scholarly journals Forest site conditions and the threat for insect outbreaks in the Scots pine stands of Polissya

2020 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 270-278
Author(s):  
Olena Andreieva ◽  
Anatoliy Goychuk
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Forest Area ◽  
Pine Forests ◽  
Forest Site ◽  
Site Conditions ◽  
Covered Area ◽  
Scots Pine Forests ◽  
Pine Stands ◽  
Forest Enterprises ◽  
Scots Pine Stands

AbstractScots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) is the most spread forest tree species in Polissya and the most damaged by foliage browsing and stem insects. The aim of this study was to reveal the changes in the distribution of different forest site conditions for 2010–2019 in Scots pine forests of the selected forestry enterprises of Polissya and possible consequences for the spread of foliage browsing insects. Database of Production Association ‘Ukrderzhlisproekt’ (by 2010 and 2019) was analysed for five State Forest Enterprises (FE) that are located in the Central (Zhytomyr Region) and Western (Rivne and Volyn Regions) Polissya, where the large scale outbreaks of stem pests were registered last decade.The types of forest site conditions were designated in accordance with the Ukrainian typology. Distribution of the forest area by trophotops and hygrotops was evaluated for the forest-covered area, for Scots pine stands, and for pure Scots pine stands in 2010 and in 2019.For 2010–2019, the area of all Scots pine forests and its proportion in the forest-covered area has significantly decreased in the most of analysed forest enterprises. The change for 2010–2019 in the distribution both by the tropho-tops and by hygrotops of the entire forest-covered area, the area of all Scots pine forests and pure pine forests is not statistically significant. However, in assessment year 2019, the proportion of stands in the moist types of forest site conditions slightly increased. It may be the result of the stands’ mortality in the driest sites after an outbreak of bark beetles. A greater decrease in the proportion of Scots pine forest area in the dry poor, fresh poor, and dry relatively poor forest site conditions was found in the western direction. Therefore, the noted decrease in the foci areas of foliage browsing insects in Polissya in 2010–2012 compared to the 2000–2002 could be associated with a decrease in the most preferred stands, namely the poorest and driest types of forest site conditions.

scholarly journals The Structure of Northern Siberian Spruce–Scots Pine Forests at Different Stages of Post-Fire Succession

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 558 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia I. Stavrova ◽  
Vadim V. Gorshkov ◽  
Paul N. Katjutin ◽  
Irina Ju. Bakkal
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Size Structure ◽  
Tree Regeneration ◽  
Pine Forests ◽  
Dwarf Shrub ◽  
Species Structure ◽  
Siberian Spruce ◽  
Scots Pine Forests ◽  
Pine Stands ◽  
Scots Pine Stands

The process of post-fire recovery in mixed Siberian spruce–Scots pine forests (Picea obovata Ledeb.-Pinus sylvestris L.), typical for the European North-West, was studied in the Kola peninsula (Russia). We used the spatial–temporal approach to reveal the size structure (diameter at breast height (DBH) distribution) and vital state of Siberian spruce and Scots pine stands, tree regeneration and species structure of the dwarf shrub–herb and lichen–moss layers at different stages of post-fire succession (8–380 years after the fire). It was found that in both forest-forming species, the process of stand stratification results in the allocation of two size groups of trees. In Siberian spruce, these groups persist throughout the succession. In Scots pine, DBH distributions become more homogeneous at the middle of succession (150–200 years after the fire) due to the extinction of small-size individuals. Siberian spruce stands are dominated by moderately and strongly weakened trees at all succession stages. The vitality status of Scots pine stands is higher compared to Siberian spruce up to 150 years after a fire. The dynamics of regeneration activity is similar in both species, with a minimum at the middle of the restoration period. The results indicate that in Siberian spruce–Scots pine forests, the stand structure and regeneration activity differs substantially in the first half of succession (up to 200 years after the fire) and become similar in the late-succession community. The study of lower layers revealed that the cover of moss–lichen and dwarf shrub–herb layers stabilize 150 years after a fire. Changes in species structure in both layers are observed until the late stage of succession. The originality of the structure and dynamics of mixed Siberian spruce–Scots pine forests is revealed based on a comparison with pure Siberian spruce forests in the same region.

scholarly journals Comparative analysis of natural and artificial regeneration in Nowa Dęba Forest District

