scholarly journals Statistical analyses of morphological variation in the Gymnopodium floribundum complex (Polygonaceae): definition of three subspecies

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan José Ancona ◽  
Juan Javier Ortiz-Díaz ◽  
Efrain De Luna ◽  
Juan Tun-Garrido ◽  
Roberto Carlos Barrientos-Medina
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Shape ◽  
Morphological Variability ◽  
Data Matrix ◽  
Canonical Variate ◽  
Distribution Area ◽  
Quantitative Characters ◽  
Morphometric Analyses ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Perianth Segment ◽  
Definition Of

Background and Aims: Morphological variability in Gymnopodium floribundum along its distribution area has been the source of taxonomic and nomenclatural inconsistencies, sometimes recognizing up to three species and two varieties. In this paper we present morphometric analyses of variation in 224 specimens of G. floribundum in order to determine the existence of morphological patterns that correspond to geographically structured phenotypic diversity.Methods: The data matrix consisted of 224 specimens and 32 characters, 21 were quantitative and 11 qualitative. A dendrogram was estimated with UPGMA’s algorithm and the Gower´s coefficient. The 21 quantitative characters were subjected to principal components analysis. With the groups identified in the dendrogram, we performed a PERMANOVA using all quantitative characters. Canonical Variate Analyses of leaf shape and perianth segment shape of all specimens were executed.Key results: The results of multivariate analyses suggest the existence of three phenetic groups, which mostly correspond to three geographic regions: Belize, the Pacific Coastal Plain and the Yucatán Peninsula. These groups are distinguished by the presence or absence of indument on leaf blade, ochrea and petiole, the distances between the floral fascicles, and the length and width of the external and internal segments of the perianth. Two of the geographic groups correspond to infraspecific taxa previously recognized by Standley and Steyermark. Our distances and shape morphometric analyses uncover a third group from the southern Pacific region which presents novel characters.Conclusions: Based on these results we raise the rank of two varieties G. floribundum var. antigonoides and G. floribundum var. floribundumto subspecies, and propose to recognize a new third subspecies: Gymnopodium floribundum subsp. chiapensis.

scholarly journals Leaf morpho-anatomical diversity in Echeveria gigantea (Crassulaceae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (2) ◽  
pp. 218
Author(s):  
Estela Sandoval-Zapotitla ◽  
Daniel M. Martínez-Quezada ◽  
Jerónimo Reyes-Santiago ◽  
María de los Ángeles Islas-Luna ◽  
Ulises Rosas
Keyword(s):  
Comparison Group ◽  
Leaf Shape ◽  
Morphological Variability ◽  
Taxonomic Group ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
Morphometric Analyses ◽  
Specific Hybridization ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Relationship

<p class="Normal1"><strong>Background.</strong> Distinguishing species and populations in Crassulaceae is challenging because of the morphological variability and inter-specific hybridization. Currently our understanding of the morphological and anatomical features in <em>Echeveria</em> is poor, and therefore it is difficult to delimit species, and morphotypes within the species. </p><p class="Normal1"><strong>Question.</strong> Our objective was to describe the foliar anatomy and the shape of accessions in <em>E. gigantea.</em> We used <em>E. gibbiflora</em>, another species in the series as a comparison group. Comparing the two species allowed us to evaluate the relationship between anatomy and morphology in <em>E. gigantea</em>.</p><p class="Normal1"><strong>Methods. </strong>We performed a survey of anatomical features in seven accessions of <em>E. gigantea</em>, and one accession of <em>E. gibbiflora</em>. We obtained epidermal prints, leaf sections, performed geometric and morphometric analyses.</p><p class="Normal1"><strong>Results. </strong>We found that 65  % of the anatomical traits are heterogeneous among the taxonomic units. Our analysis showed that <em>E. gibbiflora</em> and some <em>E. gigantea </em>accessions share extensive anatomical similarities. There was variation within the <em>E. gigantea</em>, suggesting that at least one of the accessions is an independent taxonomic group. The traits with the largest contribution to variation between the groups were related to the epidermis, the hypodermis, the type of vascular bundles and the collenchyma associated to the vascular bundles. In addition we quantified the variation in leaf shape. Interestingly, we found correlations between the organ shape and anatomical traits.</p><p class="normal"><strong>Conclusion. </strong>These analyses provide information about traits towards the morpho-anatomical definition of <em>E. gigantea</em> variation and suggest developmental correlation yet to be explained.</p>

scholarly journals Cave shrimps Troglocaris s. str. (Dormitzer, 1853), taxonomic revision and description of new taxa after phylogenetic and morphometric studies

