Association between Somatic Cell Count, Electric Conductivity and pH in Diagnosis of Subclinical Mastitis in Crossbred Cows

The objective of the present study was to determine the relation between somatic cell count (SCC), Electrical conductivity (EC) and pH of milk for diagnosis of subclinical (SCM) and clinical mastitis (CM). For this a total of 120 samples were collected from crossbred cows of organised and norganised dairy farms for determination of EC, SCC and pH. On the basis of SCC, the cows were categorized as healthy(SCC below 2×105 per ml), subclinical mastitis (SCC in the range 2×105 - 3×105 per ml)and mastitis(SCC more than 3×105 per ml).The values of milk SCC and EC were significantly (P less than 0.05) higher in crossbred cows having subclinical and clinical mastitis. Milk pH ranged from 6.48 to 6.62 in healthy and subclinical cases,whereas pH 7.03 was observed in clinical mastitis cases. There was a significant positive correlation (P less than 0.05) between SCC, EC and milk pH.

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The presence of pathogens in milk of ewes in relation to the somatic cell count and subpopulations of leukocytes

Czech Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.17221/43/2021-cjas ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Tvarožková ◽

Vašíček ◽

Uhrinčať ◽

Mačuhová ◽

Hleba ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Somatic Cell ◽

Cell Count ◽

Somatic Cell Count ◽

Dairy Farm ◽

Subclinical Mastitis ◽

Clinical Mastitis ◽

Polymorphonuclear Cells ◽

Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽

Major Health Problem ◽

Milk Samples

Mastitis is a major health problem of the udder in dairy sheep breeds. For diagnosis of subclinical mastitis, somatic cell count (SCC) is commonly used. The presence of pathogens in the udder causes the increase of leukocytes and thus SCC in milk. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of pathogens in the milk of ewes and the possible relationship with SCC. The changes of leukocytes subpopulation in milk samples with high SCC were evaluated as well. The experiment was carried out on a dairy farm with the Lacaune breed. This study was conducted on 45 ewes (98 milk samples) without signs of clinical mastitis. Based on somatic cell count, samples were divided to five SCC groups: SCC1 < 200 000 cells/ml (45 milk samples); 200 000 ≤ SCC2 < 400 000 cells/ml (10 milk samples); 400 000 ≤ SCC3 < 600 000 cells/ml (six milk samples); 600 000 ≤ SCC4 < 1 000 000 cells/ml (six milk samples); SCC5 ≥ 1 000 000 cells/ml (31 milk samples). No pathogens were observed in the majority of milk samples (60.20%). Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) were the most commonly isolated pathogens from the milk of ewes (86.11%). Staphylococcus epidermidis had the highest incidence from CNS (35.48%). In the SCC5 group, up to 79.31% of bacteriological samples were positive. The percentage of leukocytes significantly increased (P < 0.001) in the samples with higher SCC (≥ 200 × 10<sup>3</sup> cells/ml) in comparison to the group SCC1. Also, the percentage of polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs) was significantly higher with increasing SCC (P < 0.001). In conclusion, the presented results showed that the high SCC was caused by the presence of the pathogen in milk. Thus SCC < 200 000 cells/ml and leukocyte subpopulation, especially PMNs, could be considered as important tools in udder health programs applied in dairy ewes.

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Somatic cell count in the diagnosis of subclinical mastitis in sheep of different breeds

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2018v39n4p1555 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 39 (4) ◽

pp. 1555

Author(s):

Luiz Francisco Zafalon ◽

Raul Costa Mascarenhas Santana ◽

Sérgio Novita Esteves ◽

Guilherme Aparecido Fim Júnior

Keyword(s):

Somatic Cell ◽

Cell Count ◽

Somatic Cell Count ◽

Subclinical Mastitis ◽

Control Measures ◽

Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽

Stage Of Lactation ◽

Santa Inês ◽

Etiological Agents

The aims of this study were to determine the occurrence of subclinical mastitis in sheep of different breeds and the values for somatic cell count (SCC) in milk for the diagnosis of the disease at lactation and weaning, a fundamental prerequisite for identifying animals in need of control measures. Milk samples were obtained from 1,457 mammary halves of Santa Inês, Texel, Ile de France, and Dorper sheep at two different periods, during the second week of lactation and at weaning. After teats antisepsis, the samples were collected, and identification of the infectious etiology of mastitis and determination of SCC were performed. Microorganisms were identified in 117/762 (15.3%) mammary halves in the second week of lactation and in 86/694 (12.4%) at weaning. Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) were the etiological agents with the highest incidence alone and in association with other microorganisms, with percentages of 58.1% and 60.6%, respectively. The Santa Inês presented a higher incidence of subclinical mastitis when compared to the other breeds. The cut-off values of SCC for subclinical mastitis were determined at both sampling periods and varied according to stage of lactation, as well breed. These results illustrate the lack of a universal value that can be used for the diagnosis of mastitis and suggests the need for permanent follow-up in herds in order to control the disease.

