Of: Sorption Media for Stormwater Treatment—A Laboratory Evaluation of Five Low-Cost Media for Their Ability to Remove Metals and Phosphorus from Artificial Stormwater

2013 ◽  
Vol 85 (9) ◽  
pp. 863-864
Author(s):  
William P. Minervini
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Laboratory Evaluation ◽  
Stormwater Treatment ◽  
Sorption Media

Sorption Media for Stormwater Treatment—A Laboratory Evaluation of Five Low-Cost Media for Their Ability to Remove Metals and Phosphorus from Artificial Stormwater

2012 ◽  
Vol 84 (7) ◽  
pp. 605-616 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tove Wium-Andersen ◽  
Asbjørn H Nielsen ◽  
Thorkild Hvitved-Jacobsen ◽  
Niels Krogh Kristensen ◽  
Hans Brix ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Laboratory Evaluation ◽  
Stormwater Treatment ◽  
Sorption Media

scholarly journals Biochar from Waste Derived Fuels as Low-Cost Adsorbent for Waste Hydrocarbons

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 174-187
Author(s):  
Dmitrijs Porsnovs ◽  
Linda Ansone-Bertina ◽  
Jorens Kviesis ◽  
Dace Âriņa ◽  
Maris Klavins
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Approach ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Oily Wastewater ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Sorption Behaviour ◽  
Refuse Derived Fuel ◽  
Washing Process ◽  
Oily Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Refuse Derived Fuels ◽  
Sorption Media

AbstractThe aim of this study is to prove technical feasibility of combined refuse derived fuel (RDF) torrefaction and oily wastewater treatment approach by using RDF derived biochar as a sorption media. Biochars prepared from refuse derived fuels in torrefaction, carbonization and pyrolysis modes were analysed as fuels and as hydrocarbon sorbents. Changes of elemental composition and properties of material during thermal treatment and subsequent washing process have been analysed. Experimental evaluation of sorption behaviour of toluene and diesel fuel on obtained biochar performed. Our results show that torrefaction/carbonization of RDF coupled with the subsequent washing of biochar is a method allowing to overcome absolute majority of the quality problems of waste derived fuels, including the most important one: high chlorine content. In spite the fact that optimal temperatures for upgrading waste derived fuels and to produce high quality sorbent does not coincide, technically it is possible to combine the washing of torrefied/carbonized waste derived fuels with the treatment of wastewaters that are polluted with oils or hydrocarbons.

scholarly journals Laboratory evaluation of a low-cost, real-time, aerosol multi-sensor

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 559-567 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Vercellino ◽  
Darrah K. Sleeth ◽  
Rodney G. Handy ◽  
Kyeong T. Min ◽  
Scott C. Collingwood
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Laboratory Evaluation

scholarly journals 2504. Laboratory Evaluation of HIV-1 Viral Load Pooling with Marker-Assisted Deconvolution

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. S868-S868
Author(s):  
Sabina Holland ◽  
Allison DeLong ◽  
Tao Liu ◽  
Anna Makaretz ◽  
Mia Coetzer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Virologic Failure ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Clinical Information ◽  
Laboratory Evaluation ◽  
Clinical Markers ◽  
First Line Therapy ◽  
Resource Limited ◽  
Hiv 1

