scholarly journals Glycemia Lowering Effect of an Aqueous Extract of Hedychium coronarium Leaves in Diabetic Rodent Models

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 629 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling-Shan Tse ◽  
Po-Lin Liao ◽  
Chi-Hao Tsai ◽  
Ching-Hao Li ◽  
Jiunn-Wang Liao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Insulin Level ◽  
Diabetic Animal ◽  
Hedychium Coronarium ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Use

Hedychium coronarium has a long history of use worldwide as a food and in folk medicine. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of an aqueous extract of H. coronarium leaves (HC) on type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Two types of animal models were used in this study: Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced T2DM (Wistar rats; N = 8) and C57BKSdb/db mice (N = 5). After treatment with HC for 28 days, glucose tolerance improved in both of the diabetic animal models. As significant effects were shown after 14 days of treatment in the STZ-induced T2DM model, we carried out the experiments with it. After 28 days of treatment with HC, the levels of cholesterol, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein, and low-density lipoprotein were significantly improved in the STZ-induced T2DM model. The lesions degree of islet β-cells was decreased after the HC treatment. Although the insulin level increased moderately, the aldosterone level was significantly decreased in the HC-treated groups, suggesting that aldosterone might play an important role in this effect. In summary, HC is a natural product and it is worth exploring its effect on T2DM.

scholarly journals Hypoglycemic potential of Trixis angustifolia aqueous extract in alloxan-induced diabetic mice

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 74-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anuar Salazar-Gómez ◽  
María Elena Vargas-Díaz ◽  
Leticia Garduño-Siciliano
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Reducing Sugars ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Diabetic Mice ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Hypoglycemic Agent ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the hypoglycemic potential of Trixis angustifolia in alloxan-induced diabetic mice. An intragastric adminis-tration of the aqueous extract (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg) prepared from the aerial parts of T. angustifolia was evaluated. The treatment with the extract at 100 mg/kg produced a significant lowered (30.5%) of the blood glucose levels in diabetic mice after 15 days of daily oral administration. In addition, the extract induced a significant decrease in serum total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein whereas increased the high-density lipoprotein level. Additionally, the presence of alkaloids, cumarins, saponins, flavonoids and reducing sugars were identified in the extract. These findings provide a basis explain-ing the traditional folk medicine use of this plant as a hypoglycemic agent by the Mexican people.

Have we learnt all from IMPROVE-IT? Part II. Subanalyses on the ef- fects of ezetimibe added to statin therapy on selected clinical and laborato- ry outcomes, cost effectiveness, guideline and clinical implications

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zlatko Fras ◽  
Dimitri P. Mikhailidis
Keyword(s):  
Statin Therapy ◽  
Artery Bypass ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Bypass Graft ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Drug Discontinuation ◽  
Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
History Of ◽  
Risk Cost ◽  
Cardiovascular Biomarkers

: In this second part of a review of the IMProved Reduction of Outcomes: Vytorin Efficacy International Trial (IMPROVE-IT), we discuss the findings in relation to patients with stroke, the ACS phenotype, history of coronary artery bypass graft surgery, heart failure, concurrent polyvascular atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) and diabetes mellitus, and different levels of expression of selected cardiovascular biomarkers. The combination therapy was proven safe, and drug discontinuation rates were not increased by adding ezetimibe. Since both statins and ezetimibe are now almost globally generically available, we can conclude that for secondary prevention of ASCVD, adding ezetimibe to high-intensity statin therapy further reduces low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and cardiovascular risk cost-effectively.

scholarly journals The Botanical, Chemical and Ethnobotanical Diversity of Southern African Lamiaceae

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (12) ◽  
pp. 3712
Author(s):  
Ryan D. Rattray ◽  
Ben-Erik Van Wyk
Keyword(s):  
Southern Africa ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Taxonomic Diversity ◽  
Volatile Oils ◽  
Edible Plant ◽  
Flora Of Southern Africa ◽  
Traditional Uses ◽  
History Of ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries ◽  
History Of Use

