The Atherogenic Dyslipidemia of Metabolic Syndrome- Are there New Effective Therapeutic Options Beyond Statins?

2007 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 177-195
Author(s):  
Giovanni Anfossi ◽  
Mariella Trovati
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Therapeutic Options ◽  
Atherogenic Dyslipidemia

scholarly journals Comparison of high-fat and high-carbohydrate diets for obtaining an experimental model of metabolic syndrome

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-14
Author(s):  
T. S. Petryn ◽  
◽  
M. R. Nagalievska ◽  
N. O. Sybirna ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Pathological Condition ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Atherogenic Dyslipidemia ◽  
Chow Diet ◽  
High Fat ◽  
High Carbohydrate

Introduction. Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of metabolic abnormalities that includes hypertension, central obesity, insulin resistance and atherogenic dyslipidemia. Given the wide geographical distribution and growing number of people suffering from this disease, there is an urgent need in developing animal models that would accurately reproduce the development of all symptoms of human metabolic syndrome (insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, obesity and hypertension). The most cost-effective method related to the real causes of metabolic syndrome is the use of different types of diets. Materials and Methods. The study was performed on white outbred male rats about 6 months old and weighing 300–400 g. The metabolic syndrome was induced by high-fat and high-carbohydrate diets. The lipid-enriched diet involved the consumption of regular chow diet for laboratory animals with additional fat content (40 % by weight of chow). The source of additional lipids was olive oil, which is rich in monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs). Animals on the diet enriched in carbohydrates together with regular chow diet for laboratory animals consumed 10 % fructose solution instead of drinking water. Glucose tolerance tests were conducted and areas under the glycemic curves were calculated. We determined the content of glycated hemoglobin and glucose concent­ration, the concentration of low-density lipoproteins (LDL), high-density lipoproteins (HDL), triglycerides and cholesterol in the blood plasma of rats. Results. The development of metabolic syndrome induced by an excessive consumption of carbohydrates and lipids for 42 days was accompanied by impaired glucose tolerance, increased glycosylated hemoglobin, triglycerides and cholesterol concentrations, as well as a decreased HDL content. An increase in the concentrations of LDL and activity of paraoxonase were found due to the induction of the pathological condition by an excessive fat intake, while a high carbohydrate diet caused a decrease in paraoxonase activity. Conclusions. The use of fructose for 42 days causes the most pronounced manifestations of the studied pathology. The use of this model will allow determining the biochemical and molecular changes that accompany the development of this pathological condition. It will also facilitate the development and evaluation of the effectiveness of new therapeutic approaches to the treatment of metabolic syndrome.

scholarly journals Study of Platelet Indices in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome

2019 ◽  
Vol 05 (01) ◽  
pp. 010-014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uma Maheswara Reddy ◽  
Aditya Khandekar ◽  
Sourya Acharya ◽  
Samarth Shukla ◽  
Neema Acharya
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Serum Triglyceride ◽  
Atherogenic Dyslipidemia ◽  
Distribution Width ◽  
Platelet Indices

Abstract Introduction Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a combination of abdominal obesity, atherogenic dyslipidemia, elevated blood pressure, and elevated plasma glucose. MetS patients have higher chances of developing insulin resistance, visceral adiposity, atherogenic dyslipidemia, and thus coronary artery disease and stroke. Alteration of platelet indices in diabetes mellitus, atherosclerosis, and other proinflammatory states has been described in multiple studies. Thus, this study was carried out to assess platelet indices in MetS. Objectives This study was carried out to assess platelet indices in MetS. Methods A cross-sectional study was carried out at Acharya Vinoba Bhave Rural Hospital, a tertiary care center over a period of 2 months from June 1, 2018 to July 31, 2018. Fifty patients diagnosed as having MetS, and 50 healthy controls were chosen. Estimation of anthropometric parameters including waist circumference; measurement of blood pressure; biochemical parameters including lipid profile; and platelet indices including plateletcrit, mean platelet volume (MPV), and platelet distribution width (PDW) were carried out. Statistical Analysis Statistical analyses were carried out using inferential statistics, including chi-square test and Student's unpaired t-test, and software SPSS version 22.0 (IBM Corporation, Armonk, New York, United States) with GraphPad Prism version 6.0 (Informer Technologies, Inc. Los Angeles, California, United States) was used, with p < 0.05 being considered as significant. Results A statistically significant, positive correlation was found between the waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, serum triglyceride levels, and plateletcrit, with the MetS status of patients (p < 0.05). Conclusion This study revealed that MetS is a proinflammatory and prothrombotic state, characterized by alteration of platelet indices. Plateletcrit was shown to be a statistically significant biomarker along with other parameters such as waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, and serum triglyceride levels. Early detection and follow-up of patients using these markers can lead to an overall decline in morbidity and mortality owing to MetS.

