The Prediction of College Student Academic Performance and Retention: Application of Expectancy and Goal Setting Theories

2009 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barry A. Friedman ◽  
Rhonda G. Mandel
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Academic Performance ◽  
College Student ◽  
Student Retention ◽  
Student Performance ◽  
Goal Setting ◽  
First Year ◽  
Sat Scores ◽  
Grade Point ◽  
High School Gpa

Student retention and performance in higher education are important issues for educators, students, and the nation facing critical professional labor shortages. Expectancy and goal setting theories were used to predict academic performance and college student retention. Students' academic expectancy motivation at the start of the college significantly predicted cumulative GPA at the end of their first year. Compared to students who did not return, students that returned for their sophomore year reported greater peer competition with respect to academic goals, perceived good grades to be more attractive, and reported more effort to get good grades. Students' SAT scores and high school grade point average were significantly related to both cumulative GPA and retention after the first year. Study implications are discussed with an emphasis on the motivational set of college applicants, in conjunction with more traditional criteria (e.g., high school GPA) that together may increase student performance and retention.

Need for Cognition and Motivation Differentially Contribute to Student Performance

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 144-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexis R. Neigel ◽  
Saif Behairy ◽  
James L. Szalma
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Standardized Testing ◽  
Student Performance ◽  
Achievement Motivation ◽  
Need For Cognition ◽  
Sat Scores ◽  
Grade Point ◽  
College Gpa ◽  
High School Gpa ◽  
Act Score

The need for cognition and motivation are related to performance in school and standardized tests. In this study, 422 students completed a battery of individual difference measures and reported their scores on the American College Testing (ACT) exam, Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT), high school grade point average (GPA), major GPA, and overall college GPA. Need for cognition was positively related to ACT and SAT scores, respectively, but not GPA. Achievement motivation was positively correlated with high school GPA, major GPA, overall college GPA, ACT score, and SAT score. The results showed that need for cognition may be related to standardized testing performance, whereas motivation, particularly achievement motivation, is related to performance in the classroom and in the major. Our results indicate that the need for cognition is distinct from the enjoyment of thinking and motivation toward challenge.

How Colleges Can Correctly Determine Selection Benefits from the SAT

1991 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Crouse ◽  
Dale Trusheim
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Student Performance ◽  
Information Gain ◽  
Performance Outcomes ◽  
Dartmouth College ◽  
College Administrators ◽  
Sat Scores ◽  
College Outcomes ◽  
High School Gpa ◽  
The Impact

Since its inception in 1927, the Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT) has been used by increasing numbers of colleges in the admissions process. In this article, James Crouse and Dale Trusheim argue that the selection benefits colleges derive from using the SAT in their admissions decisions are minimal. They support this argument through a discussion of the prediction equation, supplemental table of predicted grades, and expectancy table currently used by the College Board's Validity Study Service (VSS) to assess the selection benefits of the SAT for individual colleges. Crouse and Trusheim present an analysis of the added information gain from SAT scores, as well as an alternative method for colleges to assess their selection benefits from the SAT. The authors illustrate their method by using Dartmouth College as a case study. Crouse and Trusheim then call for the inclusion of two additional tables in the VSS presentation to college administrators: the Crosstabulation of Predicted Grades Table and the College Outcomes Table. The Crosstabulation of Predicted Grades Table would allow college administrators to identify the level of redundancy in predicted freshman admissions for their particular institution based on high school GPA alone, compared with those based on high school GPA plus SAT scores. The College Outcomes Table would allow college administrators to estimate the impact their use of the SAT actually has on predicting several different student performance outcomes, such as average grades of admitted students, the percentage of admitted students with freshman GPAs above 2.5, and the percentage of admitted students who graduate.

