Structure et Régénération des Peuplements naturels de Balanites Aegyptiaca (L.) Del. et Ziziphus Mauritiana Lam. suivant un Gradient écologique dans la Région de Maradi au Niger

Les espèces ligneuses jouent un rôle important dans la vie des populations locales. Parmi les espèces couramment utilisées au Niger figurent Balanites aegyptiaca et Ziziphus mauritiana. Ces deux espèces sont exploitées comme sources alimentaires et pour divers produits médicinaux, avec comme conséquence une réduction de leurs peuplements. La présente étude vise à analyser la structure des peuplements et les modes de régénération des deux espèces dans deux secteurs agro-écologiques contrastées de la région de Maradi au centre sud du Niger. Au total, 60 relevés ont été délimités, d’une part dans des formations naturelles dominées par ces espèces, et d’autre part dans les systèmes agrosylvopastoraux des secteurs sahélien et sahélo-soudanien. Dans chaque placette et sur chaque arbre, le diamètre à 1,30 m au rasdu sol , la hauteur totale et deux diamètres perpendiculaires de houppier ont été mesurés. L’inventaire de la régénération a été effectué dans 5 placeaux. La nature de la régénération (drageon, marcotte, semis naturel), la hauteur totale et le nombre de tiges de chaque plantule ont été notés. La densité de B. aegyptiaca ne varie significativement entre sites et entre secteurs. Par contre, la densité de Z. mauritiana varie significativement entre sites et entre secteurs. En effet, le site de Birni Lallé, situé dans le secteur sahélien strict, et le site de Kegil dans le secteur sahélo-soudanien ont les densités les plus élevées de Z. mauritiana avec respectivement 66,4 ± 52,5 et 77,5 ± 61,4 arbres/ha. L’analyse de la distribution des tiges par classe de diamètre montre que pour les deux espèces, les individus jeunes sont bien représentés. Cela suggère une bonne régénération de ces espèces. L’analyse de la densité et nature de régénération montre que les deux espèces se régénèrent essentiellement par drageonnage. En réponse au ramassage des fruits pour diverses utilisations, les espèces B. aegyptiaca et Z. mauritiana ont développé des stratégies alternatives de propagation en zone sahélienne. Cette aptitude à la propagation végétative permet aux deux espèces de s’adapter en zones arides caractérisées par la sécheresse et les hautes températures. MOTS CLÉS : DISTRIBUTION DES ESPÈCES LIGNEUSES, B. AEGYPTIACA, Z. MAURITIANA, MARADI, NIGER, SAHÉLO-SOUDANIEN [83] afrika focus — Volume 33, Nr. 1, 2020 — pp. 83-104 RABIOU HABOU, MOUSSA MASSAOUDOU, TOUGIANI ABASSE, MAHAMANE ALI, MAHAMANE LARWANOU & PATRICK VAN DAMME Wood species play an important role in the life of local communities. Among the species commonly used in Niger, are Balanites aegyptiaca and Ziziphus mauritiana. This species are exploited as food sources and as various medicinal products, with a consequent reduction in their populations. The present study aims to analyze the stand structure and the regeneration modes of the two species in two contrasting agro-ecological sectors of the Maradi region in south central Niger. A total of 60 surveys were delineated in natural formations dominated by these species and in agrosilvopastoral system in the Sahelian and Sahelo-Sudanian zones. On each tree, the diameter at 1.30 m from the ground, the total height and two perpendicular tree crown diameters were measured. The inventory of natural regeneration was carried out in 5 plots delineated in each plot. The mode of reproduction of the regeneration (suckers, marcots, natural seedlings) was recorded as well as the total height and the number of stems of each juvenile were. The density of B. aegyptiaca does not vary significantly between sites and between sectors. The Birni Lallé site, located in the strict Sahelian zone, and the Kegil site in the Sahelo-Sudanese sector stand out in terms of Z. mauritiana density with respectively 66.4 ± 52.5 and 77.5 ± 61.4 trees. /Ha. The analysis of the diameter class structure shows that for both species, young individuals are well represented. This suggests strong regeneration among these species. The analysis of the density and nature of regeneration shows that the two species regenerate mainly by suckering. In response to the collection of fruits for various uses by local populations, B. aegyptiaca and Z. mauritiana have developed alternative propagation strategies in the Sahelian zone. This ability to propagate vegetatively allows these two species to adapt to arid areas characterized by drought and high temperatures. KEY WORDS: DISTRIBUTION OF WOODY SPECIES, B. AEGYPTIACA, Z. MAURITIANA, MARADI, NIGER, SAHELO-SUDANESE