2019 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 230-241
Author(s):  
Justyna Długosiewicz ◽  
Stanisław Zając ◽  
Emilia Wysocka-Fijorek ◽  
Małgorzata Sułkowska
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Coniferous Forest ◽  
Forest Site ◽  
Site Conditions ◽  
Artificial Regeneration ◽  
Forest Sites ◽  
Pine Regeneration ◽  
Pine Stands ◽  
Forest District ◽  
Scots Pine Stands

Abstract New challenges related to the multifunctional role of forests in consideration of both natural environment and economy come into view sequentially. In current forestry practice, an important element is not only the quality of forest cultivations (silvicultural aspect) but also the costs incurred for their production and tending (economic aspect). The main purpose of this article is to show the prospect of increasing positive silvicultural effects depending on the method used in management of Scots pine stands under given site conditions. The comparative analysis was carried out using the study results obtained in the Forest District Nowa Dęba and those presented in other relevant studies. In the present study, we examined whether the site conditions have significant effects on silvicultural and economic effectiveness of regeneration and development of Scots pine stands or those predominated by Scots pine in the initial stages of stand growth. Significance of the regeneration method effects on growth characteristics of Scots pine regeneration as well as the costs of forest cultivation management was analysed. The study on silvicultural and economic effectiveness was carried out in the Forest District Nowa Dęba. The results obtained showed that using Scots pine natural regeneration under the conditions of fresh coniferous forest site and fresh mixed coniferous forest site was the way of management based on reason. This was supported by both the values of regeneration growth parameters and silvicultural quality along with clearly lower expenditures incurred to achieve these effects. In wet mixed coniferous site, Scots pine seedlings regenerated naturally; however, the results indicated their lower silvicultural quality and growth parameter values when compared to those artificially regenerated. In fresh mixed broadleaved forest site, equally for silvicultural and economic reasons, the more optimal option was to regenerate forest using traditional planting material as natural Scots pine regeneration showed lower silvicultural effects. The unit costs of regeneration and maintenance of stands with self-sown Scots pine in fresh mixed broadleaved forest site were higher when compared with other examined forest sites. On the basis of the results of the present study, it can be concluded that regardless of the regeneration method examined, the most differentiating factor of the final economic effect of Scots pine stand establishment and maintenance was the cost of regeneration operation. The expenditure for this purpose consumed the largest part of expenses incurred in artificial regeneration variant. The higher cost of corrections in artificially planted forest cultivations in poorer forest sites was one of the reasons behind the profitable final balance of naturally regenerating Scots pine stands. Differences between other costs analysed were not significant. The results of the present study may contribute to comprehensive assessments of natural and artificial ways of forest regeneration and indicate forest production costs that are the most closely related to site conditions.

scholarly journals Impact of Common Mistletoe (Viscum album L.) on Scots Pine Forests—A Call for Action

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 847 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanna Szmidla ◽  
Miłosz Tkaczyk ◽  
Radosław Plewa ◽  
Grzegorz Tarwacki ◽  
Zbigniew Sierota
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Tree Breeding ◽  
Viscum Album ◽  
Parasitic Plant ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Pine Forests ◽  
Deciduous Trees ◽  
Scots Pine Forests ◽  
Scots Pine Stands

Common mistletoe is increasingly mentioned as contributing not only to the decline of deciduous trees at roadside and in city parks, but to conifers in stands. The presence of Viscum in fir stands has been known for many years, but since 2015 has also been the cause of damage to pine. In 2019, mistletoe was observed on 77.5 thousand hectares of Scots pine stands in southern and central Poland. Drought resulting from global climate change is implicated as an important factor conducive to weakening trees and making them more susceptible to the spread of mistletoe and other pests. This paper presents an overview of the latest information on the development of this semi-parasitic plant in Poland, its impact on tree breeding traits and raw material losses, as well as current options for its prevention and eradication.

scholarly journals Tree-to-tree competition in mixed European beech-Scots pine forests has different impacts on growth and water-use efficiency depending on site conditions

2017 ◽  
Vol 106 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ester González de Andrés ◽  
J. Julio Camarero ◽  
Juan A. Blanco ◽  
J. Bosco Imbert ◽  
Yueh-Hsin Lo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
European Beech ◽  
Pine Forests ◽  
Site Conditions ◽  
Scots Pine Forests ◽  
Use Efficiency

Evolution of biodiversity in homogeneous Scots pine stands by an ecologically diversified management

1995 ◽  
Vol 60 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Lust ◽  
B. Muys
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Natural Regeneration ◽  
Stand Structure ◽  
Rotation Period ◽  
Pine Forests ◽  
Mixed Stands ◽  
Noticeable Increase ◽  
Hardwood Species ◽  
Pine Stands ◽  
Scots Pine Stands

