scholarly journals Studies on macromorphological taxonomic variations in Abutilon species of Indian Thar Desert

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1929
Author(s):  
Ilham Bano ◽  
Deora G.S.
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Shape ◽  
Thar Desert ◽  
Fruit Colour ◽  
Seed Structure ◽  
Morphological Variations ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Size Number ◽  
Flower Diameter ◽  
Important Medicinal Plant ◽  
Shape And Size

Abutilon is an important medicinal plant. Its various plant parts such as leaves, flowers, fruits and seeds were used to treat various diseases and ailments from the ancient time. Present work deals with the investigation of three species of Abutilonviz. Abutilon indicum, Abutilon pannosumand Abutilon ramosum with a view to study macro morphological variations and to identify a set of diagnostic characters for individual Abutilon species. Distinct variations exist in stem surface and colour, leaf shape and size, flower diameter, fruit colour, shape and size, number of mericarps per fruit and seed structure. All these macromorphological variations were helpful in identification and delineation of the plant species.

scholarly journals QUANTIFICATION OF MAJOR PHYTOCHEMICALS OF SWERTIA CHIRAYITA, A MEDICINAL PLANT FROM NEPAL

1970 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 59-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanna Phoboo ◽  
Marcia Da Silva Pinto ◽  
Prasanta C. Bhowmik ◽  
Pramod Kumar Jha ◽  
Kalidas Shetty
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Swertia Chirayita ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Central Nepal ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cultivated Plant ◽  
Array Detection ◽  
Important Medicinal Plant

Swertia chirayita is an important medicinal plant from Nepal with anti-diabetic, anti-pyretic, anti-malarial and anti-inflammatory potential and used in therapeutic herbal preparations in parts of South Asia. The main phytochemicals in crude aqueous and ethanolic extracts of different plant parts of Swertia chirayita collected from nine different districts of Nepal representing West, East and Central Nepal were quantified using HPLC/DAD (High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Diode Array Detection). The quantities of these phytochemicals were also compared between wild and cultivated plant parts of Swertia chirayita. Amarogentin, mangiferin, swertiamarin were the main phytochemicals in all extracts. The highest quantity of all the three phytochemicals was found in IL (inflorescence and leaf mixture) of all the collected plants samples. There was no significant difference in the amounts of these three phytochemicals between extracts from wild and cultivated plants. The result from this study substantiates the validity of cultivated Swertia chirayita for medicinal purposes and trade.Key words:  Swertia chirayita; HPLC/DAD; Wild; Cultivated; Phytochemicals; Quantification; Mangiferin; Swertiamarin; AmarogentinDOI: 10.3126/eco.v17i0.4118EcoprintAn International Journal of EcologyVol. 17, 2010Page: 59-68Uploaded date: 3 January, 2011

scholarly journals HETEROMORPHA ARBORESCENS: A REVIEW OF ITS BOTANY, MEDICINAL USES, AND PHARMACOLOGICAL PROPERTIES

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfred Maroyi
Keyword(s):  
Journal Articles ◽  
Medicinal Uses ◽  
Respiratory Problems ◽  
Scientific Databases ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Phytochemical Compounds ◽  
Intestinal Worms ◽  
The University ◽  
Conference Papers ◽  
Important Medicinal Plant

Heteromorpha arborescens is an important medicinal plant species throughout its distributional range in tropical Africa. This study evaluated the botany, medicinal uses, and pharmacological activities of H. arborescens. Literature focusing on the botany, phytochemical, pharmacological, and toxicological properties of H. arborescens were obtained from scientific databases such as SCOPUS, Science Direct, PubMed, SciFinder, Medline, and Google Scholar. Pre-electronic literature sources such as book chapters, books, journal articles, conference papers, and other scientific documents were obtained from the University library. Literature search revealed that H. arborescens is used as an aphrodisiac, as herbal medicine for shortness of breath, intestinal worms, inflammation, pain, respiratory problems, skin infections, headache, fever, and malaria. Pharmacological studies of compounds and H. arborescens extracts revealed anthelmintic, antiarthritic, antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antimycobacterial, antinociceptive, antioxidant, antipeptic ulcer, anti-scabies, antispasmodic, antiviral, cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, and uterotonic activities. More detailed research is needed aimed at assessing phytochemical, pharmacological, and toxicological properties of different plant parts and phytochemical compounds isolated from the species.

scholarly journals Ceropegia jinshaensis (Apocynaceae), a new species from northwestern Yunnan, China

PhytoKeys ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 130 ◽  
pp. 41-48
Author(s):  
Zhi-Kun Wu ◽  
Jie Cai ◽  
Lei Cai ◽  
De-Tuan Liu
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Yangtze River ◽  
Leaf Shape ◽  
Corolla Tube ◽  
Upper Yangtze River ◽  
The Upper Yangtze River ◽  
A New Species ◽  
Northwestern Yunnan ◽  
Shape And Size

