scholarly journals Peri-operative imaging techniques of the sentinel lymph node in veterinary oncology

2021 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
pp. 115-124
Author(s):  
P. De Bie ◽  
S. Favril ◽  
S. De Vos ◽  
H. De Rooster
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Node ◽  
Sentinel Lymph Node ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Lymphatic Vessels ◽  
Metastatic Tumor ◽  
Mapping Technique ◽  
Distant Metastatic Disease ◽  
Metastatic Cells ◽  
Lymphatic Pathway

When cancer cells spread through lymphatic vessels, the first lymph node they reach is the sentinel lymph node (SLN). Hence, if the SLN is free from metastatic cells, it can be assumed that further lymph nodes will be free of metastatic tumor cells too. If metastatic tumor cells are identified in the SLN, the patient is at risk of developing distant metastatic disease. In that case, further diagnostic and therapeutic steps are needed and the patient’s prognosis gets worse. The SLN can be located at an anatomically unpredictable location. This is likely due to lymphangiogenesis, which alters the normal lymphatic pathway and drains the metastatic cells to another lymph node than the expected anatomically closest one. Therefore, identifying the SLN by an accurate mapping technique is necessary. In this article, the existing techniques for SLN mapping are reviewed, and their use in human and veterinary medicine is compared.

scholarly journals IL-1α secreted by subcapsular sinus macrophages promotes melanoma metastasis in the sentinel lymph node by upregulating STAT3 signaling in the tumor.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tommaso Virgilio ◽  
Joy Bordini ◽  
Giulio Sartori ◽  
Irene Latino ◽  
Daniel Molina-Romero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Node ◽  
Sentinel Lymph Node ◽  
Tumor Antigens ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Lymphatic Vessels ◽  
The Body ◽  
Melanoma Metastasis ◽  
Metastatic Cells ◽  
Subcapsular Sinus ◽  
Metastatic Microenvironment

During melanoma metastasization, tumor cells originated in the skin migrate via lymphatic vessels to the sentinel lymph node (sLN) in a process that facilitates their spread across the body. Here, we characterized the innate inflammatory responses to melanoma metastasis in the sLN. For this purpose, we confirmed the migration of fluorescent metastatic melanoma cells to the sLN and we characterized the inflammatory response in the metastatic microenvironment. We found that macrophages located in the subcapsular sinus (SSM), produce pro-tumoral IL-1α after recognition of tumor antigens. Moreover, we confirmed that the administration of an anti-IL-1α depleting antibody reduced metastasis. Conversely, the administration of recombinant IL-1α accelerated the lymphatic spreading of the tumor. Additionally, the elimination of the macrophages significantly reduced the progression of the metastatic spread. To understand the mechanism of action of IL-1α in the context of the lymph node microenvironment, we applied single-cell RNA sequencing to dissected metastases obtained from animals treated with an anti-IL-1α blocking antibody. Amongst the different pathways affected, we identified STAT3 as one of the main targets of IL-1α signaling in metastatic cells. Moreover, we found that the anti-IL-1α anti-tumoral effect was not mediated by lymphocytes, as IL-1R1 KO mice did not show any improvement in metastasis growth. Finally, we found a synergistic anti-metastatic effect of the combination of IL-1α blocking and the STAT3 inhibitor (STAT3i) stattic. In summary, we described a new mechanism by which SSM support melanoma metastasis, highlighting a new target for immunotherapy.

scholarly journals Does small volume metastatic lymph node disease affect long-term prognosis in early cervical cancer?

