scholarly journals Clinical Analysis of Analgesics and Steroids Use for Extraction of Teeth in Patients with Intellectual Disability Under General Anesthesia

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 181-186
Author(s):  
Shigeru Maeda ◽  
Yuka Honda ◽  
Hiroshi Tanimura ◽  
Yumiko Tomoyasu ◽  
Hitoshi Higuchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
General Anesthesia ◽  
Clinical Analysis ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Intravenous Injections ◽  
Wisdom Teeth ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
The Relationship

Background: The extraction of lower wisdom teeth is often performed under general anesthesia in patients with intellectual disabilities. However, the choice of analgesics has not yet been investigated. Objective: To analyze the use of analgesics during general anesthesia for extraction including lower wisdom teeth in patients with intellectual disabilities. Methods: This research is a retrospective observational study. The study population was composed of all patients presenting for extraction of lower wisdom teeth under ambulatory general anesthesia in the clinic of Special Needs Dentistry in Okayama University Hospital from April 2011 to March 2016. The distribution of the combination of analgesics and the relationship between the use of analgesics and the type of extraction were investigated. Results: One hundred and twelve cases were enrolled in this study. Intravenous injections of flurbiprofen, acetaminophen and betamethasone were used in 96 (85.7%), 12 (10.7%) and 26 cases (23.2%), respectively. Flurbiprofen is a non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Acetaminophen is an old analgesic, but an injection of acetaminophen is new, which was released in 2013 in Japan. And betamethasone is not an analgesic, but a steroid. Betamethasone was used in combination with other analgesics, and was used at a higher dose in a case in which four wisdom teeth were extracted. Conclusion: Flurbiprofen was the main analgesic used for extraction of wisdom teeth under general anesthesia in patients with intellectual disabilities. Betamethasone was used to support flurbiprofen or acetaminophen for extractions of multiple wisdom teeth, with the aim of controlling swelling rather than relieving pain.

scholarly journals The Assimilation of Assistive Technology in Residential Care Centers for People with Intellectual Disabilities

2004 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 178-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eli Carmeli ◽  
Carmit Cahana ◽  
Joav Merrick
Keyword(s):  
Mental Retardation ◽  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Assistive Technology ◽  
Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
Residential Care ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Special Support ◽  
Study Results ◽  
People With Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
The Relationship

People with intellectual disability (ID) require special support in order to achieve independence in their daily life. Persons with ID are less exposed to assistive technology, although studies have shown that the availability of aids afford an opportunity to reach independence and cooperation. The aim of this study was to examine the nature of the relationship between involvement of the physiotherapy (PT) team and the degree to which assistive technology was used. A questionnaire was sent to all PTs employed at all 54 residential care centers for persons with ID of the Division for Mental Retardation at the Ministry of Social Affairs in Israel. A significantly positive correlation was found between the degree of involvement of the PT and the utilization of assistive technology. The study results may be summarized by stating that PTs demonstrated a great deal of involvement, particularly in relation to the extent of their work in the residential care centers. PT's awareness of the importance was indicated as the major reason to use assistive technology.

The Sociology of Acceptance Revisited: “There Must Have Been Something Because I Grieve So!”

2008 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 427-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helge Folkestad ◽  
Lone Folkestad
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
Community Living ◽  
Full Understanding ◽  
Foster Families ◽  
People With Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Caring for a person may result in emotions for that person. When Helen died, her staff experienced deep sorrow. The authors interviewed the staff, asking to what extent R. Bogdan and S. J. Taylor's (1987) sociology of acceptance could help them understand how accepting ties are made and maintained. Because R. Bogdan and S. J. Taylor mainly looked at relationships within foster families and friendships, the authors broaden the perspectives by examining a case where the relationship was between a resident and her staff in the now-typical Norwegian community-living setting for people with intellectual disabilities. After interviewing staff about how the resident interacted with these other, “typical” people, the authors maintain that acceptance is not only the doings of those without the intellectual disability. The authors acknowledge that a full understanding of accepting relationships requires the perspectives of both parties.

scholarly journals Risk factors for mediastinitis in the post-operative period of heart surgery

2020 ◽  
pp. 971-976
Author(s):  
Debora Ferreira da Cruz ◽  
Elbanir Rosangela Ferreira de Sousa ◽  
Claudia Elizabeth de Almeida
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiac Surgery ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Heart Surgery ◽  
Artery Bypass ◽  
Bypass Graft ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Postoperative Risk ◽  
Study Population ◽  
The Relationship

Objectives: The study’s main purpose has been to identify both pre and postoperative risk factors related to the development of mediastinitis among patients who underwent cardiac surgery at a hospital from the Rio de Janeiro city. Furthermore, to characterize the study population and to analyze the relationship between risk factors and the incidence of mediastinitis in patients who underwent cardiac surgery. Methods: It is a descriptive and retrospective study with a quantitative approach, where there were identified the risk factors related to the development of mediastinitis in patients who underwent cardiac surgery at a university hospital from the Rio de Janeiro State. Results: There were obtained a total of 192 patients, mostly males, within the age group from 50 to 69 years old and overweight. Diabetes mellitus and smoking were the most frequent comorbidities, and coronary artery bypass graft surgery was the most performed surgery, 4 patients had mediastinitis. Conclusion: The identification of such factors contributes to the elaboration of prevention strategies for mediastinitis, and the implementation of nursing care in both pre and postoperative periods of cardiac surgeries.

