scholarly journals Future Perspective of Diabetic Animal Models

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-38
Author(s):  
Shashank Pandey ◽  
Magdalena C. Dvorakova
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Diabetic Animal ◽  
Future Perspective ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Drug Candidates ◽  
Zdf Rat ◽  
Nonobese Diabetic ◽  
Diabetic Model ◽  
Biobreeding Rat ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors

Objective: The need of today’s research is to develop successful and reliable diabetic animal models for understanding the disease susceptibility and pathogenesis. Enormous success of animal models had already been acclaimed for identifying key genetic and environmental factors like Idd loci and effects of microorganisms including the gut microbiota. Furthermore, animal models had also helped in identifying many therapeutic targets and strategies for immune-intervention. In spite of a quite success, we have acknowledged that many of the discovered immunotherapies are working on animals and did not have a significant impact on human. Number of animal models were developed in the past to accelerate drug discovery pipeline. However, due to poor initial screening and assessment on inequivalent animal models, the percentage of drug candidates who succeeded during clinical trials was very low. Therefore, it is essential to bridge this gap between pre-clinical research and clinical trial by validating the existing animal models for consistency. Results and Conclusion: In this review, we have discussed and evaluated the significance of animal models on behalf of published data on PUBMED. Amongst the most popular diabetic animal models, we have selected six animal models (e.g. BioBreeding rat, “LEW IDDM rat”, “Nonobese Diabetic (NOD) mouse”, “STZ RAT”, “LEPR Mouse” and “Zucker Diabetic Fatty (ZDF) rat” and ranked them as per their published literature on PUBMED. Moreover, the vision and brief imagination for developing an advanced and robust diabetic model of 21st century was discussed with the theme of one miceone human concept including organs-on-chips.

scholarly journals A standardised framework to identify optimal animal models for efficacy assessment in drug development

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guilherme S. Ferreira ◽  
Désirée Veening-Griffioen ◽  
Wouter Boon ◽  
Ellen Moors ◽  
Christine Gispen-de Wied ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Drug Development ◽  
Internal Validity ◽  
Diabetes Type 2 ◽  
Human Condition ◽  
Mdx Mouse ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Drug Candidates ◽  
Zdf Rat ◽  
Key Aspects

AbstractIntroductionPoor translation of efficacy data derived from animal models is a potential contributor to costly and unnecessary attrition in clinical trials.ObjectivesTo develop a tool to assess, validate and compare the clinical translatability of animal models used for the preliminary assessment of efficacy.Design and ResultsWe conducted an exploratory literature search to identify the key aspects to validate animal models. Eight aspects (Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, Genetic, Biochemistry, Aetiology, Histology, Pharmacology and Endpoints) were identified for which questions were drafted to evaluate the different faces of the human disease simulation. Features of the framework include standardised instructions, a weighting and scoring system to compare models as well as contextualising factors regarding model similarity and evidence uncertainty. We included a quality assessment of the internal validity of drug intervention studies included in the Pharmacological validation section for both effective and ineffective drugs in humans. A web-based survey was conducted with experts from different stakeholders to gather input on the framework. Finally, we present a case study of a preliminary validation and comparison of two animal models for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (mdx mouse and GRMD dog) and Diabetes Type 2 (ZDF rat and db/db mouse). We show that there are significant differences between the mdx mouse and the GRMD dog, the latter mimicking the human condition to a greater extent than the mouse despite the considerable lack of published data. In DT2, both the ZDF rat and the db/db mouse are comparable with minor differences in pathophysiology.ConclusionsFIMD facilitates drug development by serving as the basis to select the most relevant model that can provide meaningful and translatable results to progress drug candidates to the clinic.

Reductionist thinking and animal models in neuropsychiatric research

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole M. Baran
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Disorders ◽  
Model Organisms ◽  
Developmental Genetic ◽  
Term Study ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽  
Mechanisms Of Plasticity

AbstractReductionist thinking in neuroscience is manifest in the widespread use of animal models of neuropsychiatric disorders. Broader investigations of diverse behaviors in non-model organisms and longer-term study of the mechanisms of plasticity will yield fundamental insights into the neurobiological, developmental, genetic, and environmental factors contributing to the “massively multifactorial system networks” which go awry in mental disorders.

scholarly journals n‐3 PUFA Supplementation Alters Retinal Very‐Long‐Chain‐PUFA Levels and Ratios in Diabetic Animal Models

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (15) ◽  
pp. 1801058 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aruna Gorusupudi ◽  
Fu‐Yen Chang ◽  
Kelly Nelson ◽  
Gregory S. Hageman ◽  
Paul S. Bernstein
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Diabetic Animal ◽  
Pufa Supplementation ◽  
Chain Pufa ◽  
Long Chain

