scholarly journals A Pictorial Technique for Mass Screening of Sorghum Germplasm for Anthracnose (Colletotrichum sublineolum) Resistance

2009 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louis K. Prom ◽  
Ramasamy Perumal ◽  
John Erpelding ◽  
Thomas Isakeit ◽  
Noe Montes-Garcia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Field Evaluation ◽  
Spore Suspension ◽  
Field Inoculation ◽  
Colletotrichum Sublineolum ◽  
Dew Formation ◽  
Spray Inoculation ◽  
Sorghum Anthracnose ◽  
Inoculum Preparation ◽  
Sorghum Germplasm

Globally, the foliar phase of anthracnose is one of the most destructive diseases of sorghum. In most cases, anthracnose resistance screening relies on the use of a spore suspension. This method is usually conducted after sundown and when there is the possibility of dew formation the following morning. Using a spore suspension for sorghum anthracnose field evaluation in College Station, Texas over five years (1996, 1997, 1999-2001) yielded inconsistent linkage results and failed to identify any closely linked molecular markers. For large scale screening of sorghum germplasm for anthracnose (Colletotrichum sublineolum) resistance, plants are inoculated in the field or in the green house at either 30 d after planting or at the 8-10 leaf-stage. In field inoculation, the use of C. sublineolum-colonized sorghum grains was shown to be the most efficient and effective in identifying resistant sources. For effective, efficient, fast and accurate infection, approximately 10-20 seeds are placed in each plant leaf whorl and it takes about 16.7 kg of colonized grains to cover a 0.4 ha area. In the greenhouse, though colonized grains are equally effective, spray inoculation is preferred for easy and uniform coverage. Using this method of inoculum preparation, spore suspension was extracted and sprayed (106 conidia·ml-1), followed by 10 hr/d misting for 30 sec at 30-45 min interval continuously for a period of one month resulted in effective infection.

scholarly journals Response of Sorghum Accessions from Four African Countries against <i>Colletotrichum sublineolum</i>, Causal Agent of Sorghum Anthracnose

2012 ◽  
Vol 03 (01) ◽  
pp. 125-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louis K. Prom ◽  
John Erpelding ◽  
Ramasamy Perumal ◽  
Thomas Isakeit ◽  
Hugo Cuevas
Keyword(s):  
Causal Agent ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Colletotrichum Sublineolum ◽  
Sorghum Anthracnose

Evaluation of sorghum germplasm resistance to anthracnose by Colletotrichum sublineolum in China

2020 ◽  
Vol 134 ◽  
pp. 105173
Author(s):  
Jing Xu ◽  
Peiwen Qin ◽  
Yu Jiang ◽  
Lan Hu ◽  
Kejie Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colletotrichum Sublineolum ◽  
Sorghum Germplasm

scholarly journals Variability and Correlation Studies on Induced Mutants of Marigold (Tagetes erecta L.) for Different Traits and Assessing Them Using Molecular Markers

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-236
Author(s):  
Jayoti Majumder ◽  
SK Singh ◽  
Meenu Kumari ◽  
Manjusha Verma
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Field Evaluation ◽  
Issr Markers ◽  
Phenotypic Correlation ◽  
Induced Mutations ◽  
Single Marker ◽  
Tagetes Erecta L ◽  
Mutant Identification

Induced mutations are important for creating novel variabilities in marigold for different purposes. Distinct putative mutants of marigold var. Pusa Narangi Gainda generated through gamma irradiation (in vivo and in vitro), were studied for variability and correlation in M2 generation for 11 traits. The maximum heritability (h2) was noted for days to flower harvest (0.9982%). The highest positive phenotypic correlation (0.637) was noted for number of flowers per plant to the days to first flower harvest. The most positive genotypic correlation (0.915) was found for seed yield (g) to the number of flowers per plant. Furthermore, the putative mutants in M2 were assessed for their diversity using ISSR markers and the amplified DNA fragments were compared with their respective parent genotype maintained (in vivo and in vitro). Single marker regression analysis indicated that the ISSR 811 and ISSR 817 were highly efficient markers for mutant identification in marigold. On the basis of dendrogram, putative mutant No. 3 (pm3) showed the highest dissimilarity with the parent (0.58). The mutants, pm5 and pm6 were found to be similar to each other (0.65), though they were quite distinct from the parent genotype morphologically. These selected mutants were multiplied up to six generations to attain the desired level of homozygosity for their large scale field evaluation. Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 28(2): 223-236, 2018 (December)

scholarly journals sUAS-Based Remote Sensing of River Discharge Using Thermal Particle Image Velocimetry and Bathymetric Lidar