Bifactor Models of Personality and College Student Performance: A Broad versus Narrow View

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 604-619 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel T. McAbee ◽  
Frederick L. Oswald ◽  
Brian S. Connelly
Keyword(s):  
Academic Performance ◽  
College Student ◽  
Student Performance ◽  
Latent Variable ◽  
Performance Model ◽  
Personality Factors ◽  
Personality Psychology ◽  
Grade Point ◽  
Personality Facets ◽  
Meaningful Relationships

Research in the area of personality traits and academic performance has been supported by consistent meta–analytic evidence demonstrating positive relationships between Conscientiousness and grade point average (GPA). However, academic performance is not solely a function of GPA but also a number of other important intellectual, interpersonal and intrapersonal behaviours. This wider criterion space opens up the possibility for many personality factors and their underlying facets to relate to academic performance. Using bifactor latent variable modelling, the current study investigates the six–factor HEXACO model of personality, along with their 24 underlying facets, for predicting students’ academic performance. Model results reveal interpretable and meaningful relationships between both broad factors and narrow personality facets in predicting college student outcomes. Implications for measurement, modelling and prediction are discussed. Copyright © 2014 European Association of Personality Psychology

scholarly journals Community college student retention : an examination of student pre-entry attributes, academic experiences, and social experiences and the relationship to first-year persistence

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Cynthia Adamson
Keyword(s):  
Community College ◽  
College Student ◽  
Student Retention ◽  
Community College Student ◽  
First Year ◽  
College Student Retention ◽  
First Semester ◽  
Federal Financial Aid ◽  
High School Gpa ◽  
College Student Persistence

This study investigated the extent that the attributes of incoming students and their subsequent academic and social interactions at an institution are related to community college student retention. Student data from a cohort of first-time students (N = 1089) attending a community college in southwest Missouri was analyzed to examine variables related to fall-to-fall student retention. Predictors of first-year retention included receiving federal Pell grants, high school GPA, receiving a C or higher in college orientation, first semester college GPA, and receiving a C or higher in general psychology, general biology, and U.S. History. The findings highlight the importance of college readiness and value of federal financial aid programs for community college student persistence.

scholarly journals Is Eighty Percent of Success Just Showing Up? Student Compliance and Refusal to Complete an Advisement Form as an Indicator of First-Term GPA

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Roszkowski ◽  
Raymond A. Ricci
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Academic Motivation ◽  
College Success ◽  
At Risk Students ◽  
Sat Scores ◽  
Grade Point ◽  
College Gpa ◽  
High School Gpa ◽  
Admissions Criteria ◽  
Noncompliant Students

Motivation and, inferentially, commitment are critical, non-cognitive factors in college success. One needs to detect and measure these attributes prior to a student's acutal enrollment in classes since early detection of at-risk students can lead to the most productive intervention initiatives. Freshmen entering into La Salle University were required to complete a form used as a basis for advising. Students complying (n=427) and not complying (n=291) with the request were compared on high school grade point average (GPA), SAT scores, and first-term college GPA. The noncompliant students had lower credentials on the admissions criteria (high school GPA, SAT) as well as on the outcome measure (first-term college GPA), although the effect sizes were small. The findings support the contention that compliance with requirements is a proxy for academic motivation and can serve as a cue to how well a student will perform.

scholarly journals The effects of attendance and high school GPA on student performance in first-year undergraduate courses

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1956857
Author(s):  
Khalifa Al Hazaa ◽  
Abdel-Salam G. Abdel-Salam ◽  
Radwa Ismail ◽  
Chithira Johnson ◽  
Rusol Adil Naji Al-Tameemi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Student Performance ◽  
First Year ◽  
High School Gpa

First-Year Engineering Students’ Conceptualization of Entrepreneurial Mindset

2021 ◽  
pp. 251512742110292
Author(s):  
Darby R. Riley ◽  
Hayley M. Shuster ◽  
Courtney A. LeMasney ◽  
Carla E. Silvestri ◽  
Kaitlin E. Mallouk
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
College Student ◽  
Engineering Students ◽  
Educational Experiences ◽  
Multidisciplinary Design ◽  
First Year ◽  
First Semester ◽  
First Year College ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Reflection Prompts