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Tree Species Diversity and Composition of Miombo Woodlands in South-Central Angola: A Chronosequence of Forest Recovery after Shifting Cultivation

International Journal of Forestry Research ◽

10.1155/2017/6202093 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2017 ◽

pp. 1-13 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Francisco M. P. Gonçalves ◽

Rasmus Revermann ◽

Amândio L. Gomes ◽

Marcos P. M. Aidar ◽

Manfred Finckh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Shifting Cultivation ◽

Stand Structure ◽

Woody Species ◽

Distinct Group ◽

Forest Recovery ◽

Miombo Woodlands ◽

Principal Coordinates Analysis ◽

South Central ◽

Principal Coordinates ◽

Management Plans

The study was carried out in the Cusseque area of the Municipality of Chitembo in south-central Angola. Our objectives were to assess the floristic diversity, the species composition, and stand structure of Miombo woodlands during regeneration after shifting cultivation. A total of 40 plots of 1000 m2were surveyed and analyzed, corresponding to mature forests/woodlands and three fallow types of different age. The analyses were based on plot inventories of all trees with DBH ≥ 5 cm. A total of 51 woody species, 38 genera, and 19 families were recorded. The dominant family was Fabaceae, with subfamily Caesalpinioideae being very abundant. Shannon Diversity and Evenness were highest in mature forests and young fallows, while the mature forest stands showed the highest species richness. A Principal Coordinates Analysis (PCoA) showed many species shared between the intermediate fallow types, but only few species were shared with young fallows. Mature forests formed a clearly distinct group. This study shows potential pathways of forest recovery in terms of faster regeneration after agricultural abandonment and, thus, the results presented here can be used in future conservation and management plans in order to reduce the pressure on mature forests.

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RESTORATION OF FORMER GRASSLAND IN SOUTH-CENTRAL TEXAS

Texas Journal of Science ◽

10.32011/txjsci_71_1_article2 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 71 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Wendy J. Leonard ◽

O. W. Van Auken

Keyword(s):

San Antonio ◽

Plant Cover ◽

Woody Species ◽

Bare Soil ◽

Grass Species ◽

Herbaceous Plant ◽

Percent Cover ◽

Juniperus Ashei ◽

South Central ◽

Central Texas

Abstract In the past, grasslands and savannas were common in many areas of south-central Texas, including the San Antonio area. With the advent of European settlers and their livestock, much of this area was converted to agriculture and rangeland. Today, most of San Antonio is developed, but some preservation has occurred. Restored grassland, mechanically cleared of Juniperus ashei (juniper, Ashe juniper) and other woody species in 2013, was examined and compared to adjacent non-cleared woodland. The woodland examined was dominated by Diospyros texana (Texas persimmon) and Juniperus ashei. Richness in the woodland canopy was 15 species. The understory below the canopy had 25 woody species. In the restored grassland area, herbaceous plant cover was 41.8%, woody plant cover 5.8%, bare soil 2.9%, and litter cover 49.5%. Species richness was 71, with 60 herbaceous and 11 woody species (percent cover of each from <0.1–7.1%). The most common species in the restored grassland in descending order were Nassella leucotricha (Texas winter grass), Calyptocarpus vialis (straggler daisy), Carex planostachys (cedar sedge), Sporobolus crypandrus (sand dropseed), D. texana, and Verbesina virginica (frost weed). Several C4 grass species were present with low cover but may increase in abundance over time. Four of the six most common restored grassland species were present below the woodland canopy and 12 woody species were present in the restored grassland as juveniles. Cost of restoration was approximately $38,500 ($7,500 supplies, $31,000 labor).

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PERFORMANCE OF SEVENTEEN POPLAR CLONES IN SOUTH CENTRAL SASKATCHEWAN

The Forestry Chronicle ◽

10.5558/tfc36204-3 ◽

1960 ◽

Vol 36 (3) ◽

pp. 204-224 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

W. H. Cram

Keyword(s):

Natural Hybrid ◽

Total Height ◽

South Central ◽

Poplar Clones ◽

Survival And Growth ◽

Cytospora Canker

Survival of seventeen poplar clones six years after planting in 1951 ranged from 0 to 100 per cent. Total height of the surviving 13 clones in 1956 varied from 11 to 25 feet. FNS No. 44-52, a natural hybrid of P. deltoides, was the outstanding clone in the test with a survival of 94 per cent and height of 25 feet. Three clones, FNS No. 44-52, Saskatchewan, and BNW No. 4 demonstrated resistance to disease (Cytospora canker), while ten clones proved highly susceptible. Survival and growth for FNS No. 44-52, 38P38, tristis No. 1 and gelrica were superior to those of Northwest poplar, which exhibited a survival of 75 per cent and height of 18 feet.