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Reliability of the bulk milk somatic cell count as an indication of average herd somatic cell count

Journal of Dairy Research ◽

10.1017/s0022029909990264 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 76 (4) ◽

pp. 490-496 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Jan Lievaart ◽

Herman W Barkema ◽

Henk Hogeveen ◽

Wim Kremer

Keyword(s):

Somatic Cell ◽

Cell Count ◽

Somatic Cell Count ◽

Management Practices ◽

Dairy Herd ◽

Subclinical Mastitis ◽

Clinical Mastitis ◽

Bulk Milk ◽

Sampling Variation ◽

The Difference

Bulk milk somatic cell count (BMSCC) is a frequently used parameter to estimate the subclinical mastitis prevalence in a dairy herd, but it often differs considerably from the average SCC of all individual cows in milk. In this study, first the sampling variation was determined on 53 dairy farms with a BMSCC ranging from 56 000 to 441 000 cells/ml by collecting five samples on each farm of the same bulk tank. The average absolute sampling variation ranged from 1800 to 19 800 cells/ml. To what extent BMSCC represents all lactating cows was evaluated in another 246 farms by comparing BMSCC to the average herd SCC corrected for milk yield (CHSCC), after the difference was corrected for the sampling variation of BMSCC. On average BMSCC was 49 000 cells/ml lower than CHSCC, ranging from −10 000 cells/ml to 182 000 cells/ml, while the difference increased with an increasing BMSCC. Subsequently, management practices associated with existing differences were identified. Farms with a small (<20%) difference between BMSCC and CHSCC administered intramuscular antibiotics for the treatment of clinical mastitis more often, used the high SCC history when cows were dried off more frequently and had a higher number of treatments per clinical mastitis case compared with farms with a large (⩾20%) difference. Farms feeding high-SCC milk or milk with antibiotic residues to calves were 2·4-times more likely to have a large difference. Although sampling variation influences the differences between BMSCC and CHSCC, the remaining difference is still important and should be considered when BMSCC is used to review the average herd SCC and the subclinical mastitis prevalence.

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Effect of coagulase-negative staphylococci on somatic cell count in Dutch dairy herds

Journal of Dairy Research ◽

10.1017/s0022029910000191 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 77 (3) ◽

pp. 318-324 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Otlis Sampimon ◽

Bart HP van den Borne ◽

Inge Santman-Berends ◽

Herman W Barkema ◽

Theo Lam

Keyword(s):

Somatic Cell ◽

Cell Count ◽

Somatic Cell Count ◽

Health Management ◽

Dairy Farms ◽

Subclinical Mastitis ◽

Dairy Herds ◽

Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽

Intramammary Infections ◽

Milk Samples

The effect was quantified of coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) intramammary infections on quarter- and cow-level somatic cell count (SCC) and on bulk milk somatic cell count (BMSCC) in different BMSCC cohorts in Dutch dairy herds. Two datasets were used for this purpose. In the first dataset, on 49 randomly selected dairy farms a total of 4220 quarter milk samples of 1072 cows were collected of all cows and heifers with a test-day SCC ⩾250 000 and ⩾150 000 cells/ml, respectively, and of 25% of cows and heifers below these thresholds. In the second dataset, on 39 selected dairy farms a total of 8329 quarter milk samples of 2115 cows were collected of all cows with a test-day SCC ⩾250 000 cells/ml following two consecutive SCC <250 000 cells/ml, and of heifers using the same SCC criteria but with a threshold of 150 000 cells/ml. These cows and heifers were defined as new high SCC. In both datasets, CNS was the most frequently isolated pathogen, 11% in the first dataset and 12% in the second dataset. In both datasets, quarters with CNS IMI had a lower SCC than quarters infected with major pathogens, and a higher SCC than culture-negative quarters. The same was found for SCC at cow level. Coagulase-negative staphylococci were more often found in quarters with SCC ⩾200 000 cells/ml in dairy farms with a BMSCC <150 000 cells/ml compared with dairy farms with a higher BMSCC. Prevalence of CNS in cows and heifers with a high SCC was higher in dairy farms with a BMSCC <150 000 cells/ml compared with dairy farms with a medium or high BMSCC: 30, 19 and 18%, respectively. This indicates that CNS IMI as a cause of subclinical mastitis is relatively more important in dairy farms with a low BMSCC and may become a point of attention in udder health management on that type of farm.