Ceropegia jinshaensis D.T.Liu & Z.K.Wu (Asclepiadoideae, Apocynaceae), a new species from northwestern Yunnan along the upper Yangtze river of China, is described and illustrated. This species is similar to C. meleagris H. Huber, C. dorjei C. E. C. Fischer and C. aridicola W. W. Smith, but can be distinguished easily by its leaf shape and floral features, especially the corolla shape and size, the interior of corolla tube and coronal characters.

scholarly journals The significance of shared leaf shape in Alseuosmia pusilla and Pseudowintera colorata

Botany ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 94 (7) ◽  
pp. 555-564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl G. Yager ◽  
H. Martin Schaefer ◽  
Kevin S. Gould
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Variation ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Altitudinal Gradient ◽  
Leaf Shape ◽  
Sympatric Species ◽  
Spatially Explicit ◽  
Shape Variation ◽  
Geometric Morphometric ◽  
Leaf Characteristics ◽  
Shape And Size

Leaf shape, size, and colour are used by herbivores to identify sources of palatable foliage for food. It is possible, therefore, that an undefended plant might gain protection from herbivores by matching leaf characteristics of a chemically defended species. We demonstrate the use of a geometric morphometric approach to quantify spatial variation in leaf shape and size across populations of Pseudowintera colorata (Raoul) Dandy, and a putative Batesian mimic, Alseuosmia pusilla (Colenso) A. Cunningham. These are unrelated, sympatric species that, to the human eye, bear strikingly similar foliage. Using the Cartesian coordinates of leaf margins as descriptors of leaf shape, we found that in the chemically defended P. colorata, leaves were morphologically distinct from all of the neighbouring species except for the undefended A. pusilla. Alseuosmia pusilla individuals were more similar to neighbouring than to distant P. colorata, and 90% of leaf shape variation in the two species varied similarly across an altitudinal gradient. The data are consistent with Batesian mimicry, wherein the conspicuous characteristic of a defended model is replicated by an undefended mimic across its entire growing range. Our study provides the first detailed and powerful quantitative leaf shape evidence of leaf shape being matched between an undefended plant species to a chemically defended unrelated species across a shared growing range, and highlights the importance of using a spatially explicit morphometric method when investigating leaf shape, especially in relation to plant mimicry.

A new species of Centaurea (Asteraceae) from East Anatolia, Turkey

Phytotaxa ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 247 (1) ◽  
pp. 85 ◽  
Author(s):  
ŞÜKRAN KÜLTÜR ◽  
MEHMET BONA ◽  
EBRU ÖZDEMİR NATH
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Leaf Shape ◽  
Cauline Leaf ◽  
East Anatolia ◽  
A New Species ◽  
Shape And Size

Centaurea malatyensis Ş. Kültür & M. Bona sp. nova (Asteraceae) is described as new to science from East Anatolia (B6: Malatya: Turkey). It is morphologically similar to C. leptophylla but differs mainly in its stem, basal and cauline leaf shape and size, achene, pappus and phyllary appendages. The geographical distribution of the new species and its relatives is mapped. The ecology and conservation status of the new species is also presented. Micromorphological structures of achenes of C. malatyensis and C. leptophylla are examined by SEM.

Verbascum seydisehirense (Scrophulariaceae), a new species from Konya, Central Turkey

Phytotaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 450 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-236
Author(s):  
DENİZ ULUKUŞ ◽  
OSMAN TUGAY ◽  
COŞKUN SAĞLAM
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Seed Coat ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Leaf Shape ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Central Anatolia ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
Central Turkey ◽  
A New Species ◽  
Shape And Size

Verbascum seydisehirense (Scrophulariaceae), endemic to the Konya region of Central Anatolia, is described as new species based on the plant’s morphological features. The new species is morphologically similar to Verbascum phrygium, but it differs from it for basal leaf shape, calyx size, corolla size, corolla indumentum and glands, and capsule shape and size. In this study, a detailed description, illustration, distribution map, conservation status and ecology of the new species are provided. Additionally, the study looks in detail at pollen grains and seed coat ornamentation of Verbascum seydisehirense and includes SEM micrographs.