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (19) ◽  
pp. 2317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Kinzel ◽  
Carl Legleiter
Keyword(s):  
Particle Image Velocimetry ◽  
River Discharge ◽  
Water Surface ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Particle Image ◽  
Field Evaluation ◽  
Remotely Sensed ◽  
Surface Velocity ◽  
Unmanned Aerial Systems ◽  
Image Velocimetry

This paper describes a non-contact methodology for computing river discharge based on data collected from small Unmanned Aerial Systems (sUAS). The approach is complete in that both surface velocity and channel geometry are measured directly under field conditions. The technique does not require introducing artificial tracer particles for computing surface velocity, nor does it rely upon the presence of naturally occurring floating material. Moreover, no prior knowledge of river bathymetry is necessary. Due to the weight of the sensors and limited payload capacities of the commercially available sUAS used in the study, two sUAS were required. The first sUAS included mid-wave thermal infrared and visible cameras. For the field evaluation described herein, a thermal image time series was acquired and a particle image velocimetry (PIV) algorithm used to track the motion of structures expressed at the water surface as small differences in temperature. The ability to detect these thermal features was significant because the water surface lacked floating material (e.g., foam, debris) that could have been detected with a visible camera and used to perform conventional Large-Scale Particle Image Velocimetry (LSPIV). The second sUAS was devoted to measuring bathymetry with a novel scanning polarizing lidar. We collected field measurements along two channel transects to assess the accuracy of the remotely sensed velocities, depths, and discharges. Thermal PIV provided velocities that agreed closely ( R 2 = 0.82 and 0.64) with in situ velocity measurements from an acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP). Depths inferred from the lidar closely matched those surveyed by wading in the shallower of the two cross sections ( R 2 = 0.95), but the agreement was not as strong for the transect with greater depths ( R 2 = 0.61). Incremental discharges computed with the remotely sensed velocities and depths were greater than corresponding ADCP measurements by 22% at the first cross section and <1% at the second.

Field Evaluation of a Large-Scale Barrier Application of Bifenthrin on a Golf Course to Control Floodwater Mosquitoes

2012 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 219-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Whitney A. Qualls ◽  
Michael L. Smith ◽  
Gunter C. Müller ◽  
Tong-Yan Zhao ◽  
Rui-De Xue
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Field Evaluation ◽  
Golf Course

Large-scale field evaluation of driving performance and ergonomic effects of satellite-based guidance systems

2013 ◽  
Vol 116 (2) ◽  
pp. 190-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Holpp ◽  
Milan Kroulik ◽  
Zdenek Kviz ◽  
Thomas Anken ◽  
Monika Sauter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Field Evaluation ◽  
Driving Performance ◽  
Scale Field ◽  
Large Scale Field ◽  
Guidance Systems

scholarly journals Response to Anthracnose and Germination Rate of Colletotrichum Sublineola Acervuli of Greenhouse-Grown Sorghum

2019 ◽  
pp. 266-269
Author(s):  
Louis K. Prom Thomas Isakeit ◽  
Ghada Radwan
Keyword(s):  
Germination Rate ◽  
Causal Agent ◽  
Sorghum Anthracnose ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Inhibitor Compounds ◽  
Sorghum Germplasm

Colletotrichum sublineola, the causal agent of sorghum anthracnose, infects all above ground parts of the crop. The most pronounced phase of the disease is its foliar phase. In this study, 10 sorghum lines with checks were evaluated in the greenhouse for resistance against C. sublineola. Acervuli germination rate within infected leaves was also recorded. All the 10 sorghum lines along with checks BTX623, TAM428, and PI609251 were susceptible and as expected, SC748 was resistant. Variation among the lines for acervuli germination rate was observed; TAM428 and 1110248 recorded the highest percentage (98.3%) while PI609251 exhibited the lowest rate of acervuli germination (33.3%). Conidia produced from germinating acervuli are critical to the distribution and spread of the disease. However, conidia produced within the acervuli do not usually germinate due to the presence of self-inhibitor compounds. Thus, these self-inhibitors that may occur in the acervuli could explain the difference in levels of susceptibility among sorghum germplasm.

scholarly journals Field evaluation of Rot-fix for management of root rot disease of mulberry (Morus sp.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-139
Author(s):  
P.M. Pratheesh Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Environmental Concern ◽  
Field Evaluation ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Leaf Production ◽  
Southern States ◽  
Root Rot Disease ◽  
Rot Disease

