FEATURES OF MORPHOLOGICAL REARRANGEMENTS OF STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS IN THE RAT PINEAL GLAND UNDER THE IMPACT OF HEAVY METAL SALTS

The development of the pathology of individual organs and systems undoubtedly depends on adverse environmental factors. Particular attention of researchers attracts heavy metal salts. Epiphyseal hormones play a key role in regulating and maintaining basic body functions. The article presents the results of the study on morphological and morphometric rearrangements of structural changes in the rat pineal gland influence for 30 days of heavy metal salts (sulfates of zinc, copper, iron, manganese, plumbers’ nitrite and chrome oxide). The selected concentration of salts in the mixture was due to the presence of similar concentrations of these salts in the soil and drinking water in some regions of Ukraine according to literature sources. General morphological and statistical research methods were used (histological, morphometric and variational statistics methods). The 30-days impact of the heavy metal salts combination on the rat body caused in the pineal gland morphological changes of nonspecific polymorphic nature, which were expressed in the increased vascular area, active glial response, hypertrophy of pinealocyte nuclei and increase of their optical density. Cytological signs in most pinealocytes indicated the predominance of indolamine synthesis over polypeptides. The main pathogenetic mechanisms of the influence of heavy metal salts on the organ have been established: change in the vascular lumen area, blood rheological properties impairment, tissue hypoxia, nucleus hypertrophy and change in their optical density. Morphological changes in the gland comply with the stress phase of the general adaptation syndrome. The above morphological changes negatively affected the processes of hormones evacuation into the blood, the course of the general adaptation syndrome and the homeostasis restoration in the organ.

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THE IMPACT OF LEAD SALTS ON BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS IN THE LYMPH OF ANIMALS

REPORTS ◽

10.32014/2021.2518-1483.12 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 335 (1) ◽

pp. 83-89

Author(s):

S.N. Abdreshov ◽

B.М. Sеrik ◽

А.Т. Mamatаeva ◽

Р.S. Utegalieva ◽

N.I. Zhаparkulоva

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metal ◽

Biochemical Parameters ◽

Circulatory System ◽

Scientific Basis ◽

Acute Poisoning ◽

Metal Salts ◽

Control Group ◽

Lead Salts ◽

Heavy Metal Salts ◽

The Impact

The article establishes the effect on the biochemical parameters of animal lymphocytes in case of poisoning with lead salts. The impact of lead salts, their spread, the effect of the harmful factors and the strengthening of the ecological situation in the environment determine the urgency of this problem. It is known that heavy metal ions gradually accumulate in the elements of the environment and then pass from the atmosphere to water and the human body. It was found that the effect of heavy metal salts in rats, including lead salts, has a negative effect on the lymphatic and circulatory system compared to the control group of biochemical parameters, which leads to metabolic disorders in the blood and lymph circulation. As a result of the study, the activity of rat enzymes was detected in normal and after poisoning with a toxicant. In acute poisoning, there was an increase in the amount of alkaline phosphatase in the lymphatic system by 40%, as well as an increase in the level of amino-transferase enzymes by 71% and 83%, respectively, and a decrease in the content of total bilirubin and associated bilirubin, all this indicates a violation of liver function, increased cytological processes in the liver and pancreas, decreased protein synthesis and impaired metabolism. When exposed to lead salts on the biochemical parameters of the lymph, the activity of α-amylase was reduced by 22.7%. based on the experiments, it was found that heavy metal salts significantly reduce the level of glucose in the blood, which negatively affects the parenchyma of the liver, kidney and kidney, increasing its consumption in tissues. The results obtained in the course of the study allowed us to form comprehensive data on the effect of lead on lymphatic and circulatory activity, biochemical parameters of the lymph of animal rats and can serve as a scientific basis for finding solutions to this problem.

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Heavy Metals and the Mammalian Thymus: In Vivo and In Vitro Investigations

Toxicology and Industrial Health ◽

10.1177/074823379401000308 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 191-201 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Wanda Ficek

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metal ◽

Vitamin C ◽

Dna Content ◽

Morphological Changes ◽

Metal Salts ◽

Male Rats ◽

Lead Chloride ◽

In Vitro Investigation ◽

Heavy Metal Salts

This experiment was performed to investigate changes in the thymus of Wistar-strain male rats administered cadmium chloride (CdCl2), mercuric chloride (HgCl2), and lead chloride (PbCl2) salts. The study involved measurement of: 1) deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) content; 2) ascorbic acid (vitamin C) content; 3) incorporation of 3h-thymidine during in-vitro investigation; and 4) histological and morphological changes. It was shown in investigations on DNA content that administration of heavy metal salts caused an average 76% decrease in DNA content compared to the control. Moreover, in the thymus of experimental animals, an average 69% decrease in vitamin C content was recorded. In in vitro cultures, heavy metal salts decreased the incorporation of 3H-thymidine in thymic cells.