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Perceptions pastorales des ligneux fourragers par les agropasteurs et les transhumants au centre du Sénégal

International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences ◽

10.4314/ijbcs.v14i3.11 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 (3) ◽

pp. 772-787

Author(s):

Abdou Dione ◽

Oumar Sarr ◽

Saliou Ngom ◽

Aly Diallo ◽

Aliou Guisse

Keyword(s):

Woody Species ◽

Dry Season ◽

Human Consumption ◽

Ziziphus Mauritiana ◽

Faidherbia Albida ◽

Adansonia Digitata ◽

Ethnobotanical Survey ◽

Fodder Trees ◽

Enquête Ethnobotanique ◽

Fodder Crops

L’étude est réalisée dans les parcours communautaires du département de Kaffrine. Cette zone constitue un axe incontournable de transhumance pendant saison sèche des ruminants. Sa végétation ligneuse contribue à l’affouragement du cheptel mais subit d’énormes pressions de diverses sortes. Ce travail a pour objectif principal d’évaluer l’importance des espèces ligneuses dans le bassin arachidier. Une enquête ethnobotanique a été réalisée sur la base d’un questionnaire portant sur les espèces fourragères utiles, leurs princiapaux usages, les modes d’exploitations et les parties utilisées. L’enquête a révélé que 82,14% des espèces ligneuses inventoriées sont considérées comme fourragères. Il s’agit notamment de Adansonia digitata, Cordyla pinnata, Faidherbia albida, Ficus capensis, Ziziphus mauritiana et Sterculia setigera. Ce constat montre l’importance de la richesse spécifique des champs où se trouvent toutes ces espèces. La saison sèche est la période pendant laquelle les ligneux sont plus exploités par les agropasteurs. D’autres enquêtés utilisent ces ligneux fourragers pour l’alimentation humaine, la pharmacopée, l’artisanat, le bois d’oeuvre, le bois de chauffe, etc., ce qui montre une forte pression sur ces ressources. La promotion de la régénération naturelle assistée, la réalisation des cultures fourragères (sensibiliser les paysans sur les bienfaits de ces cultures), des émondages modérés limités par exemple au quart de la couronne des arbres fourragers, pourraient contribuer à atténuer les pressions exercées sur les ligneux les plus appétés.Mots clés : Enquête ethnobotanique, forêt, champs, pression. English Title: Pastoral perceptions of fodder ligneous by agro-pastoralists and transhumants in central Senegal The study is carried out in the community routes of the department of Kaffrine. This zone constitutes an essential axis of transhumance during the dry season of ruminants. Its woody vegetation contributes to the feeding of the livestock but is under enormous pressure of various kinds. The main objective of this work is to assess the importance of woody species in the groundnut basin. An ethnobotanical survey was carried out on the basis of a questionnaire relating to useful fodder species, their main uses, the modes of exploitation and the parts used. The survey revealed that 82.14% of the woody species inventoried are considered as fodder. These include Adansonia digitata, Cordyla pinnata, Faidherbia albida, Ficus capensis, Ziziphus mauritiana and Sterculia setigera. This observation shows the importance of the specific richness of the fields where all these species are found. The dry season is the period during which woody trees are more exploited by agro-pastoralists. Other respondents use these woody fodder for human consumption, pharmacopoeia, handicrafts, lumber, firewood, etc., which shows great pressure on these resources. The promotion of assisted natural regeneration, the production of fodder crops (making farmers aware of the benefits of these crops), moderate prunings limited, for example, to a quarter of the crown of fodder trees, could help to reduce the pressures exerted on woody plants. the most popular.Keywords: Ethnobotanical survey, forest, fields, pressure.