Zootaxa ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 3421 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
JURE JUGOVIC ◽  
BRANKO JALŽIĆ ◽  
SIMONA PREVORČNIK ◽  
BORIS SKET
Keyword(s):  
Type Species ◽  
Morphological Variability ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Coi Gene ◽  
Distribution Area ◽  
Molecular Analyses ◽  
Morphometric Analyses ◽  
Morphological Distinction

Within the Dinaric genus Troglocaris cave shrimps from the subgenus Troglocaris s. str. (Dormitzer, 1853) (Crustacea:Decapoda: Atyidae), have the widest distribution area. The recent molecular analyses have revealed significant, crypticdiversity in the subgenus. The aim of the subsequent detailed morphometric analyses was the provision of the appropriatediagnosable characters for the discovered lineages, i.e. taking care of their taxonomical visibility. We herein designate aneotype and provide a detailed description for the polytipic type species of the genus T. (T.) anophthalmus (Kollar, 1848), toenable its morphological distinction from the erroneously described T. (T.) planinensis Birštejn, 1948. Considering acombination of morphological, geographical and molecular data, we describe four new subspecies: T. (T.) a. ocellata ssp. nov.,T. (T.) a. periadriatica ssp. nov., T. (T.) a. legovici ssp. nov. and T. (T.) a. sontica ssp. nov., apart from the extant T. (T.) a.intermedia Babić, 1922. Due to a considerable morphological variability and no easily observable diagnostic morphological characters, the GenBank accession numbers for the COI gene are added in all mentioned taxa.

scholarly journals Leaf geometric morphometric analyses of Callicarpa and Geunsia (Lamiaceae) in the Malesian region

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Danila ◽  
GRECEBIO JONATHAN D. ALEJANDRO
Keyword(s):  
Geometric Morphometrics ◽  
Leaf Shape ◽  
Canonical Variate ◽  
Leaf Margin ◽  
Geometric Morphometric ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Morphometric Analyses ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Distinguishing Features ◽  
Landmark Position

Abstract. Danila JS, Alejandro GJD. 2021. Leaf geometric morphometric analyses of Callicarpa and Geunsia (Lamiaceae) in the Malesian region. Biodiversitas 22: 4379-4390. Leaves are one of the most substantial organs of plants for it serves as a basis of species identification. Leaf morphology provides distinguishing features that help in the discrimination of plant species as well as investigation of leaf features among populations. This study aimed to investigate leaf shape variations between the two genera Geunsia Blume group and its closely related taxon, Callicarpa L. (Lamiaceae) using a landmark-based geometric morphometric method. The differences in the leaf shape among former members of Geunsia, namely C. apoensis, C. basilanensis, C. flavida, C. paloensis, C. pentandra, C. ramiflora, and C. surigaensis are also evaluated. Two primary landmarks and 14 semilandmarks were assigned in all samples to represent changes around the leaf margin. The Procrustes fit was generated using MorphoJ software which displays the mean and landmark position for individual configurations. Canonical Variate Analysis (CVA) and Mahalanobis Distance (MD) were able to discriminate all samples of Geunsia species using a scatter plot. Furthermore, Procrustes ANOVA showed a significant difference (P = 0.0082) among the seven species of the Geunsia group. Based on the results obtained, geometric morphometrics of leaf shape is effective in interspecific discrimination within members of Geunsia. However, the result of Discriminant Analysis (DA) showed that Geunsia and Callicarpa groups made leaf shape differences inefficient in discriminating the two genera. Therefore, further morphological studies on landmark-based geometric morphometrics of leaf shape involving a larger number of samples especially in the study of intergeneric classification are suggested.

MONARCHS, TRAVELLERS AND EMPIRE IN THE PACIFIC'S AGE OF REVOLUTIONS

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 77-96
Author(s):  
Sujit Sivasundaram
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Islanders ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Global History ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Cultural Terms ◽  
The Pacific Ocean ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Uk ◽  
A Site

