Effects of Substrate and Oxygen Loading Rates on Gas-Phase Toluene Removal in a Three-Phase Biofilm Reactor

2002 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 288-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haibo Yu ◽  
Byung J. Kim ◽  
Bruce E. Rittmann
Keyword(s):  
Gas Phase ◽  
Biofilm Reactor ◽  
Loading Rates ◽  
Toluene Removal ◽  
Three Phase

Performance of a biofilter with compost and activated carbon based packing material for gas-phase toluene removal under extremely high loading rates

2019 ◽  
Vol 285 ◽  
pp. 121317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Munna Kumar ◽  
Balendu Shekher Giri ◽  
Ki-Hyun Kim ◽  
Rajendra Prasad Singh ◽  
Eldon R. Rene ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Gas Phase ◽  
Packing Material ◽  
High Loading ◽  
Loading Rates ◽  
Toluene Removal ◽  
Carbon Based

Anaerobic Thermophilic (55°C) Treatment of TMP Whitewater in Reactors Based on Biomass Attachment and Entrapment

1999 ◽  
Vol 40 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 67-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sigrun J. Jahren ◽  
Jukka A. Rintala ◽  
Hallvard Ødegaard
Keyword(s):  
Granular Sludge ◽  
Biofilm Reactor ◽  
Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Hybrid Reactor ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Loading Rates ◽  
Anaerobic Reactors ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Degradation Rates ◽  
Thermomechanical Pulping

Thermomechanical pulping (TMP) whitewater was treated in thermophilic (55°C) anaerobic laboratory-scale reactors using three different reactor configurations. In all reactors up to 70% COD removals were achieved. The anaerobic hybrid reactor, composed of an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) and a filter, gave degradation rates up to 10 kg COD/m3d at loading rates of 15 kg COD/m3d and hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 3.1 hours. The anaerobic multi-stage reactor, consisting of three compartments, each packed with granular sludge and carrier elements, gave degradation rates up to 9 kg COD/m3d at loading rates of 15-16 kg COD/m3d, and HRT down to 2.6 hours. Clogging and short circuiting eventually became a problem in the multi-stage reactor, probably caused by too high packing of the carriers. The anaerobic moving bed biofilm reactor performed similar to the other reactors at loading rates below 1.4 kg COD/m3d, which was the highest loading rate applied. The use of carriers in the anaerobic reactors allowed short HRT with good treatment efficiencies for TMP whitewater.

Study of Biofilm and Fluidization of Bioparticles in a Three-Phase Liquid-Fluidized-Bed Reactor

1991 ◽  
Vol 23 (7-9) ◽  
pp. 1347-1354 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Trinet ◽  
R. Heim ◽  
D. Amar ◽  
H. T. Chang ◽  
B. E. Rittmann
Keyword(s):  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Liquid Velocity ◽  
Substrate Surface ◽  
Biofilm Reactor ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Polysaccharide Content ◽  
High Particle ◽  
Air Turbulence ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
Phase Liquid

A three-phase, liquid-fluidized-bed biofilm reactor was operated over wide ranges of liquid velocity, air velocity, medium concentration, and substrate surface loading. The biofilm characteristics (total colonization, polysaccharide content, density, and thickness) and the specific detachment coefficient (bs) were determined by a combination of experimental measurements and a hydrodynamic model. The results demonstrated that dense and thin biofilms were induced by the physical condition of high particle-to-particle contacts and high liquid turbulence. The biofilm's polysaccharide content was increased by increased air turbulence and a low substrate availability. The specific detachment coefficient, bs, was strongly correlated to the concentration of the medium (negatively) and the polysaccharide content (positively). Overall, the bs can be controlled significantly by the gas and liquid velocities; increasing either velocity tends to increase bs.