This  study evaluates three important parameters of biodiversity in first  generation Scots pine forests on sandy soils: herbal layer, natural  regeneration and stand structure. The research was undertaken in the Belgian  Campine Region, where the original oak-birch forest had been destroyed in the  course of time and finally been replaced by monocultures of Scots pine. These  pine forests are characterised by a low biodiversity. In maturing stands of  this type, however, a spontaneous increase of biodiversity is noticed.     Herbal species diversity is very limited in all age classes. Spontaneous  establishment of Scots pine seedlings is presently a widespread phenomenon in  aging stands. Different regeneration patterns are found. Mainly due to the  lengthening of the rotation in combination with the ingrowth of several  hardwood species, the homogeneous Scots pine stands are gradually and  spontaneously transformed into heterogeneous mixed stands, featuring a  noticeable increase of biodiversity.     Nevertheless, selected human interventions may further increase  biodiversity. The fundamental management principles are discussed: avoidance  of big disturbances, lengthening of the rotation period, use of native tree  species, utilization of natural regeneration, protection of small valuable  biotopes and permanent monitoring.

scholarly journals The Recovery of Damaged Pine Forests in an Area Formerly Polluted by Nitrogen

2001 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 384-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kestutis Armolaitis ◽  
Vidas Stakenas
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Nitrogen Pollution ◽  
Pine Forests ◽  
Ground Vegetation ◽  
Positive Trend ◽  
Pine Stands ◽  
Scots Pine Stands

An area in Lithuania containing coniferous stands of Scots pine and Norway spruce that were dead or damaged due to nitrogen pollution by a nitrogen fertilizer plant (JV Achema) was found to have expanded between 1974 and 1989 to a distance of 20 to 25 km northeast of the plant in the direction of prevailing winds. Over the last 10 years, when nitrogen pollution by the plant had decreased, a clear process of recovery of the damaged ecosystems could be observed. The following features of this process as it occurred in damaged Scots pine stands are discussed: (1) refoliation (or decreased defoliation) of damaged trees, where a clear positive trend could be observed; (2) changes in the species composition and in the covering by ground vegetation, where small changes and indication of less-nitrophilous species coverage could be detected; and (3) chemical and acidity changes in Luvisols and Arenosols, where a significant decrease could be seen especially concerning nitrate concentrations.

scholarly journals Evaluating the effect of stand properties and site conditions on the forest reflectance from Sentinel-2 time series

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. e0248459
Author(s):  
Ewa Grabska ◽  
Jarosław Socha
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Silver Fir ◽  
Mountainous Area ◽  
Site Conditions ◽  
Common Beech ◽  
Beech Stand ◽  
Pine Stands ◽  
Scots Pine Stands ◽  
Sentinel 2

Forest stand reflectance at the canopy level results from various factors, such as vegetation chemical properties, leaf morphology, canopy structure, and tree sizes. These factors are dependent on the species, age, and health statuses of trees, as well as the site conditions. Sentinel-2 imagery with the high spatial, spectral, and temporal resolution, has enabled analysis of the relationships between vegetation properties and their spectral responses at large spatial scales. A comprehensive study of these relationships is needed to understand the drivers of vegetation spectral patterns and is essential from the point of view of remote sensing data interpretation. Our study aimed to quantify the site and forest parameters affecting forest stands reflectance. The analysis was conducted for common beech-, silver fir- and Scots pine-dominated stands in a mountainous area of the Polish Carpathians. The effect of stands and site properties on reflectance in different parts of the growing season was captured using the dense time series provided by Sentinel-2 from 2018–2019. The results indicate that the reflectance of common beech stands is mainly influenced by elevation, particularly during spring and autumn. Other factors influencing beech stand reflectance include the share of the broadleaved understory, aspect, and, during summer, the age of stands. The reflectance of coniferous species, i.e., Scots pine and silver fir, is mainly influenced by the age and stand properties, namely the crown closure and stand density. The age is a primary driver for silver fir stands reflectance changes, while the stand properties have a large impact on Scots pine stands reflectance. Also, the understory influences Scots pine stands reflectance, while there appears to be no impact on silver fir stands. The influence of the abovementioned factors is highly diverse, depending on the used band and time of the season.

scholarly journals Phytosociological analysis of basophilic Scots pine forests in the Southeastern Alps