Mulberry is cultivated throughout India as a host plant of silkworm (Bombyx mori L.) reared for commercial production of silk. The quality of silk produced depends largely on the quality of leaf fed to silkworm. Various mulberry diseases limit quality and quantity of silk production affecting the economic return to the farmers. Among these, root rot caused by a group of fungi is a severe threat for mulberry leaf production, especially in southern states of India due to large scale mortality and enormous crop loss. Though many fungi are isolated from the infected root, Fusarium solani is the one frequently found associated with the disease. Chemical control with fungicides is not advisable due the environmental concern and toxicity to the soil and silkworm. Thus, recently a broad spectrum environment friendly formulation viz., Rotfix has been developed by the Central Sericultural Research & Training Institute, Mysore and recommended after limited on-farm and field trials. However its efficiency has not been evaluated at the farmers’ level in large scale. The present study has been conducted to evaluate the effect of Rot-fix in large scale in four southern states of India. The Rot-fix has been applied to the infected plants and their recovery has been studied. There was a high recovery (86.76-91.96%) of the infected plants after application of Rot-fix. Though the leaf yield was significantly (P<0.01) lower (2.48%) in the recovered plants in first crop, by the second crop the plants were recovered completely and started giving yield the statistically on par with untreated healthy plants. The study therefore recommends the use of Rot-fix in large scale for control of root rot disease of mulberry.

scholarly journals Establishment of Bacterial Antagonists of Erwinia amylovora on Pear and Apple Blossoms as Influenced by Inoculum Preparation

1998 ◽  
Vol 88 (6) ◽  
pp. 506-513 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. O. Stockwell ◽  
K. B. Johnson ◽  
J. E. Loper
Keyword(s):  
Fire Blight ◽  
Erwinia Amylovora ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Fluorescent Microspheres ◽  
Bacterial Antagonists ◽  
Spray Inoculation ◽  
Population Sizes ◽  
Inoculum Preparation

The influence of inoculum preparation on the establishment of bacterial antagonists that suppress fire blight and Erwinia amylovora on blossoms was evaluated. Aqueous suspensions of Pseudomonas fluorescens A506, E. herbicola C9-1R, or E. amylovora 153N were prepared from cells harvested from the surface of an agar medium or from cells that were lyophilized after culture under similar conditions. Bacterial suspensions (1 × 108 CFU/ml) were sprayed on pear and apple trees at 50% bloom near midday. The incidence of recovery (proportion of blossoms containing detectable populations) and the population sizes of the bacteria on individual blossoms with detectable populations were followed over a period of several days. Fluorescent microspheres (1 μm in diameter) were added to sprays at a concentration of 1 × 107 microspheres per ml to mark blossoms that were open during application of bacteria. After dilution-plating, the stigmas and styles of each blossom were examined for the presence of microspheres with an epifluorescence microscope. In three of five trials, bacteria applied as suspensions of lyophilized cells were recovered from a greater proportion of blossoms than bacterial cells harvested directly from culture media. Every blossom harvested within 6 days after spraying had microspheres present on the surfaces of the styles and stigmas; thus, lack of establishment of detectable populations, rather than escape of blossoms from spray inoculation, accounted for the differences in proportion of blossoms colonized by the different preparations of bacteria. The use of lyophilized cells in field trials decreased variability in the establishment of bacteria on blossoms.

scholarly journals Estimates of global dew collection potential on artificial surfaces

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 601-613 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Vuollekoski ◽  
M. Vogt ◽  
V. A. Sinclair ◽  
J. Duplissy ◽  
H. Järvinen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Arabian Peninsula ◽  
Reanalysis Data ◽  
Northern Africa ◽  
Formation Model ◽  
Coastal Regions ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Dew Formation ◽  
Artificial Surfaces ◽  
Artificial Collector

Abstract. The global potential for collecting usable water from dew on an artificial collector sheet was investigated by utilizing 34 years of meteorological reanalysis data as input to a dew formation model. Continental dew formation was found to be frequent and common, but daily yields were mostly below 0.1 mm. Nevertheless, some water-stressed areas such as parts of the coastal regions of northern Africa and the Arabian Peninsula show potential for large-scale dew harvesting, as the yearly yield may reach up to 100 L m−2 for a commonly used polyethylene foil. Statistically significant trends were found in the data, indicating overall changes in dew yields of between ±10% over the investigated time period.

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