The Lamiaceae is undoubtedly an important plant family, having a rich history of use that spans the globe with many species being used in folk medicine and modern industries alike. Their ability to produce aromatic volatile oils has made them valuable sources of materials in the cosmetic, culinary, and pharmaceutical industries. A thorough account of the taxonomic diversity, chemistry and ethnobotany is lacking for southern African Lamiaceae, which feature some of the region’s most notable medicinal and edible plant species. We provide a comprehensive insight into the Lamiaceae flora of southern Africa, comprising 297 species in 42 genera, 105 of which are endemic to the subcontinent. We further explore the medicinal and traditional uses, where all genera with documented uses are covered for the region. A broad review of the chemistry of southern African Lamiaceae is presented, noting that only 101 species (34%) have been investigated chemically (either their volatile oils or phytochemical characterization of secondary metabolites), thus presenting many and varied opportunities for further studies. The main aim of our study was therefore to present an up-to-date account of the botany, chemistry and traditional uses of the family in southern Africa, and to identify obvious knowledge gaps.

scholarly journals Aquaculture Production of the Brown Seaweeds Laminaria digitata and Macrocystis pyrifera: Applications in Food and Pharmaceuticals

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 1306
Author(s):  
Diane Purcell-Meyerink ◽  
Michael A. Packer ◽  
Thomas T. Wheeler ◽  
Maria Hayes
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Supplements ◽  
Functional Foods ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Macrocystis Pyrifera ◽  
Fish Feed ◽  
Laminaria Digitata ◽  
Brown Seaweeds ◽  
Commercial Potential ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Use

Seaweeds have a long history of use as food, as flavouring agents, and find use in traditional folk medicine. Seaweed products range from food, feed, and dietary supplements to pharmaceuticals, and from bioenergy intermediates to materials. At present, 98% of the seaweed required by the seaweed industry is provided by five genera and only ten species. The two brown kelp seaweeds Laminaria digitata, a native Irish species, and Macrocystis pyrifera, a native New Zealand species, are not included in these eleven species, although they have been used as dietary supplements and as animal and fish feed. The properties associated with the polysaccharides and proteins from these two species have resulted in increased interest in them, enabling their use as functional foods. Improvements and optimisations in aquaculture methods and bioproduct extractions are essential to realise the commercial potential of these seaweeds. Recent advances in optimising these processes are outlined in this review, as well as potential future applications of L. digitata and, to a greater extent, M. pyrifera which, to date, has been predominately only wild-harvested. These include bio-refinery processing to produce ingredients for nutricosmetics, functional foods, cosmeceuticals, and bioplastics. Areas that currently limit the commercial potential of these two species are highlighted.

Migraine in Children: Association With Primary and Familial Dyslipoproteinemias

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 316-321
Author(s):  
Charles J. Glueck ◽  
Stephen R. Bates
Keyword(s):  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Degree Relative ◽  
Presumptive Diagnosis ◽  
History Of ◽  
Premature Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Disproportionate Number ◽  
Severe Migraine ◽  
Cerebral Vascular

We studied lipids and lipoprotein cholesterols in 39 children (26 boys, 13 girls) with severe migraine, to examine the hypothesis that primary and familial lipoprotein abnormalities might be associated with or predispose children to the migraine syndrome. Each of the children, 4 to 20 years of age, had severe migraine, leading to pediatric neurologic referral and therapy. Twenty-five of the 39 probands (64%) had a first degree relative with severe migraine, and 18% had a second degree relative with severe migraine. In 11 of the 39 kindreds (28%), there was a family history of premature myocardial infarction and/or cerebral vascular accident (<age 55 years), involving one grandparent from each of ten kindreds and one parent in the 11th kindred. In nine of the 26 boys, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels were greater than or equal to the age-, sex-, race-specific 90th percentile, and in three of these nine children, there was at least one additional first degree relative also having a primary top decile LDL-C level, consistent with the presumptive diagnosis of familial hypercholesterolemia. The finding of more than three times as many boys with migraine headache having top decile LDL-C than expected (9 v 2.6) was significant (x2 = 17.5, P <.01). Also, there were six boys having bottom decile levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C); all six came from kindreds with at least one first degree relative also having bottom decile HDL-C. The finding of more than two times as many boys with migraine having bottom decile HDL-C than expected (6 v 2.6) was significant (x2 = 4.94, P < .05). Of the 13 female pediatric probands, two had top decile LDL-C and two had bottom decile HDL-C and came from families with at least one additional first degree family relative also having a primary and similar dyslipoproteinemia. Our observations suggest that the clinical diagnosis of severe migraine in childhood should lead to measurement of lipids and lipoprotein cholesterols, particularly in boys, because they represent a cohort with a disproportionate number of hyper-β- and hypo-α-lipoproteinemic subjects. We speculate that primary and familial lipoprotein abnormalities, particularly those involving high levels of LDL-C and/or low levels of HDL-C, may be etiologically related to migraine, perhaps related to platelet hyperaggregability, and/or increased likelihood of cerebral vascular instability.

