Asking More than Where: Developing a Site Contextual Model Based on Reconstructing past Environments

1997 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 307-336
Author(s):  
Douglas S. Frink
Keyword(s):  
Native American ◽  
Phase I ◽  
Contextual Model ◽  
Model Based ◽  
European Settlement ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Limited Application ◽  
And Function ◽  
A Site ◽  
Phase Ii And Iii

Contract archaeology accounts for the majority of archaeological studies conducted in Vermont. As these studies serve the development community, the focus of investigation has been to identify and avoid sites, not to research and evaluate the information they contain. Native-American site locational models have limited application because they are based primarily on the landforms' proximity to water. The Archaeology Consulting Team is developing a contextual model based on reconstructing the pre-European settlement environment. Hypotheses comparing expected size and function of Native-American sites in different environments can be posed at the Phase I level of archaeological studies. Furthermore, with Phase I level data, these hypotheses can provide the framework for research designs at Phase II and III levels of archaeological study.

Using the Contextual Model in a Phase I Study to Hypothesize Native American Behavior

1997 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 337-349
Author(s):  
Charity M. Baker
Keyword(s):  
Native American ◽  
Native Americans ◽  
Phase I ◽  
Archaeological Site ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Forest Community ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Contextual Model ◽  
Site Function ◽  
Site Identification

The contextual model developed by Archaeology Consulting Team (Frink, this volume) and based on the reconstruction of forest communities is applied to a Phase I archaeological site identification study in Colchester, Vermont. The project is located at the ecotone between a freshwater marsh and a pine-hemlock-oak forest community. Hypotheses regarding seasonal use and site function are based on the resources available to early Native Americans within these two environments. The predicted characteristics of the environments are compared with the Phase I level study data, and hypotheses are refined for future research studies.

Ancient Ways

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Weinel
Keyword(s):  
Native American ◽  
Visual Art ◽  
Belief Systems ◽  
Altered State ◽  
Field Recordings ◽  
Spirit World ◽  
Relevant Field ◽  
Altered State Of Consciousness ◽  
And Function ◽  
Role And Function

This chapter discusses shamanism, explaining the ethos and mythology of several indigenous societies, and how these belief systems relate to the design of art and music. First, a general overview of shamanism is provided, which outlines the typical role and function of a shaman. An explanation of the shamanic visionary experience, a type of altered state of consciousness, is then provided. Following this, the chapter explores a variety of visual art from indigenous shamanic cultures, including examples from San, Native American, Huichol, Tukano, and Shipibo traditions. The sound and music of shamanic and trance cultures is also discussed, with reference to Vodou, Tukano, Mazatec, Kiowa, and Mayan examples, and relevant field recordings. Through the course of this discussion, the chapter establishes a view of how shamanic art and music invoke a sense of the spirit world, which informs the subsequent discourse of Inner Sound.

scholarly journals Using an Interaction Parameter in Model-Based Phase I Trials for Combination Treatments? A Simulation Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 345
Author(s):  
Pavel Mozgunov ◽  
Rochelle Knight ◽  
Helen Barnett ◽  
Thomas Jaki
Keyword(s):  
Phase I ◽  
Interaction Parameter ◽  
Simulation Study ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Dose Finding ◽  
Phase I Trials ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Combination Toxicity ◽  
Toxicity Relationship

There is growing interest in Phase I dose-finding studies studying several doses of more than one agent simultaneously. A number of combination dose-finding designs were recently proposed to guide escalation/de-escalation decisions during the trials. The majority of these proposals are model-based: a parametric combination-toxicity relationship is fitted as data accumulates. Various parameter shapes were considered but the unifying theme for many of these is that typically between 4 and 6 parameters are to be estimated. While more parameters allow for more flexible modelling of the combination-toxicity relationship, this is a challenging estimation problem given the typically small sample size in Phase I trials of between 20 and 60 patients. These concerns gave raise to an ongoing debate whether including more parameters into combination-toxicity model leads to more accurate combination selection. In this work, we extensively study two variants of a 4-parameter logistic model with reduced number of parameters to investigate the effect of modelling assumptions. A framework to calibrate the prior distributions for a given parametric model is proposed to allow for fair comparisons. Via a comprehensive simulation study, we have found that the inclusion of the interaction parameter between two compounds does not provide any benefit in terms of the accuracy of selection, on average, but is found to result in fewer patients allocated to the target combination during the trial.

Methods for Using Ecological Momentary Assessment to Assess Weight-related Behaviors in the Home Environment of Children from Low-Income, Racially/Ethnically Diverse and Immigrant Households (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Trofholz ◽  
Allan Tate ◽  
Mark Janowiec ◽  
Angela Fertig ◽  
Katie Loth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Native American ◽  
Phase I ◽  
Home Environment ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Ecological Momentary Assessment ◽  
Ethnically Diverse ◽  
Conducting Phase ◽  
The Family ◽  
Ecological Momentary ◽  
Momentary Assessment