Exercise Training Adaptations in Metabolic Syndrome Individuals on Chronic Statin Treatment

2019 ◽  
Vol 105 (4) ◽  
pp. e1695-e1704 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix Morales-Palomo ◽  
Miguel Ramirez-Jimenez ◽  
Juan F Ortega ◽  
Alfonso Moreno-Cabañas ◽  
Ricardo Mora-Rodriguez
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Fat Oxidation ◽  
Time Effect ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Atherogenic Dyslipidemia ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Training Adaptations ◽  
Statin Group ◽  
Statin Use

Abstract Background Statins reduce atherogenic dyslipidemia and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in metabolic syndrome (MetS) individuals. Exercise training could also contribute to reduce CVD by improving cardiorespiratory fitness and fat oxidation. However, statin use could interfere with training adaptations. Methods A total of 106 MetS individuals were divided into statin users (statin group, n = 46) and statin-naïve (control group, n = 60). Groups were matched by age, weight, and MetS components. Subjects completed 16 weeks of high intensity interval training (HIIT). Before and after HIIT, muscle biopsies were collected to assess mitochondrial content (citrate synthase [CS] activity) and the activity of the rate limiting β-oxidation enzyme (3-hydroxyacyl-CoA-dehydrogenase [HAD]). Fasting plasma glucose, insulin, TG, HDL-c, and LDL-c concentrations were measured. Exercise maximal fat oxidation (FOMAX) and oxygen uptake (VO2PEAK) were determined. Results Training improved MetS similarly in both groups (MetS z-score -0.26 ± 0.38 vs. -0.22 ± 0.31; P &lt; 0.001 for time and P = 0.60 for time x group). Before training, the statin group had reduced muscle HAD activity and whole body FOMAX compared to the control group. However, 16 weeks of HIIT increased HAD and FOMAX in both groups (P &lt; 0.03, time-effect). The statin group did not prevent the increases in CS with HIIT observed in the control group (38% vs 64%, respectively; P &lt; 0.001, time-effect). Conversely, with training VO2PEAK improved less in the statin than in the control group (12% vs. 19%, respectively; P = 0.013, time × group effect). Conclusion Chronic statin use in MetS does not interfere with exercise training improvements in MetS components, FOMAX, or mitochondrial muscle enzymes (ie, CS and HAD). However, the statin group attenuated the improvements in VO2PEAK with training. Clinical Trial Information ClinicalTrials.gov identifier no. NCT03019796, January 13, 2017.

Biology of metabolic syndrome in a vascular patient

Vascular ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 156-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daynene Vykoukal ◽  
Mark G Davies
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Adverse Impact ◽  
Atherogenic Dyslipidemia ◽  
Elevated Blood ◽  
Vascular Beds ◽  
Vascular Patient

Metabolic syndrome is highly prevalent in vascular patients and has a significant impact on the outcomes of vascular interventions. It comprises of a set of metabolically driven risk factors, including truncal obesity, dyslipidemia, elevated blood pressure and elevated fasting blood glucose. Increased insulin resistance within the context of obesity and hypertension contributes to atherogenic dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, and prothrombotic and proinflammatory states which lead to the adverse impact of metabolic syndrome on the response to injury and on atherosclerotic disease progression. This review focuses on the complex biology of metabolic syndrome and its relevance to management of vascular patients, including outcomes and implications for the coronary, cerebrovascular and lower-extremity vascular beds.

Functional foods as potential therapeutic options for metabolic syndrome

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. 914-941 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Brown ◽  
H. Poudyal ◽  
S. K. Panchal
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Functional Foods ◽  
Therapeutic Options

scholarly journals Demographic and Biochemical Parameters of Community Survey Participants with Metabolic Syndrome from Terai Region of Nepal

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Birendra Kumar Jha ◽  
Mingma Lhamu Sherpa ◽  
Binod Kumar Dahal ◽  
Jitendra Kumar Singh ◽  
Chamma Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Central Obesity ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Atherogenic Dyslipidemia ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Mean

Introduction: The Metabolic Syndrome (MS) is a multifactorial disease associated with central obesity, hypertension, atherogenic dyslipidemia and impaired glucose tolerance. Low grade inflammatory and a prothrombotic state are also involved in MS. Aim: To explore the demographic and biochemical parameters of participants with MS in Terai region of Nepal using community based cross-sectional study. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out during September 2019-December 2019 in adult participants with central obesity (n=378) selected from three districts of Terai region of Nepal. International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria were used to define MS. The C-reactive protein-ultra sensitive, fibrinogen, and apolipoprotein-B were estimated as inflammatory, prothrombotic, and atherogenic dyslipidemia markers, respectively. Results: The MS was present in 283 participants with central obesity. The mean (±SD) age, height, weight, and BMI of the participants with MS were 46.36±12.52 years, 5.56±0.11 feet, 66.54±13.45 kg and 27.28±4.98 kg/m2, respectively. The mean (±SD) of biochemical factors were significantly different than their respective normal ranges: decreased serum High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol in mg/dL (male: 34.50±9.93, p<0.001, female: 36.77±7.28, p<0.001), raised serum triglycerides level- 184.96±85.72 mg/dL (p<0.001), and impaired fasting serum glucose level 108.14±48.27 mg/dL (p=0.002). Significant increase in inflammatory (CRP-US: 1.12±2.17 mg/L, p<0.001), prothrombotic (fibrinogen: 3.42±1.04 gm/L, p<0.001) and atherogenic dyslipidemia marker (Apo-B: 149.35±59.13 mg/dL, p=0.003) from normal values were observed in subjects with MS. Conclusion: Lowered serum HDL cholesterol, increased triglycerides followed with impaired fasting glucose tolerance were observed as the major abnormal biochemical parameters and increased inflammatory and prothrombotic activities were present among participants with MS.

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