Perceptions pastorales des ligneux fourragers par les agropasteurs et les transhumants au centre du Sénégal

L’étude est réalisée dans les parcours communautaires du département de Kaffrine. Cette zone constitue un axe incontournable de transhumance pendant saison sèche des ruminants. Sa végétation ligneuse contribue à l’affouragement du cheptel mais subit d’énormes pressions de diverses sortes. Ce travail a pour objectif principal d’évaluer l’importance des espèces ligneuses dans le bassin arachidier. Une enquête ethnobotanique a été réalisée sur la base d’un questionnaire portant sur les espèces fourragères utiles, leurs princiapaux usages, les modes d’exploitations et les parties utilisées. L’enquête a révélé que 82,14% des espèces ligneuses inventoriées sont considérées comme fourragères. Il s’agit notamment de Adansonia digitata, Cordyla pinnata, Faidherbia albida, Ficus capensis, Ziziphus mauritiana et Sterculia setigera. Ce constat montre l’importance de la richesse spécifique des champs où se trouvent toutes ces espèces. La saison sèche est la période pendant laquelle les ligneux sont plus exploités par les agropasteurs. D’autres enquêtés utilisent ces ligneux fourragers pour l’alimentation humaine, la pharmacopée, l’artisanat, le bois d’oeuvre, le bois de chauffe, etc., ce qui montre une forte pression sur ces ressources. La promotion de la régénération naturelle assistée, la réalisation des cultures fourragères (sensibiliser les paysans sur les bienfaits de ces cultures), des émondages modérés limités par exemple au quart de la couronne des arbres fourragers, pourraient contribuer à atténuer les pressions exercées sur les ligneux les plus appétés.Mots clés : Enquête ethnobotanique, forêt, champs, pression. English Title: Pastoral perceptions of fodder ligneous by agro-pastoralists and transhumants in central Senegal The study is carried out in the community routes of the department of Kaffrine. This zone constitutes an essential axis of transhumance during the dry season of ruminants. Its woody vegetation contributes to the feeding of the livestock but is under enormous pressure of various kinds. The main objective of this work is to assess the importance of woody species in the groundnut basin. An ethnobotanical survey was carried out on the basis of a questionnaire relating to useful fodder species, their main uses, the modes of exploitation and the parts used. The survey revealed that 82.14% of the woody species inventoried are considered as fodder. These include Adansonia digitata, Cordyla pinnata, Faidherbia albida, Ficus capensis, Ziziphus mauritiana and Sterculia setigera. This observation shows the importance of the specific richness of the fields where all these species are found. The dry season is the period during which woody trees are more exploited by agro-pastoralists. Other respondents use these woody fodder for human consumption, pharmacopoeia, handicrafts, lumber, firewood, etc., which shows great pressure on these resources. The promotion of assisted natural regeneration, the production of fodder crops (making farmers aware of the benefits of these crops), moderate prunings limited, for example, to a quarter of the crown of fodder trees, could help to reduce the pressures exerted on woody plants. the most popular.Keywords: Ethnobotanical survey, forest, fields, pressure.

Download Full-text

Use of deciduous woody species as a diet supplement for goats grazing Mediterranean shrublands during the dry season

Animal Feed Science and Technology ◽

10.1016/s0377-8401(99)00056-5 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 80 (3-4) ◽

pp. 267-279 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

T.G Papachristou ◽

P.D Platis ◽

V.P Papanastasis ◽

C.N Tsiouvaras

Keyword(s):

Woody Species ◽

Dry Season ◽

Mediterranean Shrublands ◽

Diet Supplement

Download Full-text

The length of the dry season may be associated with leaf scleromorphism in cerrado plants

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências ◽

10.1590/0001-376520150381 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 87 (3) ◽

pp. 1691-1699 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

MARCELO C. SOUZA ◽

AUGUSTO C. FRANCO ◽

MUNDAYATAN HARIDASAN ◽

DAVI R. ROSSATTO ◽

JANAÍNA F. DE ARAÚJO ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Soil Fertility ◽