scholarly journals Comparative study between the prophylactics Effects of aqueous extract of Black Currant (Vitis vinferia.L) and vitamin E on some biological parameters related with heart diseases in oxidative Stressed rats

2008 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-252
Author(s):  
Abdul-Katum A. H.
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Platelet Count ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Prothrombin Time ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Black Currant ◽  
Oral Intubation

This study was designed to investigate the prophylactic effect of aqueousextract of black currant concentrate on some biological markers related withheart disease in male rat treated H2O2. It also aimed at comparing theprophylactic effect of black currant concentrate to that of vit E.Forty adult male rats were divided randomly into equal groups (tenrat/group) & were treated as follows for 42 days. Rats in the first group (G І)were received normal water with oral intubation of sun flower oil 1ml /rat andconsider as control group. Animals of the second group (G Π) were received0.5% H2O2 in drinking water, while rats of the third group (G Ш) were received0.5% H2O2 in drinking water with oral intubation of vit E 400 I.U/Kg.B.Wdiluting in sun flower oil for each rat daily .While animals in the fourth group (GІV) were intubated daily 60mg/kg body weight of aqueous extract of blackcurrant concentrate plus 0.5% H2O2 in drinking water.Fasting blood samples were collected at 0, 21, and 42 days of experimentto study the following parameters:A - Platelet count (PC) and prothrombin time (PT).B- Serum concentration of total cholesterol TC, triacylglycerol TAG, Highdensity lipoprotein-cholesterol HDL-C, Low density lipoprotein-cholesterolLDL-C and Very low density lipoprotein- cholesterol VLDL-C of each groupwere measured. These parameters were regarded as biomarkers ofatherosclerosis and coronary heart disease (CHD). Furthermore section of heart& aorta were assessed for histopathogical studies.The result revealed that administration of 0.5% H2O2 in drinking water for sixweeks (42days) caused significant increase (p<0.05) in platelet count & in serumTC,TAG,LDL-C, and VLDL-C concentration with significant decrease(p<0.05)in prothrombin time and HDL-C concentration as compared to other groups, onother hand oral intubation of vitamin E or aqueous extract of black currantconcentrate in addition to H2O2 (groups Ш and ІV respectively) decreased theserum concentration of TC, TAG, LDL-C, VLDL-C, and platelet countIraqi Journal of Veterinary Medicine Vol. 32, No. 2, 2008228

Lipid disorders in pregnancy

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anastasios Liberis ◽  
Stamatis Petousis ◽  
Panagiotis Tsikouras
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Safety Data ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Lipid Disorders ◽  
Severe Hypertriglyceridemia ◽  
History Of ◽  
Lipid Lowering Agents ◽  
In Pregnancy

: Dyslipidemia represents a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. In addition, severe hypertriglyceridemia is an important cause of acute pancreatitis. Accordingly, the increase in serum lipid levels that are observed during pregnancy have potentially important implications. The management of dyslipidemia in pregnancy is further complicated by the lack of safety data during this period for most of the lipid-lowering agents. In the present review, we discuss the most important lipid disorders in pregnant women and their management. Pregnancy is characterized by increases in both low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and triglyceride levels, which might result in severe complications both for the mother and the fetus. Accordingly, LDL-C and triglyceride levels should be monitored during pregnancy, particularly in women with a history of dyslipidemia. Diet is the mainstay of management of dyslipidemia in pregnant women and apheresis can also be considered in patients with homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia or severe hypertriglyceridemia. However, there is a pressing need for studies that with evaluate the safety of lipid-lowering agents during pregnancy.