Abstract Background Cost still limits HIV-1 viral load (VL) routine monitoring in resource limited settings (RLS), preventing early detection of virologic failure (VF). Pooled VL testing reduces cost over individual testing (IND). We previously showed in simulation, that additional cost benefits over previously-used pooling deconvolution algorithms can be achieved by using low-cost, routinely-collected clinical markers to determine the order for VL testing in deconvolution (termed marker-assisted minipool plus algorithm; mMPA). This algorithm has not been assessed in-vitro. Methods 150 samples from 99 Ghanaian adults with HIV on first-line therapy (VF 17%; CD4-VL correlation −0.35) were used to construct 30, 5-sample pools: n = 10 with 0, n = 5 with 1, and n = 15 with 2 individuals with VF. VL testing was with Abbott M2000. Accuracy, number of tests and rounds of testing to deconvolute pools were estimated using four strategies: (1) IND; (2) Minipooling (MP); (3) Minipooling with algorithm (MPA); and (4) mMPA. Results Compared with IND, MP and MPA, mMPA reduced total number of tests per pool needed to ascertain VF: MP average 4.3 (95% confidence interval (CI) 3.5–5.2, p> 0.05), MPA 3.0 (95% CI 2.4–3.5, P < 0.001), and mMPA 2.5 (CI 2.0–3.0, P < 0.001). Compared with MP and MPA, mMPA further reduced VL tests by 42% (1.9 tests/pool, CI 1.3–2.4, P < 0.001) and 17% (0.5, CI 0.2–0.8, p = 0.004); and required fewer testing rounds than MPA by 17% (P < 0.01), thus producing results quicker. IND and MP had 100% sensitivity and specificity. MPA and mMPA had similar sensitivity of 96.1% (MPA CI 90.7–100%; mMPA CI 88.0–100.0%) and specificity of 99.5% and 99.2% (98.5–100.0% for MPA and 97.5–100.0% for mMPA). Specifically, 3/150 samples were misclassified with MPA and mMPA: one suppression as VF, and two VF as suppressed. Conclusion Laboratory evaluation confirms that deconvolution using mMPA with CD4 or other routinely-collected clinical information as low-cost biomarkers reduces the number of VL assays required to identify VF in a setting with a low prevalence of VF. Implementation of pooled VL testing using mMPA for deconvolution may increase the availability of VL monitoring in RLS. Work is ongoing to reduce complexity and misclassification, required prior to widespread implementation. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

Laboratory Evaluation of Low-Cost Wearable Sensors for Measuring Head Impacts in Sports

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 320-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abigail M. Tyson ◽  
Stefan M. Duma ◽  
Steven Rowson
Keyword(s):  
Short Duration ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Wearable Sensors ◽  
Sampling Rate ◽  
Sensor Technology ◽  
Laboratory Evaluation ◽  
Head Impacts ◽  
Hybrid Iii

Advances in low-cost wearable head impact sensor technology provide potential benefits regarding sports safety for both consumers and researchers. However, previous laboratory evaluations are not directly comparable and do not incorporate test conditions representative of unhelmeted impacts. This study addresses those limitations. The xPatch by X2 Biosystems and the SIM-G by Triax Technologies were placed on a National Operating Committee on Standards for Athletic Equipment (NOCSAE) headform with a Hybrid III neck which underwent impact tests using a pendulum. Impact conditions included helmeted, padded impactor to bare head, and rigid impactor to bare head to represent long- and short-duration impacts seen in helmeted and unhelmeted sports. The wearable sensors were evaluated on their kinematic accuracy by comparing results to reference sensors located at the headform center of gravity. Statistical tests for equivalence were performed on the slope of the linear regression between wearable sensors and reference. The xPatch gave equivalent measurements to the reference in select longer-duration impacts, whereas the SIM-G had large variance leading to no equivalence. For the short-duration impacts, both wearable sensors underpredicted the reference. This error can be improved with increases in sampling rate from 1 to 1.5 kHz. Follow-up evaluations should be performed on the field to identify error in vivo.

scholarly journals Use of Natural Sorbent for Stormwater Treatment

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Valentukevičienė ◽  
Maryam Ebrahimian Najafabadi
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Additional Treatment ◽  
Acorus Calamus ◽  
Stormwater Treatment ◽  
Natural Sorbent ◽  
Natural Sorbents ◽  
Treatment Processes

Stormwater runoff is an important avenue for pollutant transport from impermeable surfaces to surface waters. Consequently, stormwater pollutions require additional treatment processes to achieve water quality goals. Natural sorbents have been demanded and studied for using in water treatment because of their low cost and safety. In this study the use of Acorus Calamus, row Hemp, and procedure Hemp in stormwater treatment was investigated. Results of study in all sorbents with different concentrations and dosage indicated high efficiency to reduce pH. The use of Acorus Calamus for Turbidity, Phosphorus, conductivity and colour resulted increasing amount in different Dosage. In another experiments, using row Hemp, procedure Hemp and Linseed as natural sorbents indicated high efficiency to reduce turbidity of stormwater. Also it is obtained that procedure Hemp has high efficiency to reduce conductivity of stormwater.

