scholarly journals Comparison of TrackMan Data between Professional and Amateur Golfers at Swinging to Uphill and Downhill Fairways

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-143
Author(s):  
Takeru Suzuki ◽  
John Patrick Sheahan ◽  
Taiki Miyazawa ◽  
Isao Okuda ◽  
Daisuke Ichikawa
Keyword(s):  
Ground Surface ◽  
Attack Angle ◽  
Outdoor Environment ◽  
Golf Club ◽  
Environmental Constraints ◽  
Ball Impact ◽  
Driving Range ◽  
Ball Trajectory ◽  
Flat Ground ◽  
Launch Angle

Background: Golfers face different environmental conditions in each game played under various constraints. Enhancing affordances through training in a constrained outdoor environment is crucial. Objective: To analyze club head behavior at ball impact of a tee shot by 42 professional (PGs) and 25 amateur (AGs) golfers in swinging to uphill and downhill fairway environments using the TrackMan portable launch monitor. Methods: We used TrackMan to compare golf club movement adaptations in 42 PGs and 25 AGs. A 330-m driving range facing both the uphill (+5°) and downhill (-5°) fairways were used. The tee shot area was the only flat ground surface, with the uneven ground between the shot area and the 200-yard fairway. Results: The clubhead speed and attack angle were significantly higher among PGs than among AGs. PGs could adapt their swings to the uphill fairway by increasing the attack angle (3.6°±2.4) by 3.3° compared with the downhill fairway. The attack angle did not correlate with the launch angle among the AGs in the downhill condition, suggesting that they were unable to control the height of the ball based on the far side of the fairway. Conclusion: PGs increased the attack angle in uphill conditions, and their awareness of the affordance, which was different from that of AGs, allowed them to change the optimal ball trajectory to avoid perceived fairway risks. Thus, the more skill a player had, the better he was at recognizing the affordance of the visual field. PGs demonstrated a better ability to adapt to environmental constraints.

Modeling the sound of a golf club impact

2012 ◽  
Vol 226 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom Mase ◽  
Roger Sharpe ◽  
Nickolai Volkoff-Shoemaker ◽  
Scott Moreira
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Element Methods ◽  
Golf Ball ◽  
Head Model ◽  
Golf Club ◽  
Titanium Plate ◽  
Ball Impact ◽  
Association Coefficient ◽  
Tap Test ◽  
Sound Simulation ◽  
The Impact

A driver–golf ball impact was modeled and sound predicted using finite elements and boundary element methods. The driver head model had some features (artwork and scallops) removed to simplify the model. This de-featuring resulted in some of the simulated modes to be slightly lower than the ‘tap test’ measured modes of the fully featured, production driver. Computed acoustic modes in areas of the club head not de-featured matched experimental modes. Additionally, the impact sound simulation of a golf ball with a United States Golf Association coefficient of restitution titanium plate, with no features omitted, was completed. Acoustic pressure modes predicted well the modes measured by an accelerometer as the plate was excited by a modal hammer.

Influence of Non-Uniform Movements and Soft Soil on Seismic Responses

2012 ◽  
Vol 166-169 ◽  
pp. 2419-2422
Author(s):  
Su Hai
Keyword(s):  
Soft Soil ◽  
Surface Condition ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
The Past ◽  
Bridge Structures ◽  
Fixed Base ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Bridge Responses ◽  
Spatially Varying ◽  
Flat Ground

Relative responses can strongly determine damages of bridge structures, e.g. due to pounding and unseating of girders as observed in many major earthquakes in the past. In the investigations often uniform ground excitation and pounding at only one location are considered. Studies on the influence of spatially varying ground excitation on bridge responses are still very limited, and they are restricted to flat ground-surface condition. Influence of multi-sided pounding is also not much investigated. If the impediment effect of abutments is considered at all, so far fixed-base movements are assumed. The consequence of non-uniform movement and pier-support movements for the force development in bridge structures is not investigated yet. It is the subject of our current study.

High Speed Golf Ball Impact on a Substrate

2013 ◽  
Vol 440 ◽  
pp. 314-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Pincott ◽  
A.S. Blicblau
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Metal Plate ◽  
Golf Ball ◽  
Golf Club ◽  
Ball Impact ◽  
Coated Metal ◽  
Extra Energy ◽  
Golf Clubs ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Interest And Motivation

This project aims to investigate the effect impacting a high speed golf ball on TiN coated metal plate, a simulated golf club head. It was found that the surface coating caused greater deformation of the golf ball. It can be said that a club with this coating will absorb less energy from the impact. The result of this is that the energy will that was not absorbed by the club threw deformation will remain in the golf ball. This extra energy will be transformed into two forms of kinetic energy. The other will be used up by the forces acting on the ball during flight. This research is important as large golf club and golf ball companies have great interest and motivation to further their understanding of new ways to improve their golf clubs.

Numerical simulation and characteristics investigation of golf ball trajectory

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 105-114
Author(s):  
Xi WANG ◽  
Hanyu CHEN ◽  
Xiaofeng LI
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Interaction Analysis ◽  
Peak Height ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Club Head ◽  
Ball Trajectory ◽  
The Mathematical Model ◽  
Launch Angle

In this study, MATrixLABoratory (MATLAB)’s ode 45 method was adopted to investigate the effects of the three main factors on golf trajectory characteristics, and the preferred striking conditions were concluded. Meanwhile, the results of interaction analysis were used to assess the dependence of carry distance and peak height on each factor. Eventually, the realistic normal swing tests were conducted in a laboratory to confirm the validation and accuracy of the mathematical model. The simulated results showed that a faster club head speed generally enabled to improve carry distance. However, once the rotational speed was more than 3,000 r·min-1, the increased tendency of carry distance turned to decrease. Moreover, the decreased tendency was aggravated as the increase of club head speed and launch angle, but the low launch angle benefited to alleviate the decrease. Compared to the carry distance, peak height always rose in any conditions. Meanwhile, the combined effects of the three factors on carry distance were more obvious than on the peak height. Finally, the optimised striking strategies were concluded for golfer-slow, golfer-medium and golfer-fast, respectively.

scholarly journals Thermal environment mitigation effects in suburban area

2019 ◽  
Vol 111 ◽  
pp. 06041
Author(s):  
Yoshihito Kurazumi ◽  
Emi Kondo ◽  
Kenta Fukagawa ◽  
Yoshiaki Yamato ◽  
Kunihito Tobita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
Outdoor Environment ◽  
Psychological Responses ◽  
Bare Ground ◽  
Indoor Space ◽  
Green Areas ◽  
Outdoor Space ◽  
The Relationship

The purpose of this paper is to clarify the relationship between the physiological and psychological responses of the human body and the outdoor environment evaluation index ETFe (enhanced conductioncorrected modified effective temperature). The experiments were carried out in summer. For the measurements, observation points were selected with consideration for the condition of the ground surface such as bare ground where the surface is gravel or soil; paved ground such as concrete, asphalt or blocks; green areas covered in plants and water surfaces and with consideration for the condition of the sky factor due to buildings or trees. 19 observation points were chosen. Subjects were 38 healthy young. ETFe that was considered to report neither hot nor cold, thermally neutral sensation, was 30.6°C. ETFe that was considered to report neither comfortable nor uncomfortable comfort was 35.5°C. It was considered that the threshold for the human body with regards to thermal environment stimuli in an outdoor space is higher than the thermal environment stimuli in a summer indoor space.

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