BACKGROUND Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) is an innovative tool to capture in-the-moment health behaviors as people go about their regular lives. EMA is an ideal tool to measure weight-related behaviors, such as parent feeding practices, stress, and dietary intake, as these occur on a daily basis and vary across time and context. A recent systematic review recommended standardized reporting of EMA design for studies that address weight-related behaviors. OBJECTIVE This manuscript describes in detail the EMA design of the Family Matters study. METHODS Family Matters is an incremental, two-phased, mixed-methods study conducted with a racially/ethnically diverse and immigrant/refugee sample from largely low-income households designed to examine the risk and protective factors for childhood obesity in the home environment. The Family Matters study intentionally recruited White, Black, Hmong, Latino, Native American, and Somali parents with young children. Parents in Phase I of the study completed eight days of EMA on their smart phones, which included 1) signal-contingent surveys (e.g., asking about the parent’s stress at the time of the survey); 2) event-contingent surveys (e.g., descriptions of the meal the child ate); 3) end-of-day surveys (e.g., overall assessment of the child’s day).cribes in detail the EMA design of the Family Matters study. RESULTS A detailed description of EMA strategies, protocols, and methods used in Phase I of the Family Matters study is provided. Compliance with EMA surveys and participant time spent completing EMA surveys is presented, stratified by race/ethnicity. Additionally, lessons learned while conducting Phase I EMA are shared to document how EMA methods were improved and expanded upon for Phase II. CONCLUSIONS Results from this study provide an important next step in identifying best practices for EMA use in assessing weight-related behaviors in the home environment.

Distribution of amniotic stem cells in human term amnion membrane

Microscopy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nobuyuki Koike ◽  
Jun Sugimoto ◽  
Motonori Okabe ◽  
Kenichi Arai ◽  
Makiko Nogami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Stem Cell Markers ◽  
Epithelial Stem Cells ◽  
Human Amnion ◽  
Transporter Protein ◽  
Amniotic Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Amnion Membrane ◽  
And Function ◽  
A Site

Abstract Amnion membrane studies related to miscarriage have been conducted in the field of obstetrics and gynecology. However, the distribution of stem cells within the amnion and the differences in the properties of each type of stem cells are still not well understood. We address this gap in knowledge in the present study where we morphologically classified the amnion membrane, and we clarified the distribution of stem cells here to identify functionally different amniotic membrane–derived stem cells. The amnion can be divided into a site that is continuous with the umbilical cord (region A), a site that adheres to the placenta (region B), and a site that is located opposite the placenta (region C). We found that human amnion epithelial stem cells (HAECs) that strongly express stem cell markers were abundant in area A. HAEC not only expressesed stem cell-specific surface markers TRA-1-60, Tra-1-81, SSEA4, SSEA3, but was also OCT-3/4 positive and had alkaline phosphatase activity. Human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells expressed KLF-A, OCTA, Oct3/4, c-MYC and Sox2 which is transcription factor. Especially, in regions A and B they have expressed CD73, and the higher expression of BCRP which is drug excretion transporter protein than the other parts. These data suggest that different types of stem cells may have existed in different area. The understanding the relation with characteristics of the stem cells in each area and function would allow for the efficient harvest of suitable HAE and HAM stem cells as using tool for regenerative medicine.

The asialoglycoprotein receptor: relationships between structure, function, and expression

1995 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 591-609 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Stockert
Keyword(s):  
Translational Regulation ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
Asialoglycoprotein Receptor ◽  
Receptor Expression ◽  
Coated Pits ◽  
Receptor Mediated Endocytosis ◽  
Intracellular Compartments ◽  
Foreign Genes ◽  
And Function ◽  
A Site

Transport of macromolecules into the cell by receptor-mediated endocytosis follows a complex series of intracellular transfers, passing through distinct environments. The asialoglycoprotein receptor is a prototype of the class of receptors that constitutively enters cells via coated pits and delivers ligand to these intracellular compartments. In addition to being a model of receptor-mediated endocytosis, the presence of the receptor on hepatocytes provides a membrane-bound active site for cell-to-cell interactions, has made possible the selective targeting of chemotherapeutic agents and foreign genes, and has also been implicated as a site mediating hepatitis B virus uptake. Regulated expression of receptor subunits and their intracellular trafficking during biosynthesis and endocytosis has provided insights into the relationship of receptor structure to its overall function. As a marker of hepatocellular differentiation, its study has uncovered a unique response to intracellular guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate and translational regulation of the receptor. In this review, an overview of these diverse findings is provided in an attempt to relate the various aspects of structure and function as they impact on receptor expression.

The Changing Face and Function of Museums

1998 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin Trotter
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Identity Formation ◽  
Economic Forces ◽  
The Face ◽  
National Museums ◽  
And Function ◽  
A Site ◽  
Internal Pressures ◽  
New Museology

Museums are currently undergoing a number of changes as a repercussion of their histories and professional developments, and of new social and cultural contexts, not to mention as a result of pressure from competition and economic forces. This article explores the current ‘reinvention’ of museums — in particular, national museums — by examining some of the factors of change — some of the major internal pressures that have been the result of museological initiatives and also various exogenous influences. New museology and postcolonialism represent not only separate forces, but also a synthesis of pressures that are not only changing the face, but also the role, of museums, whilst also transforming relationships between museums and their users. A concern of this study is to look at those museums which have a ‘nationalising’ function, and to determine whether changing policies and practices are inhibiting or advance a renegotiation of the relationships between museums and their constituencies. In the last two decades, we have seen some trends confirmed. There has been a move from material culture studies to concern with the ideas contained in objects, whilst the older notion of the museum as a treasure house has given way to a stronger educative role and, more recently, an information centre and also a site of leisure, entertainment and identity-formation. These ‘reinventive’ processes, it is suggested, are closely allied to a postcolonial imperative.

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