Local Kc constructions

2007 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 721-737 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Steel
Keyword(s):  
Final Model ◽  
Strong Cardinal ◽  
Know How ◽  
Iteration Trees ◽  
Strong Cardinals

The full-background-extender Kc -construction of [2] has the property that, if it does not break down and produces a final model , thenΉ is Woodin in V ⇒ Ή is Woodin in ,for all Ή. It is natural to ask whetherκ is strong in V ⇒ κ is λ-strong in ,for all κ, or even better,κ is λ-strong in V ⇒ κ is λ-strong in .As one might suspect, the more useful answer would be “yes”.For the Kc-construction of [2], this question is open. The problem is that the construction of [2] is not local: because of the full-background-extender demand, it may produce mice projecting to ρ at stages much greater than ρ. Because of this, there is no reason to believe that if E is a λ-strong extender of V, then The natural proof only gives that if κ is Σ2-strong, then Σ, is strong in .We do not know how to get started on this question, and suspect that in fact strong cardinals in V may fail to be strong in , if is the output of the construction of [2]. Therefore, we shall look for a modification of the construction of [2]. One might ask for a construction with output such that(1) iteration trees on can be lifted to iteration trees on V,(2) ∀δ(δ is Woodin ⇒ δ is Woodin in ), and(3) (a) ↾κ(κ is a strong cardinal ⇒ κ is strong in ), and (b) ↾κ↾λ(Lim(λ) Λ κ is λ-strong ⇒ κ is λ-strong in ).

scholarly journals Laver sequences for extendible and super-almost-huge cardinals

1999 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 963-983 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Corazza
Keyword(s):  
Critical Point ◽  
Upper Bound ◽  
Large Cardinal ◽  
Strong Cardinal ◽  
Regular Class ◽  
Strong Cardinals ◽  
Extendible Cardinals

AbstractVersions of Laver sequences are known to exist for supercompact and strong cardinals. Assuming very strong axioms of infinity, Laver sequences can be constructed for virtually any globally defined large cardinal not weaker than a strong cardinal; indeed, under strong hypotheses. Laver sequences can be constructed for virtually any regular class of embeddings. We show here that if there is a regular class of embeddings with critical point κ, and there is an inaccessible above κ, then it is consistent for there to be a regular class that admits no Laver sequence. We also show that extendible cardinals are Laver-generating, i.e., that assuming only that κ is extendible, there is an extendible Laver sequence at κ. We use the method of proof to answer a question about Laver-closure of extendible cardinals at inaccessibles. Finally, we consider Laver sequences for super-almost-huge cardinals. Assuming slightly more than super-almost-hugeness, we show that there are super-almost-huge Laver sequences, improving the previously known upper bound for such Laver sequences. We also describe conditions under which the canonical construction of a Laver sequence fails for super-almost-huge cardinals.

scholarly journals Determinacy in strong cardinal models

2011 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 719-728
Author(s):  
P. D. Welch
Keyword(s):  
Strong Cardinal ◽  
Inner Models ◽  
Inner Model ◽  
Strong Cardinals

AbstractWe give limits defined in terms of abstract pointclasses of the amount of determinacy available in certain canonical inner models involving strong cardinals. We show for example:Theorem A. Det(-IND) ⇒ there exists an inner model with a strong cardinal.Theorem B. Det(AQI) ⇒ there exist type-l mice and hence inner models with proper classes of strong cardinals.where -IND(AQI) is the pointclass of boldface -inductive (respectively arithmetically quasi-inductive) sets of reals.

Between strong and superstrong

1986 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 547-559 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stewart Baldwin
Keyword(s):  
Critical Point ◽  
Large Cardinals ◽  
Large Cardinal ◽  
Elementary Embedding ◽  
Proper Class ◽  
Consistency Strength ◽  
Strong Cardinal ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Strong Cardinals

Definition. A cardinal κ is strong iff for every x there is an elementary embedding j:V → M with critical point κ such that x ∈ M.κ is superstrong iff ∃j:V → M with critical point κ such that Vj(κ) ∈ M.These definitions are natural weakenings of supercompactness and hugeness respectively and display some of the same relations. For example, if κ is superstrong then Vκ ⊨ “∃ proper class of strong cardinals”, but the smallest superstrong cardinal is less than the smallest strong cardinal (if both types exist). (See [SRK] and [Mo] for the arguments involving supercompact and huge, which translate routinely to strong and superstrong.)Given any two types of large cardinals, a typical vague question which is often asked is “How large is the gap in consistency strength?” In one sense the gap might be considered relatively small, since the “higher degree” strong cardinals described below (a standard trick that is nearly always available) and the Shelah and Woodin hierarchies of cardinals (see [St] for a definition of these) seem to be (at least at this point in time) the only “natural” large cardinal properties lying between strong cardinals and superstrong cardinals in consistency strength.

