General Models for Automated Essay Scoring: Exploring an Alternative to the Status Quo

2005 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Adam Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Writing Assessment ◽  
Model Performance ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
Automated Essay Scoring ◽  
The Status ◽  
Essay Scoring ◽  
Better Than

Powers, Burstein, Chodorow, Fowles, and Kukich (2002) suggested that automated essay scoring (AES) may benefit from the use of “general” scoring models designed to score essays irrespective of the prompt for which an essay was written. They reasoned that such models may enhance score credibility by signifying that an AES system measures the same writing characteristics across all essays. They reported empirical evidence that general scoring models performed nearly as well in agreeing with human readers as did prompt-specific models, the “status quo” for most AES systems. In this study, general and prompt-specific models were again compared, but this time, general models performed as well as or better than prompt-specific models. Moreover, general models measured the same writing characteristics across all essays, while prompt-specific models measured writing characteristics idiosyncratic to the prompt. Further comparison of model performance across two different writing tasks and writing assessment programs bolstered the case for general models.

The Missing Link in Regional Integration in South Asia: The Case for Regional and Sub-regional Political Institutions

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-155
Author(s):  
Andrew Thangasamy
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
South Asia ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
Regional Integration ◽  
Regional Governance ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
Missing Link ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Status ◽  
Better Than

Regional governance efforts in South Asia have been missing regional political institutions. There is no shortage of ideas and suggestions by scholars, practitioners, diplomats and others in terms of areas for integration in South Asia. And yet, regional integration continues in a piecemeal like stuttering fashion. Integration lags not because there are questions about the efficacy of regional integration or questions about where or what to integrate, it lags because of the path forward—in terms of how—is unclear. Regional or sub-regional political institutions vested with the decision-making authority can aid in integration better than the status quo. Political institutions in contrast to forums or summit-convening authorities can make decisions of their own benefiting the interests of those whom they represent. This article examines the current state of regional governance efforts in South Asia and evaluates the argument for regional and sub-regional political institutions.

scholarly journals Chapter 6. Automated Essay Scoring and The Search for Valid Writing Assessment

2012 ◽  
pp. 103-119
Author(s):  
Andrew Klobucar ◽  
Alex Rudniy ◽  
Paule Deane ◽  
Norbert Elliot ◽  
Chaitanya Ramineni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Writing Assessment ◽  
Automated Essay Scoring ◽  
Essay Scoring

scholarly journals GMAC: Is Half A Loaf Better Than The Whole?

2010 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Richard Anderson ◽  
Cristina Muise ◽  
David Gancarz
Keyword(s):  
Credit Rating ◽  
Balance Sheet ◽  
Market Value ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
General Motors ◽  
Font Size ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Status ◽  
Better Than

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">In November 2006 General Motors sold 51% ownership of its subsidiary, the General Motors Acceptance Corporation to Cerebus Capital Management in a complicated transaction. This paper demonstrates that GMAC produced over 90% of consolidated General Motors profit over the past two decades and tries to determine why the GM team sought to sell its best player and answer the natural follow-up question: why sell 51% of GMAC, instead of all of it? A number of possible explanations are considered, including cleaning up GM&rsquo;s balance sheet, unlocking the submerged market value of GMAC, and improving GMAC&rsquo;s credit rating/ access to capital. The paper concludes that the partial divestiture was a sound move that could easily have resulted in better financial performance for GM than the status quo, but that the entire strategy was upset by the subprime loan crisis of 2007-08.</span></span></p>

scholarly journals Markets: Preserving Funeral Markets with Ready-to-Embalm Laws

2007 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 201-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
David E Harrington
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Market Share ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
Retail Price ◽  
Funeral Directors ◽  
Funeral Service ◽  
The Status ◽  
Funeral Homes ◽  
The Cost

Thirty-nine states currently have ready-to-embalm laws, which typically require that all firms selling any type of funeral service (even those specializing in cremations) have embalming preparation rooms and all funeral directors be trained as embalmers. Ready-to-embalm laws are designed to preserve the status-quo in funeral markets, thereby protecting currently licensed funeral directors from the ravages of competition. These laws attempt to preserve funeral markets as they existed in the mid-twentieth century, markets that centered on traditional funerals sold by small, full-service funeral homes. The economic chemicals needed to preserve the status quo are harsh, leading to higher funeral prices and often poorer-quality services. The empirical evidence suggests that these laws reduce the cremation rate, the market share of Internet casket retailers, the penetration of national chains, and the number of funeral directors who are immigrants. They also appear to substantially increase the retail price of direct cremations and the cost of traditional funerals. Commissions in several states have recently recommended repealing ready-to-embalm laws, arguing that they are anticompetitive. The evidence presented in this paper should make their recommendations harder to ignore.

scholarly journals Socially Transformative Resilience: A Conceptual Model and Research Agenda for a New Construct