MEMECYLON WAYANADENSE (MELASTOMATACEAE), A NEW SPECIES FROM THE WESTERN GHATS, INDIA

2012 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 371-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Sivu ◽  
M. K. Ratheesh Narayanan ◽  
N. S. Pradeep ◽  
N. Anil Kumar ◽  
A. G. Pandurangan
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Western Ghats ◽  
Leaf Shape ◽  
The Western Ghats ◽  
A New Species ◽  
Inflorescence Type ◽  
Shape And Size

Memecylon wayanadense Ratheesh, Sivu & Pradeep, a new species of Melastomataceae from the Wayanad forests of Kerala, India, is described and illustrated. The new species is allied to Memecylon angustifolium, M. rivulare and M. sivadasanii but differs in habit, leaf shape, sclereid type, inflorescence type and position, and the shape and size of the sepals and petals. An UPGMA analysis of 20 RAPD primers resulted in two major clusters with Memecylon sivadasanii in one cluster and M. rivulare, M. angustifolium and M. wayanadense in the second cluster. Memecylon wayanadense forms a subgroup within the second cluster.

ANALYTICAL METHODS OF DENTAL ANTHROPOLOGY & FORENSIC ODONTOLOGY –AN OVERVIEW

2021 ◽  
pp. 190-199
Author(s):  
Sonalee Shah ◽  
Amit Wasti
Keyword(s):  
Forensic Odontology ◽  
Modern Human ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Developmental Stress ◽  
Dental Anthropology ◽  
Morphological Variations ◽  
Size Number ◽  
Occlusal Surfaces ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Innovative Techniques

Dental Anthropology is a scientic discipline, which deals with studies of sexual dimorphism, paleodemography, oral evolutionary trends, paleodiet, biodistance and paleopathology through the analysis & comparison of the dentition of extinct and modern human populations by the study of Non-metric morphological variations (dental morphological features) and metric morphological trends of the dentition of human populations over time (prehistoric and modern) and space impact (ie.ethnic inuences) on them along-with their relation to the processes of adaptation and diet changes that contributed to the evolution of the current dental system and thereby the human race.(1,3,5) Teeth exhibit a wide array of variables, ranging from those largely controlled by genes to those largely dictated by environment. Anthropological questions focusing on teeth therefore, include issues of population origins and population relationships using information on (tooth morphology, size, number), diet and behavior (attrition, crown chipping, tooth-tool use), health (caries, abscesses, periodontal disease, calculus), and developmental stress (hypoplasia, asymmetry).Traits showing a wider distribution and higher frequency suggest a more ancient origin. (7) Apart from classical methods in this eld, many innovative techniques such as extraction of ancient DNA (aDNA), trace element and stable isotope analyses methods are used . Also, the analysis of development of microwear and confocal analyses of occlusal surfaces of teeth is done for documenting tooth use and masticatory function. Dental anthropologists and forensic odontologists can thus, together decipher problems associated with craniofacial identication & can also collaborate in museum model reconstructions out of skull bones for Forensic Facial Approximation.

scholarly journals Devastated Crops: Multifunctional Efficacy for the Production of Nanoparticles

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Madhumitha ◽  
Selvaraj Mohana Roopan
Keyword(s):  
Metal Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Toxic Chemicals ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Nanoparticles Synthesis ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Specific Shape ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Biological Methods ◽  
Shape And Size

Integration of green chemistry principles to nanotechnology is one of the key issues in nanoscience research. Biological methods were used to synthesize metal and metal oxide nanoparticles of specific shape and size since they enhance the properties of nanoparticles in greener route. Plant-mediated methods devoid the use of toxic chemicals in the synthetic protocols which has adverse effects on the environment. Owing to the rich biodiversity of plants and their potential secondary constituents, plants and plant parts have gained attention in recent years as medium for nanoparticles' synthesis. In this review, we present the current status of nanoparticles synthesis using devastated crops.

Leaf heteroblasty in eucalypts: biogeographic evidence of ecological function

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolyn Vlasveld ◽  
Benjamin O'Leary ◽  
Frank Udovicic ◽  
Martin Burd
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Leaf Shape ◽  
Eucalyptus Species ◽  
Canopy Closure ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Leaf Mass ◽  
Adult Leaf ◽  
Shape And Size

Leaves that develop on seedlings, young saplings or regenerative shoots of many eucalypt species are strikingly different in morphology from the typical leaves of more mature plants; a developmental pattern known as heteroblasty. We measured dimorphism between juvenile and adult leaves in shape and size, leaf mass per unit area, and vein frequency in a continent-wide sample of Angophora, Corymbia and Eucalyptus species. We tested whether heteroblasty in this group is an adaptation to shading by comparing the degree of juvenile–adult leaf dimorphism with the canopy closure (measured by the leaf area index) of the habitat in which species occurred. No pattern emerged for heteroblasty in leaf shape and size or leaf mass per unit area, but there was a significant relationship (accounting for phylogenetic relationships) between the degree of juvenile–adult dimorphism in vein frequency and habitat leaf area index. Juvenile leaves tended to have more widely spaced veins than adult leaves of the same species, in regions with more closed vegetative canopies. This evidence suggests that eucalypt heteroblasty is, at least in part, a hydraulic adaptation to the different conditions faced by younger and older plants in higher productivity regions with denser vegetation.

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