scholarly journals Psychiatric morbidity in prisoners with intellectual disabilities: analysis of prison survey data for England and Wales

2011 ◽  
Vol 199 (2) ◽  
pp. 156-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Hassiotis ◽  
Dina Gazizova ◽  
Leah Akinlonu ◽  
Paul Bebbington ◽  
Howard Meltzer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
Test Scores ◽  
Substance Misuse ◽  
Attempted Suicide ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Self Rated Health ◽  
The Relationship

SummaryA substantial number of prisoners have intellectual disabilities. We analysed data on a sample drawn from all prisons in England and Wales. Intellectual disability was defined as Quick Test scores equivalent to an IQ of ⩽65. We found a significantly higher prevalence of probable psychosis, attempted suicide and cannabis use in prisoners with intellectual disabilities. Presence of intellectual disability was twice as likely to be associated with probable psychosis but the relationship was fully mediated by self-rated health status. It is important to identify this group as early as possible in order to provide timely interventions to cope in adverse environments and manage substance misuse.

scholarly journals Inflammatory Cytokines and Atherosclerotic Plaque Progression. Therapeutic Implications

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio V Sterpetti
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Atherosclerotic Plaque ◽  
Clinical Analysis ◽  
Plaque Progression ◽  
Therapeutic Implications ◽  
Inflammatory Parameters ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Purpose of the Review Inflammatory cytokines play a major role in atherosclerotic plaque progression. This review summarizes the rationale for personalized anti-inflammatory therapy. Recent Findings Systemic inflammatory parameters may be used to follow the clinical outcome in primary and secondary prevention. Medical therapy, both in patients with stable cardiovascular disease, or with acute events, may be tailored taking into consideration the level and course of systemic inflammatory mediators. There is significant space for improvement in primary prevention and in the treatment of patients who have suffered from severe cardiovascular events, paying attention to not only blood pressure and cholesterol levels but also including inflammatory parameters in our clinical analysis. Summary The potential exists to alter the course of atherosclerosis with anti-inflammatory drugs. With increased understanding of the specific mechanisms that regulate the relationship between inflammation and atherosclerosis, new, more effective and specific anti-inflammatory treatment may become available.

scholarly journals Treatment Under Dental General Anesthesia Among Children Younger than 6 Years in Lithuania

Medicina ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 49 (9) ◽  
pp. 63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Birutė Jankauskienė ◽  
Jorma Virtanen ◽  
Ričardas Kubilius ◽  
Julija Narbutaitė
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
General Anesthesia ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Dental Fear ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Caries Experience ◽  
Efficient Treatment ◽  
Dental Patients ◽  
Study Population ◽  
The University

Background and Objective. Dental general anesthesia (DGA) is an efficient treatment modality for young pediatric dental patients. The aim of this study was to identify the reasons for DGA, characteristics of patients receiving treatment under DGA, and treatment performed under DGA for children under school age in Kaunas, Lithuania. Material and Methods. The study population comprised all patients younger than 6 years treated under GA for dental reasons (n=144) at the University Hospital during a 3-year period from 2010 to 2012. The data were collected by means of clinical dental examinations, a survey of the parents, and the patients’ dental records and included personal background, reasons for DGA, dental status, and treatment provided. Results. More than half (54%) of the children were younger than 4 years; 40% of them resided in cities. The dental caries experience was high: the mean dmft and d were 12.9 (SD, 3.5) and 12.1 (SD 3.9), respectively. The majority (81%) of the children had multiple reasons for DGA, with the need for excessive treatment (93%), followed by dental fear and uncooperativeness (66%), being the most common. The extent of treatment increased with age and was greater among patients from rural areas. Of the 1975 primary teeth treated under GA, 50% were restored, 32% extracted, and 18% targeted with preventive procedures. Conclusions. Young children with very high levels of untreated tooth decay are treated under DGA at the Lithuanian University of Health Sciences Hospital. The need for complex treatment as well as dental fear and uncooperativeness are the major reasons for DGA. Multiple caries treatments and extractions are performed for these patients. This study highlights a great need to develop the healthcare system with regard to the appropriate management of caries among young children and postoperative DGA care.