Beneficial effects of pyridoxamine in endothelial dysfunction of type 2 diabetic animal models

2021 ◽  
Vol 331 ◽  
pp. e100
Author(s):  
C. Sena ◽  
D. Carvalho ◽  
A. Pereira ◽  
M. Queiroz ◽  
R. Seiça
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Diabetic Animal ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

scholarly journals Studies on the effect of diabetes on intestinal transport in genetically diabetic animal models

1978 ◽  
Vol 74 (5) ◽  
pp. 1082 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Ramaswamy ◽  
M.A Peterson ◽  
G.C. Gerritsen
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Intestinal Transport ◽  
Diabetic Animal

Sympathetic to parasympathetic nerve density ratio change in adipocytes in diabetic animal models

2016 ◽  
Vol 120 ◽  
pp. S182-S183
Author(s):  
NaYoung Lee ◽  
Hyun Ah Ko ◽  
Yu Ji Kim ◽  
Kyung Ae Lee ◽  
Heung Yong Jin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Density Ratio ◽  
Diabetic Animal ◽  
Parasympathetic Nerve ◽  
Ratio Change

scholarly journals Impetigo Animal Models: A Review of Their Feasibility and Clinical Utility for Therapeutic Appraisal of Investigational Drug Candidates

Antibiotics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 694
Author(s):  
Solomon Abrha ◽  
Andrew Bartholomaeus ◽  
Wubshet Tesfaye ◽  
Jackson Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Therapeutic Drug ◽  
Investigational Drug ◽  
Skin Infections ◽  
Drug Candidates ◽  
First Line Therapy ◽  
Superficial Skin

Impetigo (school sores), a superficial skin infection commonly seen in children, is caused by the gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and/or Streptococcus pyogenes. Antibiotic treatments, often topical, are used as the first-line therapy for impetigo. The efficacy of potential new antimicrobial compounds is first tested in in vitro studies and, if effective, followed by in vivo studies using animal models and/or humans. Animal models are critical means for investigating potential therapeutics and characterizing their safety profile prior to human trials. Although several reviews of animal models for skin infections have been published, there is a lack of a comprehensive review of animal models simulating impetigo for the selection of therapeutic drug candidates. This review critically examines the existing animal models for impetigo and their feasibility for testing the in vivo efficacy of topical treatments for impetigo and other superficial bacterial skin infections.

scholarly journals Glycemia Lowering Effect of an Aqueous Extract of Hedychium coronarium Leaves in Diabetic Rodent Models

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 629 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling-Shan Tse ◽  
Po-Lin Liao ◽  
Chi-Hao Tsai ◽  
Ching-Hao Li ◽  
Jiunn-Wang Liao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Insulin Level ◽  
Diabetic Animal ◽  
Hedychium Coronarium ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Use

Hedychium coronarium has a long history of use worldwide as a food and in folk medicine. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of an aqueous extract of H. coronarium leaves (HC) on type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Two types of animal models were used in this study: Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced T2DM (Wistar rats; N = 8) and C57BKSdb/db mice (N = 5). After treatment with HC for 28 days, glucose tolerance improved in both of the diabetic animal models. As significant effects were shown after 14 days of treatment in the STZ-induced T2DM model, we carried out the experiments with it. After 28 days of treatment with HC, the levels of cholesterol, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein, and low-density lipoprotein were significantly improved in the STZ-induced T2DM model. The lesions degree of islet β-cells was decreased after the HC treatment. Although the insulin level increased moderately, the aldosterone level was significantly decreased in the HC-treated groups, suggesting that aldosterone might play an important role in this effect. In summary, HC is a natural product and it is worth exploring its effect on T2DM.

Obesity: epigenetic regulation – recent observations

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 163-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marlene Remely ◽  
Ana Laura de la Garza ◽  
Ulrich Magnet ◽  
Eva Aumueller ◽  
Alexander G. Haslberger
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Epigenetic Regulation ◽  
Special Importance ◽  
Epigenetic Mechanisms ◽  
Transgenerational Inheritance ◽  
Obesity Gene ◽  
Epigenetic Modifiers ◽  
Gene Environment ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors

AbstractGenetic and environmental factors, especially nutrition and lifestyle, have been discussed in the literature for their relevance to epidemic obesity. Gene-environment interactions may need to be understood for an improved understanding of the causes of obesity, and epigenetic mechanisms are of special importance. Consequences of epigenetic mechanisms seem to be particularly important during certain periods of life: prenatal, postnatal and intergenerational, transgenerational inheritance are discussed with relevance to obesity. This review focuses on nutrients, diet and habits influencing intergenerational, transgenerational, prenatal and postnatal epigenetics; on evidence of epigenetic modifiers in adulthood; and on animal models for the study of obesity.

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