Specific Leaf Area ◽

Woody Species ◽

Dry Season ◽

Core Region ◽

The Other ◽

Low Fertility ◽

Fertility Rates ◽

Cerrado Vegetation ◽

Central Brazil

Despite limitations of low fertility and high acidity of the soils, the cerrado flora is the richest amongst savannas. Many cerrado woody species show sclerophyllous leaves, which might be related to the availability of water and nutrients in the soil. To better understand the function and structure of cerrado vegetation within its own variations, we compared two cerrado communities: one in its core region in central Brazil (Brasília, DF) and the other on its southern periphery (Itirapina, SP). We contrasted the length of the dry season, soil fertility rates, leaf concentrations of N, P, K, Ca and Mg and the specific leaf area (SLA) between these communities. The dry season was shorter on the periphery, where the soil was more fertile although more acidic. Plants from the periphery showed higher SLA and higher leaf concentrations of N, P, Ca and Mg. We propose that the higher SLA of plants from the periphery is related to the shorter dry season, which allows better conditions for nutrient uptake.

Download Full-text

Structure et Régénération des Peuplements naturels de Balanites Aegyptiaca (L.) Del. et Ziziphus Mauritiana Lam. suivant un Gradient écologique dans la Région de Maradi au Niger

Afrika Focus ◽

10.21825/af.v33i1.16560 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 33 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Rabiou Habou ◽

Moussa Massaoudou ◽

Tougiani Abasse ◽

Mahamane Ali ◽

Mahamane Larwanou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stand Structure ◽