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Enhancement of diversity, stand structure and regeneration of woody species through area exclosure: the case of a mopane woodland in northern Botswana

Ecological Processes ◽

10.1186/s13717-018-0116-x ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Demel Teketay ◽

Keotshephile Kashe ◽

Joseph Madome ◽

Monica Kabelo ◽

John Neelo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stand Structure ◽

Woody Species ◽

Mopane Woodland

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Plant community analysis and effect of environmental factors on the diversity of woody species in the moist Afromontane forest of Wondo Genet, South Central Ethiopia

Biodiversity Research and Conservation ◽

10.2478/biorc-2013-0003 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 29 (1) ◽

pp. 63-80 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Mamo Kebede ◽

Eshetu Yirdaw ◽

Olavi Luukkanen ◽

Mulugeta Lemenih

Keyword(s):

Plant Species ◽

Woody Species ◽

Community Analysis ◽

Diversity Indices ◽

Endemic Plant ◽

Species Identity ◽

Central Ethiopia ◽

South Central ◽

Afromontane Forest ◽

Restoration Strategies

Abstract Floristic diversity and the composition of vascular plants are described for the moist Afromontane forest (MAF) of Wondo Genet, south-central Ethiopia. A total of 75 (20 x 20 m) quadrats were sampled and data on species identity, abundance, elevation, slope and aspect were recorded. Different diversity indices and ordination techniques were used to analyze the data. A total of 240 plant species including seven endemic plant species were found representing 94 families and 210 genera, of which trees constitute 23.8%, shrubs 25%, herbs 35%, lianas 11.3% and ferns 5%. Cluster and indicator species analyses revealed five plant communities described as: Teclea nobilis-Calpurnia aurea, Erythrococca trichogyne-Millettia ferruginea, Croton macrostachyus-Vernonia hochstetteri, Protea gaguedi-Rhus retinorrhoea and Dodonaea angustifolia-Hypericum quartinianum. Elevation (R2=0.48, P<0.001), slope (R2=0.14, P<0.001) and aspect (R2=0.04, P<0.01) correlated significantly and negatively with species richness, whereas only elevation (R2=0.30, P<0.001) and slope (R2=0.13, P<0.001) related significantly and negatively with abundance. Sørensen’s similarity coefficient indicates that the forest of Wondo Genet is similar to moist montane forests of southwestern and southeastern Ethiopia. Given the high diversity, coupled with the existence of endemic species, ecosystem conservation and restoration strategies with further research are warranted.

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Shoot and root responses of woody species to silvicultural management for afforestation of degraded croplands in the Sudano-Sahelian zone of Benin

Forest Ecology and Management ◽

10.1016/j.foreco.2016.11.018 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 385 ◽

pp. 254-263 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Florent Noulèkoun ◽

John P.A. Lamers ◽

Jesse Naab ◽

Asia Khamzina

Keyword(s):

Woody Species ◽

Silvicultural Management ◽

Root Responses ◽

Sahelian Zone

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Long-term responses of mammalian herbivores to stand thinning and fertilization in young lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta var. latifolia) forest

Canadian Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1139/x10-173 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 40 (12) ◽

pp. 2302-2312 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Thomas P. Sullivan ◽

Druscilla S. Sullivan ◽

Pontus M.F. Lindgren ◽

Douglas B. Ransome

Keyword(s):

Habitat Use ◽

Pinus Contorta ◽

Large Scale ◽

Stand Structure ◽

Lodgepole Pine ◽

South Central ◽

Commercial Thinning ◽

Snowshoe Hares ◽

Understory Shrubs

Snowshoe hares (Lepus americanus Exrleben, 1777), mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus (Rafinesque, 1817)), and moose (Alces alces (L., 1758)) commonly occur in young coniferous forests. This study was designed to test the hypothesis that large-scale pre-commercial thinning (PCT) and repeated fertilization 15–20 years after the onset of treatments in young lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta var. latifolia Engelm. ex S. Wats.) stands would enhance relative habitat use by hares, deer, and moose compared with unmanaged stands. Study areas were located in south-central British Columbia, Canada. Habitat use was measured by fecal pellet and pellet-group counts. Understory vegetation and coniferous stand structure were measured in all stands. Habitat use by deer and moose was highest in heavily thinned stands, probably due to the higher levels of forage and cover provided by understory shrubs and conifers in thinned stands. Habitat use by snowshoe hares was highest in high-density stands, but also in lower-density (≤1000 stems·ha–1) stands where an increase in understory conifers provided essential cover for hares. Managers should consider the long-term nature of understory development in young stands managed for timber production. Heavy thinning (≤1000 stems·ha–1) will generate suitable understory habitat for these herbivores sooner than conventional PCT at higher stand densities.

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