cellulose, making it possible for the first time in the world to “remove viruses from protein solutions by membrane filtration”. Planova has demonstrated its usefulness in separating proteins and viruses. Filters that remove viruses from protein solutions, i.e., virus removal filters (VFs), have become one of the critical modern technologies to assure viral safety of biological products. It has also become an indispensable technology for the future. The performance characteristics of VFs can be summarized in two points: 1) the virus removal performance increases as the virus diameter increases, and 2) the recovery rate of proteins with molecular weights greater than 10,000 exceeds the practical level. This paper outlines the emergence of VF and its essential roles in the purification process of biological products, requirements for VF, phase separation studies for cuprammonium cellulose solution, comparison between Planova and other regenerated cellulose flat membranes made from other cellulose solutions, and the development of Planova. The superior properties of Planova can be attributed to its highly interconnected three-dimensional network structure. Furthermore, future trends in the VF field, the subject of this review, are discussed.

Download Full-text

Highly conductive three-dimensional MnO2–carbon nanotube–graphene–Ni hybrid foam as a binder-free supercapacitor electrode

Nanoscale ◽

10.1039/c3nr04495e ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 1079-1085 ◽

Cited By ~ 246

Author(s):

Guoyin Zhu ◽

Zhi He ◽

Jun Chen ◽

Jin Zhao ◽

Xiaomiao Feng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Carbon Nanotube ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Supercapacitor Electrode ◽

Binder Free ◽

Hybrid Foam

Download Full-text

Gas Flow and Heat Transfer Analysis for an Anode Duct in Reduced Temperature SOFCs

1st International Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology Conference ◽

10.1115/fuelcell2003-1721 ◽

2003 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jinliang Yuan ◽

Masoud Rokni ◽

Bengt Sunde´n

Keyword(s):

Heat Transfer ◽

Fuel Cell ◽

Porous Layer ◽

Gas Flow ◽

Porous Electrode ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Gas Permeation ◽

Heat Transfer Analysis ◽

Fuel Cell Performance ◽

Flow And Heat Transfer

In this study, a fully three-dimensional calculation method has been further developed to simulate and analyze various processes in a thick anode duct. The composite duct consists of a porous layer, the flow duct and solid current connector. The analysis takes the electrochemical reactions into account. Momentum and heat transport together with gas species equations have been solved by coupled source terms and variable thermo-physical properties (such as density, viscosity, specific heat, etc.) of the fuel gases mixture. The unique fuel cell conditions such as the combined thermal boundary conditions on solid walls, mass transfer (generation and consumption) associated with the electrochemical reaction and gas permeation to / from the porous electrode are applied in the analysis. Results from this study are presented for various governing parameters in order to identify the important factors on the fuel cell performance. It is found that gas species convection has a significant contribution to the gas species transport from / to the active reaction site; consequently characteristics of both gas flow and heat transfer vary widely due to big permeation to the porous layer in the entrance region and species mass concentration related diffusion after a certain distance downstream the inlet.

Download Full-text