Beam-radiation effects on wool in the ESEM

1986 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 674-675
Author(s):  
G.D. Danilatos
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Radiation Effects ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Beam Radiation ◽  
Liquid Environment ◽  
Know How ◽  
Environmental Sem

The advent of the environmental SEM (ESEM) has made possible the examination of uncoated and untreated specimen surfaces in the presence of a gaseous or liquid environment. However, the question arises as to what degree the examined surface remains unaffected by the action of the electron beam. It is reasonable to assume that the beam invariably affects all specimens but the type and degree of effect may be totally unimportant for one class of applications and totally unacceptable for another; yet, for a third class, it is imperative to know how our observations are modified by the presence of the beam. The aim of this report is to create an awareness of the need to initiate research work in various fields in order to determine the guiding rules of the limitations (or even advantages) due to irradiation.

Computer programs for the calculation of x-ray intensities emitted by elements in multi-layer structures

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 216-217
Author(s):  
G.F. Bastin ◽  
H.J.M. Heijligers ◽  
J.M. Dijkstra
Keyword(s):  
Software Package ◽  
Light Element ◽  
Matrix Correction ◽  
Excellent Performance ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Know How ◽  
Accurate Knowledge ◽  
Layer Structures ◽  
Bulk Matrix

For the calculation of X-ray intensities emitted by elements present in multi-layer systems it is vital to have an accurate knowledge of the x-ray ionization vs. mass-depth (ϕ(ρz)) curves as a function of accelerating voltage and atomic number of films and substrate. Once this knowledge is available the way is open to the analysis of thin films in which both the thicknesses as well as the compositions can usually be determined simultaneously.Our bulk matrix correction “PROZA” with its proven excellent performance for a wide variety of applications (e.g., ultra-light element analysis, extremes in accelerating voltage) has been used as the basis for the development of the software package discussed here. The PROZA program is based on our own modifications of the surface-centred Gaussian ϕ(ρz) model, originally introduced by Packwood and Brown. For its extension towards thin film applications it is required to know how the 4 Gaussian parameters α, β, γ and ϕ(o) for each element in each of the films are affected by the film thickness and the presence of other layers and the substrate.

Spreading the Word: Raise Your Profession's Profile With Local Angles on National News

ASHA Leader ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Know How ◽  
The Media

How to use your local know-how to get the media to pay attention.

Experience With Grant Writing: Where Do I Even Begin?

2010 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-24
Author(s):  
Nicole M. Mancini
Keyword(s):  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Economic Situation ◽  
Grant Writing ◽  
Personal Journey ◽  
Know How ◽  
Daunting Task

Abstract At first, grant writing may look like a daunting task. You may ask yourself, “Is it really worth the time and effort?” With today's economic situation, teachers and therapists need ways to supplement their programs and grants provide such an opportunity. However, many of us do not know how to get started. After a few experiences and many lessons learned, I have come to enjoy researching and writing grants to supplement my students' learning. It is well worth the time and effort. This article provides information about a personal journey, lessons learned, and resources to get you started.

Kompetenzen in der Telemedizin sind essentiell

2015 ◽  
Vol 72 (9) ◽  
pp. 545-547 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christiane Brockes ◽  
Sabine Schmidt-Weitmann ◽  
Edouard Battegay
Keyword(s):  
Patient Empowerment ◽  
Know How

Zusammenfassung. Das Messen und Sammeln von Gesundheits- und Fitnessdaten sowie die telemedizinische Beratung unterstützen die Eigenverantwortung und Selbstbestimmung des mündigen Bürgers in seiner Gesundheit und fördern das Patient-Empowerment. Da aber der Patient mit dem zunehmenden und weitläufigen Daten- und Informationsangebot mehr und mehr überfordert ist, benötigt er die Hilfe und den Ratschlag seines Arztes. Erfolgt eine telemedizinische Beratung, Betreuung oder Intervention, steht die sofortige individuelle medizinische Handlungskonsequenz als machbare Telemedizin Applikation im Vordergrund. Die Qualität steht und fällt mit der Aus-, Weiter- und Fortbildung bzw. dem telemedizinischem Know-how der involvierten Ärzte.