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 285-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andra Nica ◽  
Lilian T Gien ◽  
Sarah Elizabeth Ferguson ◽  
Allan Covens
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Lymph Node ◽  
Sentinel Lymph Node ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Adjuvant Treatment ◽  
Small Volume ◽  
Pelvic Lymphadenectomy ◽  
Isolated Tumor Cells ◽  
Nodal Disease ◽  
Free Survival

IntroductionAs sentinel lymph node biopsy is evolving to an accepted standard of care, clinicians are being faced with more frequent cases of small volume nodal metastatic disease. The objective of this study is to describe the management and to measure the effect on recurrence rates of nodal micrometastasis and isolated tumor cells in patients with early stage cervical cancer at two high-volume centers.MethodsWe conducted a review of prospectively collected patients with surgically treated cervical cancer who were found to have micrometastasis or isolated tumor cells on ultrastaging of the sentinel lymph node. Our practice is to follow patients for ≥5 years post-operatively either at our center or another cancer center closer to home.ResultsNineteen patients with small volume nodal disease were identified between 2006 and 2018. Median follow-up was 62 months. Ten (53%) had nodal micrometastatic disease, while nine (47%) had isolated tumor cells detected in the sentinel lymph node. Seven patients (37%) underwent completion pelvic lymphadenectomy and four of them also had para-aortic lymphadenectomy; there were no positive non-sentinel lymph nodes. The majority (74%) received adjuvant treatment, mostly driven by tumor factors. We observed two recurrences. Recurrence-free survival was comparable with historical cohorts of node negative patients, and adjuvant treatment did not seem to impact the recurrence rate (p=0.5).ConclusionGiven the uncertainties around the prognostic significance of small volume nodal disease in cervical cancer, a large proportion of patients receive adjuvant treatment. We found no positive non-sentinel lymph nodes, suggesting that pelvic lymphadenectomy or para-aortic lymphadenectomy may not be of benefit in patients diagnosed with small volume nodal metastases. Recurrence-free survival in this group did not seem to be affected. However, given the small numbers of patients and lack of level 1 evidence, decisions should be individualized in accordance with patient preferences and tumor factors.

Targeted killing of metastatic cells using a platelet-inspired drug delivery system

RSC Advances ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (57) ◽  
pp. 46218-46228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor Pan ◽  
Preethi N. Siva ◽  
Christa L. Modery-Pawlowski ◽  
Ujjal Didar Singh Sekhon ◽  
Anirban Sen Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Drug Delivery System ◽  
Targeted Drug Delivery ◽  
Metastatic Tumor ◽  
Targeted Killing ◽  
Metastatic Cells ◽  
System P ◽  
Delivery Vehicles ◽  
Targeted Drug

Pro-metastatic tumor cells in circulation interact with active platelets that mediate various mechanisms of hematologic metastasis. Elucidating and utilizing these interactions on delivery vehicles can provide unique ways of metastasis-targeted drug delivery.

scholarly journals Prevention of tumor metastasis formation by anti-variant CD44.

1993 ◽  
Vol 177 (2) ◽  
pp. 443-455 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Seiter ◽  
R Arch ◽  
S Reber ◽  
D Komitowski ◽  
M Hofmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Node ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Lung Metastases ◽  
Metastatic Tumor ◽  
Immune Defense ◽  
Specific Domain ◽  
Ligand Interaction ◽  
Metastatic Behavior ◽  
Draining Lymph Node ◽  
New Strategies

A splice variant of CD44 (CD44v) originally discovered on metastases of a rat pancreatic adenocarcinoma (BSp73ASML) has been shown by transfection to confer metastatic behavior to nonmetastatic tumor cells (Günthert U., M. Hofmann, W. Rudy, S. Reber, M. Zöller, I. Haussmann, S. Matzku, A. Wenzel, H. Ponta, and P. Herrlich. 1991. Cell. 65:13). A monoclonal antibody (mAb), 1.1ASML, to the metastasis-specific domain of the CD44v molecule retards growth of lymph node and lung metastases of the metastatic tumor line BSp73ASML, and can efficiently prevent formation of metastases by the transfected line. The antibody is only effective when given before lymph node colonization. Anti-CD44v does not downregulate the expression of CD44v, and prevention of metastatic growth by anti-CD44v is not due to activation of any kind of immune defense. We suggest that the mAb interferes with proliferation of metastasizing tumor cells in the draining lymph node, most probably by blocking a ligand interaction. The interference with metastatic spread will greatly facilitate the exploration of the function of CD44v and, in particular, may also open new strategies for the therapy of human metastases.

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