Onderduikers en vluchtelingen na de Tweede Wereldoorlog: een nieuwe onderzoekspiste

2008 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-65
Author(s):  
Frank Seberechts
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Catholic Church ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Additional Research ◽  
Foreign Affairs ◽  
World War ◽  
The Past ◽  
Hard Evidence ◽  
Second World ◽  
The Catholic Church

Op het einde van de Tweede Wereldoorlog slaagde een aantal nazi's en collaborateurs erin onder te duiken of de vlucht te nemen naar het buitenland. In deze bijdrage proberen we een aanzet te geven voor verder onderzoek.Volgens nazi-jager Simon Wiesenthal werd kort na de oorlog een organisatie van voormalige SS-ers opgericht, met de naam 'Odessa'. Die zorgde voor vluchtroutes en dekmantels voor voormalige nazi's. Veel harde bewijzen voor het bestaan van een dergelijk netwerk werden tot nog toe niet gevonden. Hoewel Wiesenthals versie vaak kritiekloos werd overgenomen door heel wat auteurs, rees in de voorbije jaren steeds meer twijfel.Ook in Vlaanderen doken nazi's en collaborateurs onder, of ze slaagden erin naar het buitenland (vooral Spanje, Ierland en Zuid-Amerika) te ontkomen. Bij hun onderduiken en hun vlucht konden zij rekenen op de steun van medestanders in België en in de omringende landen. Er bestonden wel degelijk ontsnappingslijnen voor ondergedoken incivieken. De ondersteuning van de onderneming werd wellicht mogelijk gemaakt door lotgenoten, sympathisanten en de katholieke kerk. Voor zover we tot nu toe konden nagaan, was er ook in België echter geen sprake van een alomvattend netwerk van steunverlening aan ondergedoken en vluchtende collaborateurs. Toch dient dit verder onderzocht. Bronnen voor verder onderzoek bevinden zich onder meer in het ADVN, het Ministerie van Buitenlandse Zaken en in diverse buitenlandse archieven.________Persons in hiding and fugitives after the Second World War: a new area of researchAt the end of the Second World War a number of Nazis and collaborators managed to go into hiding or take refuge abroad. In this contribution we attempt to instigate further research into this subject.According to Nazi-hunter Simon Wiesenthal an organisation of former SS members, called 'Odessa', was founded shortly after the war. It provided escape routes and covers for former Nazis. Until now not much hard evidence has been found for the existence of such a network. Although quite a few authors often repeated Wiesenthal’s version without criticism, doubts concerning these matters have increased over the past years.In Flanders Nazis and collaborators also went into hiding or managed to escape abroad (particularly to Spain, Ireland and South America). When they went into hiding or took refuge they could count on the support of their associates in Belgium and surrounding countries. There were indeed escape lines for collaborators in hiding. It is possible that the enterprise was facilitated by fellow-sufferers, sympathizers and the Catholic Church. In as far as we have been able to verify until now, however, there was no question of the existence in Belgium of a comprehensive network to assist collaborators in hiding and in flight. Yet this deserves further investigation. Sources for additional research may be found among others in the ADVN, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and in various foreign archives.

No Popery’s Ghost

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 116-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clive D. Field
Keyword(s):  
Catholic Church ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Second World War ◽  
British History ◽  
World War ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
Second World ◽  
Opinion Polls ◽  
Representative Samples ◽  
The Catholic Church

Anti-Catholicism has been a feature of British history from the Reformation, but it has been little studied for the period since the Second World War, and rarely using quantitative methods. A thematically-arranged aggregate analysis of around 180 opinion polls among representative samples of adults since the 1950s offers insights into developing attitudes of the British public to Catholics and the Catholic Church. Anti-Catholicism against individual Catholics is found to have diminished. Negativity toward the Catholic Church and its leadership has increased, especially since the Millennium. Generic and specific explanations are offered for these trends, within the context of other manifestations of religious prejudice and other religious changes.

South Asian Developmental Crisis (Review Article)

1973 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-188
Author(s):  
Rafiq Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Great Depression ◽  
Political Independence ◽  
Integrated Theory ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
Developed World ◽  
Second World ◽  
Made In

Like nations and civilizations, sciences also pass through period of crises when established theories are overthrown by the unpredictable behaviour of events. Economics is passing through such a crisis. The challenge thrown by the Great Depression of early 1930s took a decade before Keynes re-established the supremacy of economics. But this supremacy has again been upset by the crisis of poverty in the vast under-developed world which attained political independence after the Second World War. Poverty had always existed but never before had it been of such concern to economists as during the past twenty five years or so. Economic literature dealing with this problem has piled up but so have the agonies of poverty. No plausible and well-integrated theory of economic development or under-development has emerged so far, though brilliant advances have been made in isolated directions.