Prisoners with intellectual disability: How to adapt interventions and the environment

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S38-S38
Author(s):  
V. Tort Herrando
Keyword(s):  
Learning Disabilities ◽  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
Learning Disability ◽  
Drug Misuse ◽  
Penal Law ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Rate Of Learning ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
Borderline Iq

There is an increasing interest in the Spanish prison to give the appropriate care when they are in prison. This situation has a special meaning in inmates with learning disabilities, as they are a vulnerable group inside prison. They are vulnerable in different areas as they have a high prevalence dual diagnosis (both with mental illness and drug misuse), they could suffer from abuse from other inmates, difficulties to understand prison regulations, etc. The prevalence of intellectual disability (ID) in the prison setting has been poorly evaluated. In Spain, despite various approximations or estimates regarding people with intellectual disabilities no reliable data is available.In our presentation, we will give an overview of the care of this group of patients, presenting some data from an epidemiological study in Spain. The rate of learning disabilities was of 3.77% of the study population has an IQ below 70, and 7, 3% has borderline IQ rate. We also describe a new setting in one of wards of a prison of Barcelona where has a model of therapeutic community for treating offenders with intellectual disabilities. This resource open two years ago and is run between prison services and an organization “Accepta” (specialized in people with learning disability and penal law problems). This is an effort from the prison services to adapt to the needs of inmates and deliver a better service with a good post-release follow-up.And finally, we present some data about learning disability in penitentiary psychiatric settings (the prevalence as a main diagnose is around 10%).Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his declaration of competing interest.

Influence of meteorological conditions on post-tonsillectomy haemorrhage

2008 ◽  
Vol 122 (12) ◽  
pp. 1330-1334
Author(s):  
G Racic ◽  
D Kurtovic ◽  
Z Colovic ◽  
Z Dogas ◽  
G Kardum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Weather Condition ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Meteorological Conditions ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Daily Change ◽  
Study Population ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractAim:To evaluate the relationship between the incidence of primary post-tonsillectomy haemorrhage and the daily weather condition, over a five-year period.Study design and setting:This was a retrospective study carried out in the ENT department of the Split University Hospital between January 2000 and December 2004.Results:Out of 3377 patients undergoing tonsillectomy, primary post-operative haemorrhage occurred in 83 (2.5 per cent). The season, daily atmospheric pressure and daily change in atmospheric pressure did not have any significant influence on post-tonsillectomy haemorrhage incidence. However, there was a statistically significant increase in the incidence of primary post-operative haemorrhage when cyclonic conditions prevailed (p = 0.035).Conclusion:The incidence of primary post-tonsillectomy haemorrhage in our study population was 2.5 per cent. Avoiding tonsillectomy during cyclonic weather conditions may reduce the incidence of primary post-tonsillectomy haemorrhage.

Postoperative Nystagmus and Nausea

1994 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghassem E. Larijani ◽  
Irwin Gratz ◽  
Mary Afshar
Keyword(s):  
General Anesthesia ◽  
Postoperative Nausea ◽  
Nausea And Vomiting ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Open Label ◽  
Open Label Study ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Relationship

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the presence and the relationship between postoperative nystagmus and nausea. DESIGN: Open-label study. SETTING: University hospital. PATIENTS: Sixty-six patients recovering from general anesthesia following elective ambulatory surgeries. INTERVENTIONS: Patients were tested postoperatively for nystagmus using an electronystagmography, and were monitored for nausea and vomiting for the first postoperative day. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: A comparison of the incidence of nausea was made among patients with and without postoperative nystagmus. RESULTS: Twenty-four patients (36 percent) experienced postoperative nausea and 28 patients (42 percent) had nystagmus. There were no significant differences in age, weight, height, dosage of fentanyl, or postoperative use of narcotics between those who experienced postoperative nausea or had nystagmus than those who did not. A significantly greater percentage of female patients compared with male patients had nausea during the first postoperative day. Sixty percent of patients with nystagmus experienced nausea in the hospital compared with 18 percent of the patients without nystagmus (p<0.01, 95 percent confidence interval [CI] of the difference = 11.3 to 61.3 percent). Twenty-two patients (78 percent) with nystagmus experienced nausea during the first postoperative day compared with 14 patients (36 percent) with no nystagmus (p<0.01, 95 percent CI of the difference = 20.1 to 63.3 percent). Eighty-three percent of the nauseated patients experienced vomiting during the first postoperative day. CONCLUSIONS: The presence of nystagmus in the early part of recovery from general anesthesia is associated with a higher incidence of nausea and vomiting during the first postoperative day.

Offending Behaviours in People with Intellectual Disabilities

2020 ◽  
pp. 169-180
Author(s):  
John L. Taylor ◽  
William R. Lindsay ◽  
John Devapriam
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
Service Level ◽  
Violent Behaviour ◽  
Sexually Aggressive ◽  
Assessment And Treatment ◽  
People With Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
Offending Behaviour ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Offending behaviour and intellectual disability has long been—erroneously—associated in the literature and this misattribution has shaped services for this population. In this chapter, the relationship between intellectual disability and criminality is described along with the impact on the care and treatment of people in this population. Developments in the assessment of risk are outlined and clinical interventions for fire setting, sexually aggressive and violent behaviour are detailed, along with consideration of service level outcomes. Over the last 20 years or so there have been significant developments in clinical assessment and treatment approaches for people with intellectual disabilities who offend, however more rigorous and larger scale research is required to support further advances.

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