AbstractThe Pacific has often been invisible in global histories written in the UK. Yet it has consistently been a site for contemplating the past and the future, even among Britons cast on its shores. In this lecture, I reconsider a critical moment of globalisation and empire, the ‘age of revolutions’ at the end of the eighteenth century and the start of the nineteenth century, by journeying with European voyagers to the Pacific Ocean. The lecture will point to what this age meant for Pacific islanders, in social, political and cultural terms. It works with a definition of the Pacific's age of revolutions as a surge of indigeneity met by a counter-revolutionary imperialism. What was involved in undertaking a European voyage changed in this era, even as one important expedition was interrupted by news from revolutionary Europe. Yet more fundamentally vocabularies and practices of monarchy were consolidated by islanders across the Pacific. This was followed by the outworkings of counter-revolutionary imperialism through agreements of alliance and alleged cessation. Such an argument allows me, for instance, to place the 1806 wreck of the Port-au-Prince within the Pacific's age of revolutions. This was an English ship used to raid French and Spanish targets in the Pacific, but which was stripped of its guns, iron, gunpowder and carronades by Tongans. To chart the trajectory from revolution and islander agency on to violence and empire is to appreciate the unsettled paths that gave rise to our modern world. This view foregrounds people who inhabited and travelled through the earth's oceanic frontiers. It is a global history from a specific place in the oceanic south, on the opposite side of the planet to Europe.

Taxonomic relationships of Nearctic small-footed bats of the Myotis leibii group (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae)

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (12) ◽  
pp. 2519-2526 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. G. van Zyll de Jong
Keyword(s):  
Canonical Variate Analysis ◽  
Canonical Variate ◽  
Separate Species ◽  
Taxonomic Relationships ◽  
Morphometric Analyses ◽  
Cranial Measurements ◽  
Variate Analysis ◽  
Myotis Leibii

Crania and bacula of five taxa of small-footed bats of the leibii group, comprising two currently recognised species, Myotis californicus and M. leibii, were studied to elucidate their interrelationships. Canonical variate analysis of 14 cranial measurements shows the existence of three distinct nonoverlapping clusters corresponding to (i) M. californicus, (ii) M. I. ciliolabrum and M. I. melanorhinus, and (iii) M. I. leibii. The results of the morphometric analyses do not support the claim that M. I. leibii and M. I. melanorhinus intergrade in Oklahoma. The taxonomic interpretation of the results is that the western forms of M. leibii represent a separate species M. ciliolabrum (Mcrriam). The bacula of the taxa studied lack distinctive characters that would allow one to discriminate between the species of the leibii group.

Two new Phallodriline genera of marine Oligochaeta (Annelida: Tubificidae) from the Pacific Northeast

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (10) ◽  
pp. 2487-2500 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. R. Baker
Keyword(s):  
The Pacific ◽  
Marine Oligochaeta ◽  
Definition Of

Nootkadrilus gen. nov. is characterized by an ental atrial modification, modified penial setae, and stalked posterior prostate glands. Nootkadrilus compressus sp. nov., N. verutus sp. nov., N. grandisetosus sp. nov., N. hamatus sp. nov., N. gracilisetosus sp. nov., and N. frigidus (Brinkhurst, 1971) comb. nov. are separated by shape and numbers of penial setae as well as by details of the atrial and spermathecal systems. Discordiprostatus gen. nov. is established for D. longisetosus (Brinkhurst and Baker, 1979) comb. nov. which is characterized by an anterior diffuse prostate, modified penial setae, and stalked posterior prostate glands. Both Nootkadrilus gen. nov. and Discordiprostatus gen. nov. are included in the subfamily Phallodrilinae. The definition of the Phallodrilinae is modified to include species with both diffuse and stalked prostate glands.

Mahjong

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annelise Heinz
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
American Culture ◽  
The United States ◽  
Jewish American ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Women's Culture ◽  
History Of ◽  
American Heritage ◽  
Cultural Origins ◽  
Definition Of

Mahjong: A Chinese Game and the Making of Modern American Culture illustrates how the spaces between tiles and the moments between games have fostered distinct social cultures in the United States. When this mass-produced game crossed the Pacific it created waves of popularity over the twentieth century. Mahjong narrates the history of this game to show how it has created a variety of meanings, among them American modernity, Chinese American heritage, and Jewish American women’s culture. As it traveled from China to the United States and caught on with Hollywood starlets, high society, middle-class housewives, and immigrants alike, mahjong became a quintessentially American pastime. This book also reveals the ways in which women leveraged a game for a variety of economic and cultural purposes, including entrepreneurship, self-expression, philanthropy, and ethnic community building. One result was the forging of friendships within mahjong groups that lasted decades. This study unfolds in two parts. The first half is focused on mahjong’s history as related to consumerism, with a close examination of its economic and cultural origins. The second half explores how mahjong interwove with the experiences of racial inclusion and exclusion in the evolving definition of what it means to be American. Mahjong players, promoters, entrepreneurs, and critics tell a broad story of American modernity. The apparent contradictions of the game—as both American and foreign, modern and supposedly ancient, domestic and disruptive of domesticity—reveal the tensions that lie at the heart of modern American culture.