«The enemy of my enemy»: actions of Azerbaijan «Musavat» party in Germany (1933–1939)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Й. Шнелле
Keyword(s):  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Third Reich ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Foreign Affairs ◽  
World War ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Third Reich ◽  
Second World

В данной статье рассматриваются отношения "Мусават", бывшей правящей партии Азербайджанской Республики и наиболее активной партии азербайджанских эмигрантов, с Третьим Рейхом в довоенный период. В 1933–1939 гг. Германия сыграла большую роль для партии «Мусават» в поисках союзников в борьбе против СССР. Мусаватисты некоторое время сотрудничали с Антикоминтерном в области антикоммунистической пропаганды и в 1939 г. были под покровительством Внешнеполитического управления НСДАП. Тем не менее положение «Мусават» в Германии оставалось неустойчивым вплоть до начала Второй мировой войны, надежды этой партии на эффективную поддержку со стороны Берлина не оправдались. The article examines relations between «Musavat», the former leading party of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic and the most active party of Azerbaijan immigrants, and the Third Reich during the pre-war period. In 1933–1939 Germany helped the party in search for anti-Soviet allies. Members of «Musavat» collaborated with the Anti-Comintern in Anti-Bolshevik Propaganda activities in 1939, they were under the NSDAP Office of Foreign Affairs protection. Never the less «Musavat» party haven’t gained a steady position till the beginning of the Second World War, it’s hopes for effective help and support from Berlin were not realized.

“Product Not Available in Pre-War Quantities – but Quality Remains the Same”: Remarks on Advertisements as Historical Sources

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Saryusz-Wolska
Keyword(s):  
Social Norms ◽  
Economic History ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
World War ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
The Past ◽  
German Press ◽  
Post War ◽  
Second World

The article focuses on advertisements as visual and historical sources. The material comes from the German press that appeared immediately after the end of the Second World War. During this time, all kinds of products were scarce. In comparison to this, colorful advertisements of luxury products are more than noteworthy. What do these images tell us about the early post-war years in Germany? The author argues that advertisements are a medium that shapes social norms. Rather than reflecting the historical realities, advertisements construct them. From an aesthetical and cultural point of view, advertisements gave thus a sense of continuity between the pre- and post-war years. The author suggests, therefore, that the advertisements should not be treated as a source for economic history. They are, however, important for studying social developments that occurred in the past.

Amnesia, aphasia and amnesty: the articulations of Italian colonial memory in postwar films (1946–1960)

Modern Italy ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Gianmarco Mancosu
Keyword(s):  
Second World War ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
Critical Discourse ◽  
World War ◽  
The Past ◽  
Politics And Culture ◽  
National Reconstruction ◽  
The Voice ◽  
Second World ◽  
Previous Scholarship

This article aims to expose the political and cultural processes that contributed to the eradication of problematic memories of the Italian colonial period during the national reconstruction following the Second World War. It offers a systematic examination of newsreels and documentaries about the Italian former colonies that were produced between 1946 and 1960, a film corpus that has largely been neglected by previous scholarship. The article first dissects the ambiguous political scenario that characterised the production of this footage through the study of original archival findings. The footage configured a particular form of self-exculpatory memory, which obstructed a thorough critique of the colonial period while articulating a new discourse about the future presence of Italy in the former colonies. This seems to be a case of aphasia rather than amnesia, insofar as the films addressed not an absence, but an inability to comprehend and articulate a critical discourse about the past. This aphasic configuration of colonial memories will be tackled through a close reading of the voice-over and commentary. In so doing, this work suggests that the footage actively contributed to spread un-problematised narratives and memories about the colonial period, whose results still infiltrate Italian contemporary society, politics and culture.