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine S. Leventhal ◽  
Vilas Sawrikar ◽  
Sumeet Jain ◽  
Angus MacBeth
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Lived Experiences ◽  
Research Agenda ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Dominant Culture ◽  
Psychosocial Wellbeing ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Face ◽  
Original Approach

Marginalised individuals face significant and consistent adversities and injustices that their dominant culture counterparts rarely or never face, such as discrimination, low resource access, and violence. These challenges have been linked to poor wellbeing, both empirically and in individuals’ lived experiences. An original approach to improving this situation is introduced here via a novel transtheoretical construct: socially transformative resilience. Socially transformative resilience is conceived as a type of resilience in which individuals not only improve their psychosocial wellbeing in the face of challenge, but also resist, transcend, and/or seek to change the status quo, increasing their liberation as well. The key components and mechanisms of this new construct are described in detail, drawing on theoretical and empirical evidence. Key propositions of the model include the dual importance of moral and emotional initial responses to stressors, the centrality of a multidimensional reflection process, and the utility of acceptability-control appraisals in choosing which actions and resources to activate in service of wellbeing and liberation. An agenda for future research is presented, including examining and refining the model, developing a measure, creating interventions, and investigating relationships with psychopathology.

Automated Essay Scoring: Writing Assessment and Instruction

2010 ◽  
pp. 20-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.D. Shermis ◽  
J. Burstein ◽  
D. Higgins ◽  
K. Zechner
Keyword(s):  
Writing Assessment ◽  
Automated Essay Scoring ◽  
Essay Scoring

scholarly journals Title: Perverse visibilities? Foregrounding non-human animals in ‘ethical’ and ‘sustainable’ meat consumption.

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Arcari
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Meat Consumption ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
Causal Factor ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
The Status

The invisibility of meat production operations and their associated non-human animals is commonly understood as a causal factor in the use of non-human animals as food. This paper critically explores this assumption using empirical evidence from a study of producers and consumers of ‘ethical’ and ‘sustainable’ meat in Melbourne, Australia. Rather than challenging meat consumption, I find that increased visibility of non-human animals and their ‘processing’ resettles consumers in ‘improved’ practices of meat consumption. Identifying a failure to address the underlying and persistent normalisation of non-human animals as food, I argue that advocacy and dietary campaigns need to mount a more profound challenge to the status quo regarding both meat and non-human animals.

Handwashing and Changing the Status Quo

2021 ◽  
pp. 123-152
Author(s):  
Craig J. Bryan
Keyword(s):  
Dialectical Behavior Therapy ◽  
Mental Health Treatment ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Mental Healthcare ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
Medical Community ◽  
Suicidal Behaviors ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
The Status ◽  
Better Than

This chapter focuses on the mental healthcare system, which has been surprisingly slow to adopt the treatments and interventions that are most likely to reduce the probability that someone will attempt suicide. In many respects, the current state of mental health treatment to prevent suicidal behaviors mirrors the context of the 19th century. Two hundred years ago, the causes of puerperal fever among women giving birth were unknown to the medical community, but evidence from multiple different sources suggested that handwashing could reduce fever-related deaths much better than status quo practices. Today, the causes of suicide are similarly unknown, but evidence from multiple sources suggests that certain types of treatments and interventions can reduce suicidal behaviors better than status quo practices, which often conceptualize suicide as a symptom or outcome of mental illness. The chapter then looks at two treatments in particular: dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) and cognitive behavioral therapy for suicide prevention (CBT-SP). It assesses why suicide-focused treatments work better than status quo treatments.

So You're Looking for a Chairperson?

Horizons ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-244
Author(s):  
J. Patrick Gaffney
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Religious Studies ◽  
Colleges And Universities ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
Job Description ◽  
Search Committees ◽  
The Status ◽  
The University ◽  
Better Than

Although few want ads for “Chairperson of Theology Department” appear in the Chronicle of Higher Education, nonetheless, it is more than rumor that a number of colleges and universities are searching for that “ideal” leader for the theology/religious studies department. The basic difficulty faced by search committees is that they find it difficult to draw up a job description of the position. Usually a letter announcing the opening simply declares that the university desires an “administrator-theologian,” dodging any details. A more lengthy ad—which did appear in The Chronicle—added: “who is willing to work in harmony with ecclesiastical authorities,” which makes the post even more mysterious, if not ominous.However, in defense of search committees, it can safely be said that it is almost impossible to define the task of departmental chairpersons. Faculty consider them part of administration, administration declare that they are essentially one of the faculty; they should be leaders in their discipline, but are given little time for research; they should be better-than-average performers in the classroom, but their teaching abilities are allowed to rust as they become more and more a cog in bureaucratic machinery. Moreover, in some institutions they are expected to be no more than the “secretary” of the faculty, while in others (at least according to the ‘manual’) they are endowed with dictatorial powers. In any case, they are surely “responsible for the department,” although realistically, their powers are so sorely limited by established procedures, bone-marrow budgeting, a freeze on hiring, that they are fortunate if they can even maintain the status quo.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document