Hacquetia ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-80
Author(s):  
Andrej Rozman ◽  
Igor Dakskobler ◽  
Urban Šilc
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Habitat Type ◽  
Hierarchical Classification ◽  
Natura 2000 ◽  
Pine Forests ◽  
Forest Site ◽  
New Association ◽  
Scots Pine Forests ◽  
Phytosociological Relevés ◽  
Scots Pine Forest

AbstractBased on hierarchical classification of more than 300 phytosociological relevés of basophilic black and (or) Scots pine communities in the Southern, Eastern and Southeastern Alps we described a new association Rhodothamno chamaecisti-Pinetum sylvestris, into which we classify stands that have until now been discussed in the framework of subassociations Fraxino orni-Pinetum nigrae pinetosum sylvestris, laricetosum deciduae and (partly) caricetosum humilis, and are floristically slightly similar also to certain forms of the association Erico-Pinetum sylvestris. The stands of the new association are for now classified into Natura 2000 habitat type Southeastern-European Pinus sylvestris forests (91R0), within it we propose a special habitat subtype Southeastern-Alpine Scots pine forests, and into a new forest site type Southeastern-Alpine Scots pine forest. At the contact of the Julian and Dinaric Alps we described a new subassociation Genisto januensis-Pinetum sylvestris campanuletosum cespitosae, which comprises also a Natura 2000 species Primula carniolica.

scholarly journals Chemical characteristics of soils in Scots pine forests of Cladina and Vaccinium vitis-idaea site types on coastal dunes of Baltic Sea

2008 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malle Mandre ◽  
Mari Tilk ◽  
Priit Kõresaar
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Coastal Dunes ◽  
Mineral Nutrients ◽  
Pine Forests ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Forest Site ◽  
Scots Pine Forests ◽  
Site Types

Chemical characteristics of soils in Scots pine forests of Cladina and Vaccinium vitis-idaea site types on coastal dunes of Baltic Sea The coastal dunes of Southwest Estonia have been undergoing a process of stabilisation and are today covered predominantly with Scots pine forests. For the investigation of soils on dunes sampling sites were selected according to topographical positions and forest site types: two sites in Cladina and two sites in Vaccinium vitis-idaea site types on dunes of different heights. The prevailing soils on dunes are Gleyic Podzols, which are generally poor in humus, water and mineral nutrients. Great differences in soil chemical components were found on the foots, slopes and tops of the dunes depending on the height of the dune. The study showed that the concentration of macronutrients (N, K, Ca, Mg) in soil decreased from the foot towards the top. On the other hand, a serious decrease in the nutrient concentration from the O horizon to the BC horizon was typical of the dunes. The soils were generally acidic, with the pH of 3.4-5.5 in the studied sampling sites. The soils were more acidic on the foots of the dune and in the O and A horizons.

scholarly journals Vegetation diversity of the Scots pine stands in different forest sites in the Turawa Forest District

2014 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewa Stefańska-Krzaczek ◽  
Paweł Pech
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Indicator Species ◽  
Forest Site ◽  
Tree Stand ◽  
Vegetation Diversity ◽  
Site Type ◽  
Forest Sites ◽  
Pine Stands ◽  
Scots Pine Stands ◽  
Site Types

Abstract The utility of phytocenotic indices in the diagnosis and classification of forest sites might be limited because of vegetation degeneration in managed forests. However, even in secondary communities it may be possible to determine indicator species, although these may differ from typical and well known plant indicators. The aim of this work was to assess the vegetation diversity of Scots pine stands in representative forest site types along a moisture and fertility gradient. In total 120 sample plots from Turawa forests were included in the study. These plots represented young (21-40 years) and old (> 80 years) Scots-pine-dominated stands. The forest sites were categorised according to Polish site classification. Four site categories were studied: Bśw (very nutrient-poor and mesic sites), BMśw (nutrient-poor and mesic sites), BMw (nutrient-poor and moist sites), LMw (quite nutrient-rich and moist sites). The species composition of the forest patches studied hardly differed among forest site types. Almost all of the vegetation in site Bśw was different from both moist site types (BMw and LMw). Sites Bśw and LMw had the exclusive species determined as site indicators. Moreover, young stands had their own site type indicator species which differed from old stands. Numerical classification showed that only two plant communities were widespread: Leucobryo- Pinetum in Bśw and BMśw, and the community of Pinus sylvestris and Molinia caerulea in BMśw, BMw, LMw. In secondary communities typical indicator species may not be useful, but it is possible to determinate species that are locally unique to forest site type. Despite the convergence in the composition of the plant community resulting from tree stand unification, plant communities have the capacity for a more diverse composition. Tree stand conversion can increase phytocenotic diversity

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