Activity, structure, and stratification of membrane-attached methanotrophic biofilms cometabolically degrading trichloroethylene

1999 ◽  
Vol 39 (7) ◽  
pp. 153-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee W. Clapp ◽  
John M. Regan ◽  
Firdaus Ali ◽  
Jack D. Newman ◽  
Jae K. Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Pure Culture ◽  
Competitive Inhibition ◽  
Biofilm Reactor ◽  
Utilization Rate ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Loading Rates ◽  
Activity Structure ◽  
Serine Pathway ◽  
Biofilm Development

A membrane-attached methanotrophic biofilm reactor was developed for the cometabolic degradation of trichloroethylene (TCE). In this reactor, CH4 and O2 are supplied to the interior of the biofilm through the membrane, while TCE-contaminated water is supplied to the exterior, creating a “counter-diffusional” effect that minimizes competitive inhibition between TCE and CH4. In addition, this novel design provides 100% CH4 and O2 transfer efficiencies, promotes the development of a thick biofilm, and minimizes the negative effects of TCE byproduct toxicity. The reactor sustained 80-90% TCE removals at TCE loading rates ranging from 100-320 μmol/m2/d. Chloride mass balances demonstrated that 60-80% of the TCE removed was mineralized. The maximum TCE transformation yield was 1.8 mmol of TCE removed per mole of CH4 utilized, although higher transformation yields are expected at higher TCE loading rates. The CH4 utilization rate was 0.20 mol/m2/d. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed a dense biofilm with a thickness of at least 400 μm. SEM and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analyses indicated that the “holdfast” material associated with rosette formation in planktonic Methylosinus trichosporium OB3b (M.t. OB3b) cells might also contribute to pure-culture biofilm development. In addition, fimbriae-like structures not commonly associated with methanotrophic bacteria were observed in pure-culture M.t. OB3b biofilms. Finally, fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) analyses showed the presence of discrete microcolonies of serine-pathway methanotrophs within mixed-culture biofilms.

Experimental and Numerical Modeling of Three-Phase Flow Under High-Pressure Air Injection

2010 ◽  
Vol 13 (05) ◽  
pp. 782-790 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Niz-Velásquez ◽  
R.G.. G. Moore ◽  
K.C.. C. van Fraassen ◽  
S.A.. A. Mehta ◽  
M.G.. G. Ursenbach
Keyword(s):  
Gas Phase ◽  
History Matching ◽  
Air Injection ◽  
Phase Flow ◽  
Liquid Saturation ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
Early Increase ◽  
Three Phase Flow ◽  
Ct Test

Summary In this paper, an improved characterization of three-phase flow under high-pressure-air-injection (HPAI) conditions was achieved on the basis of experimental results and numerical reservoir simulation. A three-phase coreflood experiment was conducted at reservoir conditions, using 37°API stock-tank oil, an 84% nitrogen and 16% carbon dioxide flue-gas mixture, and 3% potassium chloride brine. The aim of the test was to evaluate the effects that the highly liquid-saturated front produced by the thermal reactions has on the mobility of each phase. Departing from connate-water saturation and reservoir pressure and temperature, sequential injection of water, gas, and oil was carried out, followed by a final gasflood to residual liquid saturation. Other two- and three-phase tests performed on this rock specimen were published elsewhere (Niz-Velásquez et al. 2009). Numerical history matching was employed to determine oil/water and liquid/gas relative permeability (kr) curves for both imbibition and drainage cases. A combustion-tube (CT) test was simulated using conventional kr curves and a set that included hysteresis. The degree of hysteresis observed during the coreflood test was maintained for the CT simulation. History matching of the coreflood showed that kr to the gas phase is much smaller during liquid reimbibition than during drainage. The use of gas-phase hysteresis for the CT test allows for a better matching of liquid volumes and pressure drop. Analysis of the simulated data suggests that the reduction in gas-phase mobility encourages an early increase in the oil rate, which is more consistent with experimental data than what is predicted by a model with conventional kr. The analysis also reveals that water distilled below the saturated steam temperature plays an important role in the increase of liquid saturation and oil mobilization. The improved characterization of relative permeability considering gas-phase hysteresis for simulating HPAI enhances the predictive capability of available commercial simulators, providing a more certain method to evaluate the technical and economical feasibility of a project. The ability to predict an early increase in oil rate, consistent with experimental observations, results in improved economics for the project.

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