Interventionelle Schmerztherapie - Indikationen und Ergebnisse

2011 ◽  
Vol 68 (9) ◽  
pp. 527-530
Author(s):  
Andreas Siegenthaler
Keyword(s):  
Know How ◽  
Therapeutische Interventionen

Bei therapierefraktären chronischen Schmerzzuständen werden im Rahmen eines multimodalen Behandlungskonzeptes als Ergänzung zur medikamentösen, physio- und psychotherapeutischen Behandlung interventionelle Schmerztherapien durchgeführt. Diese beinhalten sowohl diagnostische als auch therapeutische Interventionen, welche entweder direkt gegen die Schmerz verursachende Struktur (z.B. intraartikuläre Steroidinfiltration) oder gegen die Schmerz leitenden Nervenstrukturen (z.B. Fazettennervenblockaden) gerichtet sind. Dabei wird zur Erhöhung der Präzision sowie Patientensicherheit die Nadelposition mittels radiologischer Bildgebung kontrolliert, wobei meistens die Durchleuchtung zur Anwendung kommt, bei entsprechender Indikation sowie Know-How sind auch Ultraschall- oder CT-kontrollierte Interventionen möglich. Im Folgenden werden die gängigen schmerztherapeutischen Interventionen, ohne Anspruch auf Vollständigkeit, näher vorgestellt.

Advanced Nursing Practice (ANP) im direkten Pflegealltag: Die pflegerische Praxisentwicklung eines akutgeriatrischen ANP-Teams

Pflege ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 403-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anja Ulrich ◽  
Peter Hellstern ◽  
Reto W. Kressig ◽  
Germaine Eze ◽  
Rebecca Spirig
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Practice ◽  
Advanced Practice Nurses ◽  
Geriatrische Patienten ◽  
Advanced Practice ◽  
Advanced Nursing Practice ◽  
Practice Nurses ◽  
Know How ◽  
Chronisch Kranke

Im Jahr 2000 startete das Institut für Pflegewissenschaft in Basel mit einem klinisch ausgerichteten Masterprogramm in Advanced Nursing Practice (ANP). Die mit einem Masterabschluss erlangte Pflegeexpertise beinhaltet vertieftes Wissen und Know-how in einem Spezialgebiet. Zusammen mit anderen Pflegefachpersonen entwickeln diese klinisch tätigen, wissenschaftlich- und praxisorientierten Advanced Practice Nurses (APNs) die Pflegepraxis in der Schweiz weiter, insbesondere für chronisch kranke oder geriatrische Patienten. Bis zu 25 % der über 80-jährigen Menschen erfahren jährlich mindestens einen Spitalaufenthalt. Neben dem akuten Einlieferungsgrund leiden sie oft an zusätzlichen chronischen Erkrankungen, welche gleichzeitig exazerbieren. Diese fragilen Patienten benötigen Unterstützung durch Pflegende, welche erweiterte gerontologische Pflege anbieten können. In der akutgeriatrischen Universitätsklinik Basel findet unter der Leitung einer APN eine systematische, kontinuierliche und effektive Praxisentwicklung statt, welche eine personenorientierte und geriatrisch-spezialisierte Pflege fördert. Die Prinzipien der Aktionsforschung leiten das Praxisentwicklungsprojekt. Der zyklische Prozess «Look-Think-Act» fördert die kritische Auseinandersetzung mit der Praxis. Erste Resultate zeigen eine kürzere Aufenthaltsdauer und verbesserte Betreuungsresultate bei den Patienten sowie eine erhöhte Arbeitszufriedenheit und Selbstwirksamkeit aus Sicht der Pflegenden. Mit dem vorliegenden Artikel wird die Geschichte von ANP kurz eingeführt und anschließend werden die Entwicklung und Einführung des Projekts sowie erste Resultate der Evaluation dargestellt.

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