Woody Species ◽

Food Sources ◽

Ziziphus Mauritiana ◽

Balanites Aegyptiaca ◽

Total Height ◽

South Central ◽

Consequent Reduction ◽

Agrosilvopastoral System ◽

Sahelian Zone

Les espèces ligneuses jouent un rôle important dans la vie des populations locales. Parmi les espèces couramment utilisées au Niger figurent Balanites aegyptiaca et Ziziphus mauritiana. Ces deux espèces sont exploitées comme sources alimentaires et pour divers produits médicinaux, avec comme conséquence une réduction de leurs peuplements. La présente étude vise à analyser la structure des peuplements et les modes de régénération des deux espèces dans deux secteurs agro-écologiques contrastées de la région de Maradi au centre sud du Niger. Au total, 60 relevés ont été délimités, d’une part dans des formations naturelles dominées par ces espèces, et d’autre part dans les systèmes agrosylvopastoraux des secteurs sahélien et sahélo-soudanien. Dans chaque placette et sur chaque arbre, le diamètre à 1,30 m au rasdu sol , la hauteur totale et deux diamètres perpendiculaires de houppier ont été mesurés. L’inventaire de la régénération a été effectué dans 5 placeaux. La nature de la régénération (drageon, marcotte, semis naturel), la hauteur totale et le nombre de tiges de chaque plantule ont été notés. La densité de B. aegyptiaca ne varie significativement entre sites et entre secteurs. Par contre, la densité de Z. mauritiana varie significativement entre sites et entre secteurs. En effet, le site de Birni Lallé, situé dans le secteur sahélien strict, et le site de Kegil dans le secteur sahélo-soudanien ont les densités les plus élevées de Z. mauritiana avec respectivement 66,4 ± 52,5 et 77,5 ± 61,4 arbres/ha. L’analyse de la distribution des tiges par classe de diamètre montre que pour les deux espèces, les individus jeunes sont bien représentés. Cela suggère une bonne régénération de ces espèces. L’analyse de la densité et nature de régénération montre que les deux espèces se régénèrent essentiellement par drageonnage. En réponse au ramassage des fruits pour diverses utilisations, les espèces B. aegyptiaca et Z. mauritiana ont développé des stratégies alternatives de propagation en zone sahélienne. Cette aptitude à la propagation végétative permet aux deux espèces de s’adapter en zones arides caractérisées par la sécheresse et les hautes températures. MOTS CLÉS : DISTRIBUTION DES ESPÈCES LIGNEUSES, B. AEGYPTIACA, Z. MAURITIANA, MARADI, NIGER, SAHÉLO-SOUDANIEN [83] afrika focus — Volume 33, Nr. 1, 2020 — pp. 83-104 RABIOU HABOU, MOUSSA MASSAOUDOU, TOUGIANI ABASSE, MAHAMANE ALI, MAHAMANE LARWANOU & PATRICK VAN DAMME Wood species play an important role in the life of local communities. Among the species commonly used in Niger, are Balanites aegyptiaca and Ziziphus mauritiana. This species are exploited as food sources and as various medicinal products, with a consequent reduction in their populations. The present study aims to analyze the stand structure and the regeneration modes of the two species in two contrasting agro-ecological sectors of the Maradi region in south central Niger. A total of 60 surveys were delineated in natural formations dominated by these species and in agrosilvopastoral system in the Sahelian and Sahelo-Sudanian zones. On each tree, the diameter at 1.30 m from the ground, the total height and two perpendicular tree crown diameters were measured. The inventory of natural regeneration was carried out in 5 plots delineated in each plot. The mode of reproduction of the regeneration (suckers, marcots, natural seedlings) was recorded as well as the total height and the number of stems of each juvenile were. The density of B. aegyptiaca does not vary significantly between sites and between sectors. The Birni Lallé site, located in the strict Sahelian zone, and the Kegil site in the Sahelo-Sudanese sector stand out in terms of Z. mauritiana density with respectively 66.4 ± 52.5 and 77.5 ± 61.4 trees. /Ha. The analysis of the diameter class structure shows that for both species, young individuals are well represented. This suggests strong regeneration among these species. The analysis of the density and nature of regeneration shows that the two species regenerate mainly by suckering. In response to the collection of fruits for various uses by local populations, B. aegyptiaca and Z. mauritiana have developed alternative propagation strategies in the Sahelian zone. This ability to propagate vegetatively allows these two species to adapt to arid areas characterized by drought and high temperatures. KEY WORDS: DISTRIBUTION OF WOODY SPECIES, B. AEGYPTIACA, Z. MAURITIANA, MARADI, NIGER, SAHELO-SUDANESE

Download Full-text

Conservation of food tree species in Niger: towards a participatory approach in rural communities

Forest Systems ◽

10.5424/fs/2016253-09558 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 25 (3) ◽

pp. e080 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Dolores Agúndez Leal ◽

Soumana Douma ◽

Javier Madrigal ◽

Almudena Gómez-Ramos ◽

Barbara Vicenti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rural Communities ◽

Conservation Status ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Species Conservation ◽

Woody Species ◽

Human Consumption ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Ecological Regions ◽

Food Species ◽

And Gender

Aim of study: Indigenous woody species play an important role as a complement on the diet of rural populations in Niger, especially in periods of food scarcity. However, these species are nowadays overexploited and management programmes are necessary to conserve them. In order to design a conservation programme for edible woody species, this paper presents a sociological analysis about the use of edible woody species and their products during shortage periods in Niger.Area of study: Four villages in two distinct agro-ecological regions were selected to conduct structured enquiries based on focus group discussions and surveys with key informants.Material and Methods: Perceptions of the conservation status of these species were identified; as well the factors affecting food values, perceptions, management and collection practices.Main results: Results show that B. senegalensis was a staple food in the driest areas, and M. crassifolia was used for fodder and human consumption in the most critical situations. The local communities related the drivers of species conservation status specific to the agro-ecological regions, and gender and ethnic differences were also identified.Research highlights: Understanding these factors constitutes a first step towards adaptive management strategies for the conservation of woody food species in rural communities of Niger.Keywords: Africa; biodiversity; cultural preferences; food; NTFPs.

