Effects of Chunked Reading among Learning Disabled Students: An Experimental Comparison of Computer and Traditional Chunked Passages

1988 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clifton A. Casteel
Keyword(s):  
Training Group ◽  
Learning Disabled ◽  
Computer Assisted Instruction ◽  
Experimental Comparison ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Disabled Students ◽  
Reading Material ◽  
Traditional Mode ◽  
Assisted Instruction

Previous studies have indicated that chunking/phrasing of sentences into smaller groups of meaningfully related words enhances retention and comprehension. This investigation was designed to assess the effects of two methods of presenting chunked reading. Thirty learning disabled tenth- and eleventh-grade students were assigned to three groups. One training group received chunked passages displayed on the screen using computer assisted instruction (CAI); the other was administered chunked passages in the traditional mode. The control group used CAI with non-chunked passages. A posttest revealed that the CAI chunked group showed higher gains. However, the CAI chunked group's mean score was not significant when compared to the traditional chunked group. Both chunked groups were superior to the CAI non-chunked group. Thus, it was concluded that separation of reading material into meaningfully related words does significantly enhance reading comprehension and the method of presentation is not significant.

Learning Disabled Students' Engaged Time and Classroom Interaction: The Impact of Computer Assisted Instruction

1986 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles A. Macarthur ◽  
Jacqueline A. Haynes ◽  
David B. Malouf
Keyword(s):  
Classroom Interaction ◽  
Learning Disabled ◽  
Computer Assisted Instruction ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Disabled Students ◽  
Teachers And Students ◽  
Assisted Instruction ◽  
Drill And Practice ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Academic Content

The affective, social, and behavioral responses of learning disabled students to computer assisted instruction are important both as significant outcomes themselves and as variables that may influence achievement. This study investigated two sets of variables that might influence achievement differences between computer assisted drill and practice (CADP) and independent seat-work: engaged time and interactions with teachers and peers. Twenty-four learning disabled students in six self-contained classrooms were observed during CADP and seatwork. During CADP, students spent significantly more time attending to academic content (engaged time) and waiting and significantly less time off task. Total time interacting with teachers and peers did not differ, but the type of help students received from teachers and the amount of time teachers and students spent watching were different. Implications for research and implementation of microcomputers in special education settings are discussed.

One Point of View: Let the Learning Disabled Learn

1986 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 2
Author(s):  
Nancy Bley
Keyword(s):  
Learning Disabilities ◽  
Learning Disabled ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Computer Assisted Instruction ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Teacher Education Programs ◽  
Students With Special Needs ◽  
The Past ◽  
Assisted Instruction ◽  
Made In

The past ten or fifteen years have produced numerous changes in the field of education, particularly in mathematic. Many advances have been made in teacher education programs, in the use of mechanical aids, and particularly in the area of computers and computer-assisted instruction. At the same time awarenes has increased of the need to deal more effectively with students with special needs, or those more commonly described as having learning disabilities.

Computer-Assisted versus Teacher-Directed Teaching of Community Living Skills in People with a Mild Learning Disability

1997 ◽  
Vol 60 (11) ◽  
pp. 498-502
Author(s):  
M M Nicol ◽  
A Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Learning Disability ◽  
Computer Assisted Instruction ◽  
Community Living ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Living Skills ◽  
Assisted Instruction ◽  
Intermediate Amount ◽  
Community Living Skills

An experiment was carried out in which adults with a learning disability of the mild type undertook either computer-assisted or teacher-implemented instruction in community living skills, with a third group acting as a control group. All groups were pre-tested on a standardised psychometric measure of community living skills (the HANC 2 subscale of the Hampshire Assessment for Living with Others test), after which the experimental groups received one half-day per week training in such skills as money handling and budgeting for 3 months, when all groups were reassessed. It was found that both the teacher-led and computer-assisted instruction groups appeared to gain more than the control group, but only the teacher-led group differed significantly from the control group. The computer-assisted group improved in their scores by an intermediate amount, with their gains being non-significantly different from either the control or the teacher-led groups. The strengths and weaknesses of the software used in the study are discussed.