scholarly journals Good offices: grasping the place of law in conflict

Legal Studies ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 469-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aoife O'Donoghue
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Legal Analysis ◽  
International Organisations ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Settlement Of Disputes ◽  
Violent Conflicts

In the pantheon of approaches open to participants in the pacific settlement of disputes, good offices holds a noteworthy place. The evolution of good offices over the past century is concurrent with a trend of considerable transformation within international law, including – amongst other changes – a move away from a state-led legal order, including in good offices following the emergence of the heads of international organisations as its prime users, and a process of legalisation and specialisation within the subject that has entirely altered its character. These changes have led to a redefinition of good offices that stresses the actor carrying out the role above the form that it takes. To accompany these changes in practice, there is a need for a transformation in the legal analysis and definition of good offices. One potential option in achieving this end is Bell'slex pacificatoria. If good offices is to continue to play a significant role in the settlement of violent conflicts, a fully developed legal analysis is necessary to grasp both its historical development and its potential future role.

scholarly journals Morphological Variability of Pterocarpus erinaceus Poir. in Togo

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Benziwa N. Johnson ◽  
Marie Luce A. Quashie ◽  
Kossi Adjonou ◽  
Kossi N. Segla ◽  
Adzo D. Kokutse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Morphological Variability ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
West African ◽  
Distribution Area ◽  
Terminal Leaflet ◽  
Forest Species ◽  
Morphological Descriptors ◽  
Pterocarpus Erinaceus ◽  
Relevant Variables

Pterocarpus erinaceus Poir. (Fabaceae), also called Vène or West African rosewood, is a multipurpose endemic forest species of Sahelo-Sudanian and Sudano-Guinean savannas and forests of West Africa. In Togo, the species is overexploited, which dangerously hinders its survival. The need and emergency of restoring declining stands, using seeds, or propagating material suggests an assessment of its morphological variability. The purpose of this study is to identify the discriminating morphological descriptors, allowing us to describe and also to characterize the species. Five provenances distributed over the whole geographical distribution area in Togo were evaluated for leaf (7 descriptors), fruit (4 descriptors), and seed (4 descriptors) traits. The coefficient of variation (CV) and the principal component analysis (PCA) are used to assess the variability among tree populations. Results show that the discriminating morphological descriptors for P. erinaceus in Togo are the width of the leaf and the terminal leaflet, the length and the width of the fruit, and length and the weight of the seed. These six main relevant variables allow us to discriminate three morphological groups of P. erinaceus population.

scholarly journals Cryptic Species Discrimination in Western Pine Beetle, Dendroctonus brevicomis LeConte (Curculionidae: Scolytinae), Based on Morphological Characters and Geometric Morphometrics

Insects ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 377
Author(s):  
Osiris Valerio-Mendoza ◽  
Jazmín García-Román ◽  
Moises Becerril ◽  
Francisco Armendáriz-Toledano ◽  
Gerardo Cuéllar-Rodríguez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Canonical Variate ◽  
Dendroctonus Brevicomis ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Species Discrimination ◽  
Geometric Morphometric ◽  
Western Pine Beetle ◽  
Principal Coordinates ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Pine Beetle

The western pine beetle (WPB), Dendroctonus brevicomis LeConte, is a major mortality agent of pines in North America. A total of 706 adults of WPB from 81 geographical sites were analyzed with traditional and geometric morphometric methods to evaluate the variation of discrete and quantitative morphological characters with particular attention to the antenna, spermatheca, and seminal rod. Principal coordinates and canonical variate analyses supported three geographical groups in WPB: (1) West, from British Columbia to southern California along the Pacific coast, Idaho, and Montana; (2) East-SMOC, including Nevada, Utah, Colorado, Arizona, New Mexico, Texas, Chihuahua, and Durango; and (3) SMOR, including Coahuila, Nuevo Leon, and Tamaulipas. The pubescence length on the elytral declivity was a robust character for separating West specimens from the other groups. Additionally, the genitalia shape both female and male in dorsal view was a reliable character for discriminating among groups. Based on these results, which agree with genetic and chemical ecology evidence, we herein reinstate Dendroctonus barberi Hopkins (East-SMOC group) and remove it from synonymy with D. brevicomis (West group). Differences in the spermatheca and seminal rod shape of SMOR specimens suggest that these populations might be a different species from D. barberi and D. brevicomis.

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