Download Full-text

Limnological characteristics of a reservoir in semiarid Northeastern Brazil subject to intensive tilapia farming (Orechromis niloticus Linnaeus, 1758)

Acta Limnologica Brasiliensia ◽

10.1590/s2179-975x2014000100007 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 26 (1) ◽

pp. 47-59 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Luis Artur Valões Bezerra ◽

Walt Disney Paulino ◽

Danielle Sequeira Garcez ◽

Helena Becker ◽

Jorge Iván Sánchez-Botero

Keyword(s):

Chlorophyll A ◽

Rainy Season ◽

Dry Season ◽

T Test ◽

Northeastern Brazil ◽

Human Consumption ◽

Temperature Conductivity ◽

Sampling Locations ◽

Chemical Variability ◽

Physical And Chemical

AIM: There is currently no consensus regarding the physical and chemical variability of tropical reservoirs. In semiarid Northeastern Brazil, reservoirs are among other things used for human consumption, industrial water supply and intensive fish farming, all of which can impact water quality. The objective of this study was to evaluate the physical and chemical variability of the water in Sítios Novos, a reservoir in semiarid Northeastern Brazil, comparing samples collected in areas of intensive tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) farming to samples from areas not directly impacted by aquaculture, in both the dry and the rainy season. METHODS: Between October 2010 and July 2011, data were collected on temperature, conductivity, pH, turbidity, salinity, chlorophyll a, dissolved oxygen, oxygen demand, total phosphorus and total nitrogen levels in the water column using a multiparametric probe at four different sampling locations. Physical and chemical differences between the four locations were evaluated with the Kruskal-Wallis (KW) test and Dunn's post test, while the t test, followed by Welchʼs correction, was used to compare samples collected in different seasons. RESULTS: No influence of intensive aquaculture was detected when comparing sampling locations near fish farms (180C and 300C) to locations not directly impacted by aquaculture (LIMN1, near the dam, and LIMN2, near the debouch of the São Gonçalo river). However, the sampling locations differed significantly (p<0.05) with regard to conductivity, pH, turbidity and chlorophyll a levels. CONCLUSIONS: The physical and chemical variability was greater between seasons than between locations when the data were analyzed with the t test. That analysis showed significant differences for 22 of 40 comparisons between the 10 physical and chemical parameters in the two seasons at the four sampling locations. In conclusion, the physical and chemical variability registered for the Sítios Novos reservoir throughout the study period indicates morphometric, meteorological and hydrological heterogeneity, with emphasis on the differences between LIMN2 and the other three sampling locations and between the rainy season and the dry season. According to the calculated trophic status index, the reservoir is supereutrophic in the rainy season and supereutrophic to hypereutrophic in the dry season.

Download Full-text

Phenology and water relations of eight woody species in the Coronation Garden of Kirtipur, central Nepal

Himalayan Journal of Sciences ◽

10.3126/hjs.v4i6.982 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 4 (6) ◽

pp. 49-56

Author(s):

Bharat B Shrestha ◽

Yadav Uprety ◽

Keshav Nepal ◽

Sandhya Tripathi ◽

Pramod K Jha

Keyword(s):