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The features of morphological changes in the urinary bladder under combined effect of heavy metal salts

Interventional Medicine and Applied Science ◽

10.1556/1646.9.2017.09 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 105-111 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Anatolii Romaniuk ◽

Vladyslav Sikora ◽

Mykola Lyndin ◽

Vladyslav Smiyanov ◽

Volodymyr Sikora ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metal ◽

Urinary Bladder ◽

Morphological Changes ◽

Combined Effect ◽

Metal Salts ◽

Heavy Metal Salts

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The morphological changes in parathyroid glands, caused simulated prolonged influence of heavy metal salts

Reports of Vinnytsia National Medical University ◽

10.31393/reports-vnmedical-2019-23(1)-12 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 23 (1) ◽

pp. 80-83

Author(s):

A. Romaniuk ◽

O. Tymakova ◽

J. Lyndina ◽

N. Gryntsova ◽

I. Kravtsova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Heavy Metal ◽

Morphological Changes ◽

Statistical Treatment ◽

The Body ◽

Parathyroid Glands ◽

Metal Salts ◽

Male Rats ◽

Heavy Metal Salts ◽

Calcium And Magnesium

The main problem today is environmental pollution with heavy metal salts. Biological activity and their ability to accumulate in the environment and the body leads to the disruption of many systems and organs. Parathyroid glands are important regulators of calcium homeostasis, which affects a lot of physiological processes in the body. Therefore, the work is devoted to the study of the morphological and functional characteristics of the parathyroid glands of laboratory rats under conditions of prolonged use of a combination of heavy metal salts. Study of the peculiarities of the structure and functional activity of the glands was carried out on adult male rats (n = 12). The animals were divided into groups: the first — its control, the second — rats, which received a water solution of a mixture of salts of heavy metals. The material was taken on the 90th day of the experiment. Histological preparations were made 5–7 microns thick, stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Study of the linear parameters of the parathyroid glands was carried out on the largest longitudinal section. The area of the glands and cells, the thickness of the capsule and the layer of connective tissue in the parenchyma of the organ were measured. During the laboratory study of the blood of rats, the content of calcium and magnesium was determined, as well as the activity of parathyroid hormone. Conducted statistical treatment of the data. It has been established that with long-term admission of a combination of salts of heavy metals into the organism of rats leads to morphological changes in the parenchyma and stroma of the glands, there are changes in the content of calcium and magnesium in the biochemical parameters of blood, as well as inhibition of parathormone secretion. In the future, it is planned to study the morphofunctional features of the parathyroid glands in the process of readoptation after consuming a combination of heavy metal salts.

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THE POSSIBILITY OF USING CYANOBACTERIA SYNECHOCYSTIS SP. FOR THE ASSESSMENT OF THE DEGREE OF WATER POLLUTION WITH HEAVY METAL SALTS

Hygiene and Sanitation ◽

10.18821/0016-9900-2017-96-7-656-660 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 96 (7) ◽

pp. 656-660

Author(s):

Elena V. Polozova ◽

V. V. Shilov ◽

A. S. Bogacheva ◽

I. N. Klyushkin

Keyword(s):

Water Pollution ◽

Heavy Metals ◽

Heavy Metal ◽

Toxic Effect ◽

Morphological Changes ◽

Metal Salts ◽

Toxic Action ◽

Experimental Toxicology ◽

Heavy Metal Salts ◽

Synechocystis Sp

For the first time there are provided data on the toxicity of salts of heavy metals to the cyanobacteria Synechocystis sp. CALU 713 and PCC 6803. Changes of light and temperature conditions were shown to modify cyanobacteria sensitivity to the toxic effect of salts of heavy metals. The toxicity of salts of heavy metals is determined by the dose-dependent effect of the reducing the growth rate of cyanobacteria in the incubation medium on water basis. Changes of light and temperature culture conditions modify the sensitivity of the cyanobacteria Synechocystis sp. to toxic effect of salts of heavy metals. The decrease in temperature and light in various degrees enhances the toxic effect of salts of heavy metals. Morphological changes of cyanobacteria, caused by the toxic action of salts of heavy metals were established to be nonspecific, regardless of the strain and species of the studied toxicant, showing the change of shapes and sizes, including dividing cells. At the ultrastructural level morphological changes in the cells of cyanobacteria are represented by changes of the thickness and the integrity of peptidoglycan layer of the cell wall; the damage to intracellular organelles relevant to energy metabolism: divergent tilakoid membranes with formation of intratilakoid spaces; agglutination of phycobilisomes and accumulation of polyphosphate granules; fibrous transformation of nucleoplasms with the loss of the typical granulation. A strain of Synechocystis sp. CALU 713is the most sensitive to the toxic action of salts of heavy metals and, therefore, suitable for the use in experimental toxicology. Cyanobacteria Synechocystis sp. CALU 713 and PCC 6803 are promising test-object in experimental toxicology for the assessment of the degree of water pollution with heavy metal salts. There were obtained parameters of toxicity of heavy metal salts (AgNO3; 3CdSO4•8H2O; Hg(CH3COO)2; CuSO4•5H2O) for two strains of the cyanobacteria Synechocystis sp. In these circumstances there were revealed morphological changes of the surface ultrastructure of cells of Synechocystis sp.

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