Uses of Feedback in Computer-Assisted Instruction in Developing Psychomotor Skills Related to Heavy Machinery Operation

1978 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 415-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey R. Phillips ◽  
Jan Berkhout
Keyword(s):  
Relative Effectiveness ◽  
Computer Assisted Instruction ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Psychomotor Skills ◽  
Learning Abilities ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Road Speed ◽  
Performance Patterns ◽  
Assisted Instruction

A study was performed to determine the relative effectiveness of different formats of computer assisted instruction (CAI) in teaching a psychomotor performance task. A control group combining male and female subjects received instruction based on the study of written materials and unstructured practice sessions on a heavy transmission gear-shifting task. No significant differences were found between male and female performance patterns and learning abilities under control conditions. Two experimental groups, both restricted to males, were trained under similar practice conditions with the addition of computer monitoring of performance and feedback of supplemental information to the students. One group received terminal feedback of numerical performance quality scores following each trial. The other group received continuous feedback of an analytic display (a display of nominal road speed against elapsed time in the form of an X-Y plot) concurrent with each trial. Both experimental groups were tested for retention of skills after transitioning to a non-feedback performance environment. Both forms of computer assisted instruction proved to be significantly superior to the control teaching procedure.

An Evaluation of Computer-Assisted Instruction in Phonological Awareness with below Average Readers

1995 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theodore Allen Barker ◽  
Joseph K. Torgesen
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Phonological Awareness ◽  
Training Programs ◽  
Computer Assisted Instruction ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Awareness Training ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Assisted Instruction ◽  
Phonological Awareness Training

The use of computer-assisted instruction (CAI) to train phonological awareness skills in at-risk first graders was evaluated. Fifty-four children ranging in age from six years two months to seven years eight months participated in an eight-week training study. There were three experimental conditions. The first group received approximately twenty-five minutes a day, four days a week with two phonological awareness training programs. The second group received the same amount of training with a program designed to train alphabetic decoding skills. The third group served as an attentional control group and spent equal time on the computer with several programs designed to provide practice on basic math skills. The children exposed to the phonological awareness training programs made significantly greater improvements on several measures of phonological awareness and on a measure of word recognition, when compared to children in the other two groups. Tentative conclusions were drawn about the use of CAI as means of training phonological awareness skills with at-risk students.

Training the Economically Disadvantaged via Computer-Assisted Instruction: An Experiment by Chrysler Learning, Inc.

1982 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 363-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daphne Williams Ntiri
Keyword(s):  
Job Search ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
Training Sequence ◽  
Learning System ◽  
Computer Assisted Instruction ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Educational Training ◽  
Assisted Instruction ◽  
Experimental Group

Computer-assisted instruction was utilized by Chrysler Learning, Inc. to study its impact on economically and educationally disadvantaged youth subjects in basic but specific academic areas within a given time period. The program took the form of an experiment that involved two groups: 1) an experimental group that participated in an educational training sequence with an interactive computerized learning system coupled with traditional classroom instruction and work experience; and 2) a control group that received no structured instruction in basic skills but was exposed to counseling, hands-on industrial experience and job search skills. Comparison of the pre- and post-test scores indicated that the experimental group had made significantly higher gains than the control group in reading and mathematics. Reading in general was more indicative of growth but math was also positively affected.

scholarly journals Using Computer-Assisted Instruction and Developmental Theory to Improve Argumentative Writing

1995 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald R. Irwin
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Development ◽  
Developmental Theory ◽  
The Other ◽  
Computer Assisted Instruction ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Developmental Level ◽  
Argumentative Writing ◽  
Assisted Instruction ◽  
Experimental Group

A study is described in which the effectiveness of a computer program (Hermes) on improving argumentative writing is tested. One group of students was randomly assigned to a control group and the other was assigned to the experimental group where they are asked to use the Hermes program. All students were asked to write essays on controversial topics to an opposed audience. Their essays were content-analysed for dialectical traits. Based on this analysis, it was concluded that the experimental group wrote more dialectically effective essays than the control group, and the amount of difference between the control and experimental groups was related to the students' intellectual developmental level, as assessed by the Measure of Epistemological Reflection (MER). It is concluded that argumentative writing, operationalized here as dialectical writing, can be improved by computer-assisted instruction, but that attempts to teach such forms of thinking and writing need to take into account students' capacity to benefit from such instruction. Such capacity is defined here as intellectual development.

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