Bedreigde bouwvallen

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 218-234
Author(s):  
PURMER MICHIEL ◽  
HENK BAAS
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Postwar Period ◽  
World War ◽  
Conservation And Development ◽  
The Past ◽  
Practical Guide ◽  
Office Space ◽  
Second World

Threatened ruins. Castle remains in the Dutch landscape anno 2019 In The Netherlands, around 80 castle ruins are preserved. In 1997, a book was dedicated to the castle ruin. A year later, one of the authors of this paper investigated castle remains as part of a historical geographical inventory. In 2012, the Dutch State Heritage Agency wrote a practical guide for the conservation and development of castle ruins. In this article, the authors describe the development of ruins in the past 20 years. They tried to investigate the development of the castle ruins since the late nineties and tried to categorize this. Rebuilding of the castle, partly or totally, appeared in almost 10% of all ruins. In other cases, there was attention for the touristic infrastructure around the ruin. In most cases however (68%), the ruins stayed more or less intact, with sometimes careful consolidation or restoration. Sometimes, the surroundings of the ruin changed dramatically with the development of housing, infrastructure or other forms of urbanization. In other examples, historical gardens were restored or reconstructed. There are however several plans for the rebuilding or reconstruction of ruins. These plans often provide the new castle with functions, from wedding location to hotel or office-space. This could be a good development for castles destroyed relatively short ago, i.e. in the Second World War or in de postwar period. Many ruins are however destroyed centuries ago. Given the limited amount of ruins in The Netherlands and the sometimes centuries old development of the landscape and the ruin itself, the authors plea for more attention for the castle ruins as such.

scholarly journals Extending the archaeological frontier: A review of work on the prehistory of North Queensland

1984 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 173-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
John B. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Additional Research ◽  
Research Projects ◽  
World War ◽  
False Start ◽  
Archaeological Work ◽  
Work Up ◽  
Second World

Work on the archaeological frontier of the vast region known as North Queensland is still very much in its infancy, though ten years ago it had hardly even been born. As with work on the prehistory of Australia in general (Mulvaney 1971, 1975; Horton 1981a), work on the prehistory of North Queensland has had a number of "false starts". During and after the Second World War there was at times a certain limited amount of amateur interest and even the odd amateur excavation (e.g. Stephens 1945). Professional archaeological work had a "false start" in the early 1960s (Wright 1964, 1971) and then a new, more permanent start in the mid-1970s. A review of work up till 1979 may be found in Coventry et al. (1980). The early 1980s have already seen the commencement of many additional research projects, at least compared with what had happened before, though North Queensland is certainly still quite a long way from being filled up with archaeological projects. In addition to mainstream research, since about 1980 there has also been, at long last, a reasonable increase in the number of environmental impact surveys being carried out which have actually included an archaeological component, though this has sometimes been added as an afterthought. I will not attempt to review the environmental impact work, as much of it is still inaccessible and most of it only reports surface occurrences.

scholarly journals Nexos entre México y Europa Centro-Oriental

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 17-32
Author(s):  
Mónika Szente-Varga
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
National Archive ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Foreign Affairs ◽  
Diplomatic Relations ◽  
World War ◽  
Central Eastern Europe ◽  
Bilateral Relations ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Second World

The first diplomatic and consular relations were established between Mexico and the Habsburg Empire in the 1800 s, motivated basically by commerdal reasons and dynastic interests. These got to an abrupt end with the execution of Emperor Maximilian in Querétaro in 1867, and diplomatic relations were resumed only decades later, in 1901, which is, in fact, our starting point. This essay examines the development of diplomatic relations between Mexico and Central-Eastern Europe from the beginning of the 20'' centuiy until nowadays. It is divided into chronological chapters, where we study bilateral relations in the coordinates of the following periods: beginning of the century, the period between the two world wars, the Second World War, Cold War and recent years. The investigation in based on documents of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Mexico (SRE-AHD) and of the Hungarian National Archive (MOL).

The Belgian national past: Between commemoration and silence

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valerie Rosoux ◽  
Laurence van Ypersele
Keyword(s):  
First World War ◽  
Second World War ◽  
The Other ◽  
World War ◽  
The Past ◽  
The First World War ◽  
The One ◽  
Memory Conflicts ◽  
Second World ◽  
First World

This article examines the gradual deconstruction of the Belgian national identity. Is it possible to speak of a de facto differentiation or even ‘federalization’ of the so-called ‘national past’ in Belgium? How do Belgians choose to remember and forget this past? To contribute to an understanding of these issues, the article considers two very different episodes of Belgian history, namely the First World War and the colonization of the Congo. On the one hand, the memory of the First World War appears to provide the template for memory conflicts in Belgium, and thus informs the memories of other tragedies such as the Second World War. On the other hand, the memory of the colonial past remains much more consensual – providing a more nuanced picture of competing views on the past. Beyond the differences between the ways in which these episodes are officially portrayed, the same fundamental trend may be observed: the gradual fragmentation of a supposedly smooth and reliable national version of history.

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