Woody Species ◽

Dry Season ◽

Elastic Tissue ◽

Deciduous Species ◽

Evergreen Species ◽

Central Nepal ◽

Relative Water ◽

Bauhinia Variegata ◽

Celtis Australis ◽

Woodfordia Fruticosa

Phenological activities of eight woody species planted in Kirtipur (central Nepal) were examined, each for one dry season between September 2001 and June 2003. From Pressure Volume (P-V) analysis, we determined relative water content at zero turgor (RWCz), osmotic potential at zero turgor (Ψsz) and full turgor (Ψsf ), and bulk modulus of elasticity (ε) once a month through the course of dry season. Both evergreen species (Cotoneaster bacillaris Wall., Quercus lanata Sm., Ligustrum confusum Decne., Woodfordia fruticosa (L.) Kurz.) and deciduous species (Celtis australis Linn., Alnus nepalensis D.Don., Bauhinia variegata Linn. and Lagerstroemia indica Linn.) put out their new leaves during the dry summer when day length and temperature were increasing. Generally, bud break coincided with concentrated leaf fall during the dry summer and the leaf fall reduced total leaf area to its lowest value. The deciduous species were leafless for one to three months, followed by a prolonged period of leaf production and shoot elongation. Evergreen and deciduous species manifested distinct adaptive strategies to water deficit. Evergreens can reduce osmotic potential (Ψs) to its low value and maintain proper water potential (Ψ) gradient from soil to plant, which facilitates absorption of water during dry season. Elastic tissue in deciduous species is coupled with leaf shedding during the dry season; both factors may help maintain proper Ψs for new growth during dry period. One evergreen species (Woodfordia fruticosa) and three deciduous species (Celtis australis, Bauhinia variegata and Lagerstroemia indica) have inherently high dehydration tolerance due to their elastic tissue. During drought there has been osmotic adjustment in Quercus lanata, and elastic adjustment in Ligustrum confusum, Celtis australis and Lagerstroemia indica. Key words: Himalayas, Pressure Volume (P-V) curve, relative water content (RWC), osmotic adjustment, elastic adjustment Himalayan Journal of Sciences Vol.4(6) 2007 p.49-56

Download Full-text

Dry season watering alters the significance of climate factors influencing phenology and growth of saplings of savanna woody species in central Zambia, southern Africa

Austral Ecology ◽

10.1111/aec.12254 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 40 (7) ◽

pp. 794-805 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Emmanuel Chidumayo

Keyword(s):

Southern Africa ◽

Woody Species ◽

Dry Season ◽

Climate Factors ◽

Factors Influencing

Download Full-text

Enquête Ethnobotanique Auprès Des Tradipraticiens De Santé Des Régions De Niamey Et Tillabéri Au Niger: Données 2012-2017

European Scientific Journal ESJ ◽

10.19044/esj.2017.v13n33p276 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 13 (33) ◽

pp. 276

Author(s):

Mamadou Aïssa Jazy ◽

Saley Karim ◽

Boubé Morou ◽

Rokia Sanogo ◽

Saadou Mahamane

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Primary Health Care ◽

Experimental Studies ◽

Ziziphus Mauritiana ◽

Ethnobotanical Survey ◽

Transmission Of Knowledge ◽

Sclerocarya Birrea ◽

Primary Health ◽

Traditional Practitioners ◽

Traditional Pharmacopoeia

Introduction: In Niger, people employ the services of traditional health practitioners who use medicinal recipes and plants for primary health care. Scope: Identify medicinal plants for primary health care. Methods: An ethnobotanical survey was carried out in two regions of Niger, Tillabéri and Niamey, according to a questionnaire. Results: This study assessed the transmission of knowledge, understood the concept of dosage in traditional medicine, and established a repertoire of recipes and plants of the traditional pharmacopoeia. A total of 913 therapeutic recipes for 226 species belonging to 77 families were collected from 168 traditional practitioners. The species most frequently encountered are: Sclerocarya birrea, Acacia nilotica, Guiera senegalensis, Annona senegalensis, Combretum micranthum, Balanites aegyptiaca, Pennisetum americanum, Piliostigma reticulatum, Cassia sieberiana, Ziziphus mauritiana, Azadirachta indica, Cassia occidentalis, Anogeissus leiocarpus, Combretum glutinosum, Khaya senegalensis, Momordica balsamina, Tephrosia lupunifolia, Prosopis africana, Alysicarpus ovalifolius, Bauhinia rufescens. The most common among them is the Combretaceae (10.68%), followed by Fabaceae (9.67%), Caesalpiniaceae (8.49%), Mimosaceae (7.82%), and Anacardiaceae (5, 55%). Among these plants, 60 belonging to 31 families, including 6 new families, were recorded. Several pathologies were treated. The most frequent of them are digestive disorders, hemorrhoids. Conclusion: These plants will be subjected to experimental studies before the development of new phytomedicines.