scholarly journals Laboratory evaluation of particle size-selectivity of optical low-cost particulate matter sensors

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel Kuula ◽  
Timo Mäkelä ◽  
Minna Aurela ◽  
Kimmo Teinilä ◽  
Samu Varjonen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Laboratory Evaluation ◽  
Source Analysis ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Size Selectivity ◽  
Monodisperse Particles ◽  
Aerosol Generation ◽  
On Line

Abstract. Low-cost particulate matter sensors (PM) have been under investigation due to their prospective nature regarding spatial extension of measurement coverage. While majority of the existing literature highlights that low-cost sensors can be useful in achieving this goal, it is often reminded that the risk of sensor misuse is still high, and that the data obtained from the sensors is only representative of the specific site and its ambient conditions. This implies that there are underlying reasons yet to be characterized which are causing inaccuracies in sensor measurements. The objective of this study was to investigate the particle size-selectivity of low-cost sensors. Evaluated sensors were Plantower PMS5003, Nova SDS011, Sensirion SPS30, Sharp GP2Y1010AU0F, Shinyei PPD42NS, and Omron B5W-ld0101. The investigation of size-selectivity was carried out in laboratory using a novel reference aerosol generation system capable of steadily producing monodisperse particles of different sizes on-line. The results of the study showed that none of the low-cost sensors adhered exactly to the detection ranges declared by the manufacturers, and moreover, cursory comparison to a mid-cost aerosol spectrometer (GRIMM 1.108) indicated that the sensors could only achieve independent responses for 1–2 size bins whereas the spectrometer could sufficiently characterize particles with 15 different size bins. These observations provide insight and evidence to the notion that particle size-selectivity may have an essential role in the error source analysis of sensors.

scholarly journals Evaluation and Application of a Novel Low-Cost Wearable Sensing Device in Assessing Real-Time PM2.5 Exposure in Major Asian Transportation Modes

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 270
Author(s):  
Wen-Cheng Vincent Wang ◽  
Shih-Chun Candice Lung ◽  
Chun-Hu Liu ◽  
Tzu-Yao Julia Wen ◽  
Shu-Chuan Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Mean Absolute Error ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Absolute Error ◽  
Laboratory Evaluation ◽  
Sensing System ◽  
Transportation Modes ◽  
Pm2.5 Exposure ◽  
Device Location

Small low-cost sensing (LCS) devices enable assessment of close-to-reality PM2.5 exposures, though their data quality remains a challenge. This work evaluates the precision, accuracy, wearability and stability of a wearable particle LCS device, Location-Aware Sensing System (LASS, with Plantower PMS3003), which is 104 × 66 × 46 mm3 in size and less than 162 g in weight. Real-time particulate matter (PM) exposures in six major Asian transportation modes were assessed. Side-by-side laboratory evaluation of PM2.5 between a GRIMM aerosol spectrometer and sensors yielded a correlation of 0.98 and a mean absolute error of 0.85 µg/m3. LASS readings collected in the summer of 2016 in Taiwan were converted to GRIMM-comparable values. Mean PM2.5 concentrations obtained from GRIMM and converted LASS values of the six different transportation microenvironments were 16.9 ± 11.7 (n = 1774) and 17.0 ± 9.5 (n = 3399) µg/m3, respectively, showing a correlation of 0.93. The average one-hour PM2.5 exposure increments (concentration increase above ambient levels) from converted LASS values for Mass Rapid Transit (MRT), bus, car, scooter, bike and walk were 15.6, 6.7, −19.2, 8.1, 6.1 and 7.1 µg/m3, respectively, very close to those obtained from GRIMM. This work is one of the earliest studies applying wearable particulate matter (PM) LCS devices in exposure assessment in different transportation modes.

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