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Effect of cleanliness and hygiene on occurence of mastitis in crossbred cows in West Bengal

10.31220/osf.io/5vsdr ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Champak Bhakat

Keyword(s):

Somatic Cell ◽

Cell Count ◽

Key Words ◽

Milk Production ◽

Somatic Cell Count ◽

West Bengal ◽

Subclinical Mastitis ◽

Milk Composition ◽

Crossbred Cows ◽

Depth Study

Article contains in depth study of following key words viz:Milk quality and quantity, Jersey crossbred, somatic cell count, Intra-mammary Infection, Farmers, Mastitis, Clean milk, subclinical mastitis, milk composition, Milk production, Mastitis management

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The Effect of TEAT PROTECT spray and potassium permanganate teat dip in curing subclinical mastitis in crossbred cows of Villupuram district of Tamilnadu

Journal of Applied and Natural Science ◽

10.31018/jans.v11i3.2148 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 738-742

Author(s):

D. Sukumar ◽

Thanga.Thamil Vanan ◽

A. Thennarasu ◽

T.M.A. Senthil Kumar

Keyword(s):

Somatic Cell ◽

Cell Count ◽

Potassium Permanganate ◽

Somatic Cell Count ◽

Subclinical Mastitis ◽

Colony Count ◽

Control Group ◽

Plain Water ◽

Crossbred Cows ◽

Daily Milk Yield

A study was undertaken to assess the incidence of subclinical mastitis in crossbred cows of Villupuram district by using direct microscopic Somatic cell count (SCC). For this purpose sixty eight crossbred cows positive for subclinical mastitis (SCM) as per IDF (International Dairy Federation) criteria were randomly allotted in to two treatment groups. The cows in T1 group were subjected to post milking teat dip with one per cent Potassium permanganate (KMnO4) solution immediately after milking. The cows in T2 group were sprayed with TEAT PROTECT sprays. Sixteen healthy cows were kept as control group and udder was washed with plain water. The treatments were carried out for 30 days. Udder health status was determined by recording the parameters viz. somatic cell count (SCC), average daily milk yield, udder colony count and teat colony count. The results revealed that TEAT PROTECT spray is superior to Potassium permanganate in curing SCM of crossbred cows.

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Effect of cleanliness and hygiene on occurence of mastitis in crossbred cows in West Bengal

10.35543/osf.io/4d3ne ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Champak Bhakat

Keyword(s):

Somatic Cell ◽

Cell Count ◽

Milk Production ◽

Somatic Cell Count ◽

West Bengal ◽

Subclinical Mastitis ◽

Milk Composition ◽

Milk Quality ◽

Crossbred Cows

Milk quality and quantity, Jersey crossbred, somatic cell count, Intra-mammary Infection, Farmers, Mastitis, Clean milk, subclinical mastitis, milk composition, Milk production, Mastitis management

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Distribution of Lactococcus spp. in New York State dairy farms and the association of somatic cell count resolution and bacteriological cure in clinical mastitis samples

Journal of Dairy Science ◽

10.3168/jds.2018-16199 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 103 (2) ◽

pp. 1785-1794

Author(s):

J.C. Scillieri Smith ◽

P. Moroni ◽

C.G. Santisteban ◽

B.J. Rauch ◽

P.A. Ospina ◽

...

Keyword(s):

New York ◽

Somatic Cell ◽

Cell Count ◽

Somatic Cell Count ◽

New York State ◽

Dairy Farms ◽

Clinical Mastitis ◽

York State ◽

Bacteriological Cure

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Growth factors in milk: interrelationships with somatic cell count

Journal of Dairy Research ◽

10.1017/s0022029997002598 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 65 (1) ◽

pp. 93-100 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

ANDREA LIEBE ◽

DIETER SCHAMS

Keyword(s):

Growth Factors ◽

Growth Factor ◽

Somatic Cell ◽

Cell Count ◽

Somatic Cell Count ◽

Decisive Role ◽

Subclinical Mastitis ◽

Clinical Mastitis ◽

Housing System ◽

Short Term Change

Growth factors are thought to play a decisive role in the course of inflammatory processes. The aim of the present study was to characterize a potential interrelationship between the concentrations of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and somatic cell count (SCC) in normal milk, and to investigate the presence of these growth factors in mammary secretions of cows suffering from clinical and subclinical mastitis. Quarter secretions of cows with spontaneous acute clinical mastitis and of cows with subclinical mastitis were analysed radioimmunologically for their concentrations of IGF-1 and bFGF. During two relocation trials with normally lactating Brown Swiss cows, dramatic changes in milk somatic cell count were obtained following a short-term change (5 d) of location and housing system. The animals were relocated from their familiar loose housing system with concrete slatted floor to a separate stanchion barn with long stalls and straw bedding, and vice versa. The concentration profile of IGF-1, but not of bFGF, corresponded well with SCC during the relocation trials, the positive correlation between the characteristics being highly significant, as determined by regression analysis (r=0·60; P<0·001). The results provide evidence that significant changes in SCC and growth factor content may be caused by environmental factors other than infection. The concentrations of both IGF-1 and bFGF were greatly elevated in secretions of quarters affected by acute clinical mastitis compared with the corresponding clinically healthy quarters. Subclinically affected quarters with high SCC, as compared with non-affected quarters with low SCC, also had elevated milk IGF-1, but unchanged bFGF. Measuring of growth factor profiles in milk may have value in the near future in monitoring the state of udder health in addition to SCC.

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