Download Full-text

Large branch and leaf hydraulic safety margins in subtropical evergreen broadleaved forest

Tree Physiology ◽

10.1093/treephys/tpz028 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 39 (8) ◽

pp. 1405-1415

Author(s):

Shi-Dan Zhu ◽

Rong-Hua Li ◽

Peng-Cheng He ◽

Zafar Siddiq ◽

Kun-Fang Cao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Southern China ◽

Woody Species ◽

Atmospheric Temperature ◽

Dry Season ◽

Sapwood Area ◽

Evergreen Broadleaved Forest ◽

Safety Margins ◽

Hot Dry Season ◽

Hydraulic Safety ◽

Dry Seasons

Abstract As a global biodiversity hotspot, the subtropical evergreen broadleaved forest (SEBF) in southern China is strongly influenced by the humid monsoon climate, with distinct hot-wet and cool-dry seasons. However, the hydraulic strategies of this forest are not well understood. Branch and leaf hydraulic safety margins (HSMbranch and HSMleaf, respectively), as well as seasonal changes in predawn and midday leaf water potential (Ψpd and Ψmd), stomatal conductance (Gs), leaf to sapwood area ratio (AL/AS) and turgor loss point (Ψtlp), were examined for woody species in a mature SEBF. For comparison, we compiled these traits of tropical dry forests (TDFs) and Mediterranean-type woodlands (MWs) from the literature because they experience a hot-dry season. We found that on average, SEBF showed larger HSMbranch and HSMleaf than TDF and MW. During the dry season, TDF and MW species displayed a significant decrease in Ψpd and Ψmd. However, SEBF species showed a slight decrease in Ψpd but an increase in Ψmd. Similar to TDF and MW species, Gs was substantially lower in the dry season for SEBF species, but this might be primarily because of the low atmospheric temperature (low vapor pressure deficit). On the other hand, AL/AS and Ψtlp were not significant different between seasons for any SEBF species. Most SEBF species had leaves that were more resistant to cavitation than branches. Additionally, species with stronger leaf-to-branch vulnerability segmentation tended to have smaller HSMleaf but larger HSMbranch. Our results suggest that SEBF is at low hydraulic risk under the current climate.

Download Full-text

Resource partitioning within a browsing guild in a key habitat, the Chobe Riverfront, Botswana

Journal of Tropical Ecology ◽

10.1017/s0266467405002701 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 21 (6) ◽

pp. 641-649 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

Shimane W. Makhabu

Keyword(s):

Plant Species ◽

Resource Use ◽

Resource Partitioning ◽

Woody Species ◽

Food Resources ◽

Dry Season ◽

Population Increase ◽

Species Identity ◽

Plant Parts ◽

Elephant Population

Resource partitioning between elephant, giraffe, kudu and impala was assessed. This was to address concerns that elephant population increase adversely affects other species through depleting their food in key areas close to permanent water. Resources considered were woody species browsed, height browsed and plant parts browsed. Animals were observed as they browsed and the plant species, browsing heights and plant parts browsed were recorded. Observations were made over 1 y and the data were divided between wet and dry season. Schoener's index of resource use overlap was calculated for plant species, browsing heights and plant parts eaten and differences in overlap between wet and dry season were tested. Levin's measure of niche breadth in plant species utilized by the different browsers was calculated. Woody species identity was the main separator between food resources that elephant used and those giraffe, impala and kudu used. Giraffe, kudu and impala mainly browsed the same species and plant parts but browsed at different heights. There was no difference in resource use overlap between seasons with different resource availability. Since elephant browsed different woody species from those browsed by the others, it is unlikely that the increasing elephant population will deplete food resources for the other browsers.

Download Full-text