Haemostatic, Endothelial and Lipoprotein Parameters and Blood Pressure Levels in Women with a History of Preeclampsia

1999 ◽  
Vol 81 (04) ◽  
pp. 538-542 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shu He ◽  
Angela Silveira ◽  
Anders Hamsten ◽  
Margareta Blombäck ◽  
Katarina Bremme
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipoprotein Metabolism ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Normal Pregnancy ◽  
Index Pregnancy ◽  
History Of ◽  
Von Willebrand ◽  
Willebrand Factor

SummaryTo determine whether perturbations of haemostatic function and lipoprotein metabolism prevail long after preeclampsia and increase the risk of future coronary heart disease (CHD), we conducted a follow-up study in women with (cases, n = 25) or without (controls, n = 24) a history of preeclampsia. Blood samples were taken in the follicular and in the luteal phases of a menstrual cycle. Levels of blood pressure (BP) and proteinuria measured during the index pregnancy were included in the evaluation. Compared to control women who had undergone a normal pregnancy, the formerly preeclamptic patients had higher systolic (p <0.01) and diastolic (p <0.05) BPs and increased plasma levels of von Willebrand factor (vWF), fibrinogen, cholesterol, triglycerides and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) (all p <0.05). The lipid, vWF, and fibrinogen levels were positively related to the degree of BP elevation but not to the degree of proteinuria during the index pregnancy. Except for the increase in vWF level, all biochemical perturbations were only present in the luteal but not in the follicular phase samples. In conclusion, persistent endothelial dysfunction with ensuing dysregulation of blood pressure, haemostatic perturbation and dyslipoproteinemia after preeclampsia may indicate a proneness to future CHD.

scholarly journals Hepatoprotective effect of aqueous extract of cardamom against gentamicin induced hepatic damage in rats

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Aboubakr ◽  
Abdelazem Mohamed Abdelazem
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Hepatoprotective Activity ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Aqueous Extracts

<p>The study was designed to evaluate the hepatoprotective activity of aqueous extract of cardamom in acute experimental liver injury induced by gentamicin. Twenty four male albino rats were randomly divided into four groups (six rats in each). Animals of the first group served as control and orally (p.o.) received (1 ml/kg saline). The second experimental group was given gentamicin (80 mg/kg i.p.) for 7 days. Third and fourth groups were given aqueous extract of cardamom (100 and 200 mg/kg p.o.) + gentamicin for 7 days, respectively. The degree of hepatoprotection was measured using serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), bilirubin, albumin, and lipid profile levels. In the acute liver damage induced by gentamicin, cardamom aqueous extracts (100 and 200 mg/kg, p.o.) significantly reduced the elevated serum levels of AST, ALT, bilirubin, cholesterol, triglycerides and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-chol) in gentamicin induced hepatotoxicity. Also cardamom aqueous extracts (100 &amp; 200 mg/kg, p.o.) significantly increased the lowered serum levels of albumin and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-chol) in gentamicin induced hepatotoxicity rats. Histopathological examination of the liver tissues supported the hepatoprotection. Our findings concluded that cardamom aqueous extracts possessed hepatoprotective activity against gentamicin induced hepatotoxicity in rats.</p>

scholarly journals The history of proprotein convertase subtilisin kexin-9 inhibitors and their role in the treatment of cardiovascular disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 204062232092456
Author(s):  
Eun Ji Kim ◽  
Anthony S. Wierzbicki
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Proprotein Convertase ◽  
Pcsk9 Inhibitors ◽  
Activating Mutations ◽  
History Of ◽  
New Guidelines

A consensus has formed based on epidemiological studies and clinical trials that intervention to reduce low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) will reduce cardiovascular disease (CVD) events. This has progressively reduced the thresholds for intervention and targets for treatment. Whist statins are sufficient for many people in primary prevention, they only partially achieve the newer targets of secondary prevention for established CVD. Increasing use of statins has highlighted that 1–2% cannot tolerate these drugs. Other cholesterol-lowering drugs such as ezetimibe add to the benefits of statins but have limited efficacy. The discovery of activating mutations in proprotein convertase subtilisin kexin-9 (PCSK9) as a cause of familial hypercholesterolaemia while inactivating mutations lower LDL-C led to the idea to develop PCSK9 inhibitors as drugs. This article reviews the history of lipid-lowering therapies, the discovery of PCSK9 and the development of PCSK9 inhibitors. It reviews the key trials of the current antibody-based drugs and how these have influenced new guidelines. It also reviews the controversy caused by their cost and the increasing application of health economics to determine the optimum strategy for implementation of novel therapeutic pathways and surveys other options for targeting PCSK9 as well as other LDL-C lowering compounds in late development.

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