This study was conducted to examine how first-year engineering students conceptualize the Entrepreneurial Mindset (EM) and how that conceptualization changes over the course of their first semester of college, using the Kern Entrepreneurial Engineering Network (KEEN)’s 3Cs as a starting point. Students enrolled in an introductory, multidisciplinary design course responded to biweekly reflection prompts on their educational experiences (either in high school or as a first-year college student) and related this experience to one of the 3Cs of EM: Curiosity, Connections, or Creating Value. Results indicate that students’ conceptualization of the 3Cs often align with definitions of EM from KEEN, as well as foundational works in the entrepreneurship field, and that their interpretation of each of the 3Cs does change during their first semester in college. For instance, students were less likely to write about curiosity and more likely to write about creating value at the end of the semester compared to the beginning.

scholarly journals Nonmedical Use of Prescription Stimulants Among US High School Students to Help Study: Results From a National Survey

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian J. Teter ◽  
Christopher G. DiRaimo ◽  
Brady T. West ◽  
Ty S. Schepis ◽  
Sean Esteban McCabe
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Academic Performance ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Binge Drinking ◽  
High School Seniors ◽  
National Study ◽  
Grade Point ◽  
Prescription Stimulants ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Nonmedical Use

Objective: Mixed findings exist regarding extent and efficacy of nonmedical use of prescription stimulants (NMUPS) for study enhancement (SE). This national study of US high school seniors examined NMUPS for SE and addressed risk/benefit questions: To what extent are students reporting NMUPS specifically for SE, and do these individuals demonstrate fewer problem behaviors and superior academic performance? Method: Total of 15 098 US students surveyed (2009-2015) and divided into 4 subgroups: (1) no past-year NMUPS (nonusers), (2) past-year NMUPS to help study (NMUPS-SE only), (3) past-year NMUPS for study/nonstudy motives (NMUPS-SE+ other), and (4) past-year NMUPS for nonstudy motives (NMUPS-nonSE only). Student characteristics (eg, grade point average [GPA]) and substance-related problems (eg, binge drinking) compared between subgroups. Results: Among students who reported past-year NMUPS (n = 781), 7.4% reported NMUPS-SE only, 40.9% NMUPS-SE+ other, and 51.7% NMUPS-nonSE only. Odds of binge drinking, cigarette smoking, marijuana, and opioid nonmedical use significantly higher among all NMUPS subgroups. GPAs significantly lower among subgroups reporting NMUPS nonstudy motives; did not differ between NMUPS-SE only and nonusers. Conclusions: 7% of US high school seniors engaged in NMUPS for SE only (0.4% total population). Findings indicate greater substance-related problems without superior academic performance among NMUPS-SE subgroups.

scholarly journals Evaluating the influence of anxiety and depression on academic performance in high school students

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Waleed Ahmed Shahzad
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Academic Performance ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
School Students ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Grade Point ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Mean

The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether anxiety and depression have a negative effect on academic performance. This small-scale study assessed the relationship between these factors. A cross-sectional questionnaire survey was carried out. A randomized sample of 52 high school students based in various schools across Lahore participated in the survey. Of the participants, 32 were males and 20 were females. As a measure of anxiety and depression 14 questions from the DASS-21 were utilized (The 7 questions pertaining to the measure of stress were not included in this study). Based on the DASS-21 score obtained by the respondents they were classified under categories of normal, mild, moderate, severe and extremely severe levels of anxiety and depression. As a measure of academic performance, the Grade Point Average (GPA) of the students was obtained via the survey. The mean average GPA was calculated for all the students falling under the aforementioned categories pertaining to anxiety and depression separately and these averages were compared. It was found that the mean average GPA was highest in students falling under the categories of normal and mild levels of anxiety and depression. Whereas, mean average GPA was lower in students suffering from severe levels of anxiety and depression. These findings suggest the need to come up with methods to combat anxiety and depression in high school students as these factors impede academic performance.

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