Population Aging and Future Course of Ghana's Age Structure

2006 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuks Mba
Keyword(s):  
Age Structure ◽  
Population Aging

Impact of the War in Croatia (1991-1995) on the Differentiation of Age Structure between Serbs and Croats: A Case Study of the Banija Region

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Aleksandar Kovjanić ◽  
Mila Pavlović ◽  
Vedran Živanović ◽  
Filip Krstić
Keyword(s):  
Age Structure ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Population Aging ◽  
Population Decline ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Aging is the subject of various studies by the scientific community and monitoring by responsible institutions. The intensity of aging and the proportion of age groups among various communities differ due to different socio-economic conditions and characteristics. This article researches the impact of the war in Croatia 1991–1995 and postwar living conditions on the divergence of population aging in the ethnically heterogeneous Banija region. The first postwar census in 2001 recorded a population decline of 44.9% compared to the 1991 census. We analyze the effects of the war on changes in ethnic and age structure, as well as their interrelations. The quantitative and qualitative magnitude of these demographic changes in the inter-census period had a decisive influence on the correlation of age and ethnic structure. The article examines whether the relative share of Serbs or Croats in the total population of a settlement affects the average age of the settlement. The results confirmed that the Serbs are older than the Croats, and are in the phase of the most advanced demographic age. These changes raise the question of the demographic future and the biological viability of the Serbs, who were the majority in the region before the war.

Population aging might mask the health benefit from China’s 2013 Clean Air Action

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yifan Liu ◽  
Xiaojing He ◽  
Zixiao Zhao ◽  
Ge Zhu ◽  
Clive Sabel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Age Structure ◽  
Pollution Control ◽  
Population Distribution ◽  
Population Aging ◽  
Health Benefit ◽  
Attributable Mortality ◽  
Air Pollution Control ◽  
Health Burden ◽  
Clean Air

<p>Ambient PM<sub>2.5</sub> (fine particulate matter) pollution in China has been greatly reduced in recent years, especially since the implementation of Clean Air Action in 2013. Analysis of variations in the pollution related health burden and the driving factors has important implications for the policymakers to further improve the health benefit of air pollution controls. Here we adopted an annual population distribution estimate, disaggregated by age structure, together with PM<sub>2.5</sub> concentration and incidence data, to better estimate total PM<sub>2.5</sub> attributable mortality considering the effect of changing population size and age structure. We then quantified the contribution of each factor to the total variation of PM<sub>2.5</sub> attributable mortality both nationally and regionally. Our analysis showed that national PM<sub>2.5</sub> attributable mortality generally increased from 861,140 (95% confidence interval: 525,860~1,161,550) in 2004 to 932,500 (546,590~1,300,160) in 2017. In most 2<sup>nd</sup>- and higher-tier cities in China, which stand for highly developed cities like Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, etc., the PM<sub>2.5</sub> health burden increased. Meanwhile, the decrease in city-level PM<sub>2.5</sub> health burden mainly happened in 3<sup>rd</sup>- and lower-tier cities, where local developments were relatively smaller. The effect of exposure to PM<sub>2.5</sub> on air pollution-related mortality has altered from aggravating to mitigating since 2012, and the abated PM<sub>2.5</sub> exposure resulted in a reduction of 19.7% of PM<sub>2.5</sub> attributable mortality between 2012 and 2017. However, such benefit was almost masked by the effect of the population aging, which brought an increase of 18.4% to the health burden. Our results implied that the increasing trend in China’s PM<sub>2.5</sub> health burden since 2006 was halted after 2012 due to the pollution control policies, and population aging impeded it from declining further. For future air pollution control and public health affairs, growing cities in China should focus attention on old-age care, where the growth of attributable mortality might occur.</p>

scholarly journals Population Aging in Russia and China: Features and Socioeconomic Risks

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 36-48
Author(s):  
Valentina Dobrokhleb ◽  
Vitaly Barsukov
Keyword(s):  
Age Structure ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Aging Process ◽  
Population Aging ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Healthy Life ◽  
Brics Countries ◽  
Demographic Challenges ◽  
Demographic Aging

The article is devoted to one of the main demographic challenges for Russia and China - population aging. In the first part of the work, the main trends in the transformation of the age structure are considered, and the conclusion is drawn about the heterogeneity of the demographic aging process in the studied countries. It was revealed that Russia, which entered the phase of population aging earlier than China, practically does not progress in terms of growth in survival rates and healthy life expectancy of the population, which is reflected in a noticeably lower rate of deepening of old age in the age structure. The aging process of the Chinese population is noticeably more balanced due to the absence of serious gender differences in mortality rates, as well as due to the significantly lower internal differentiation of regions. The second part of the article analyzes the existing and probable socio-economic risks caused by the aging of the age structure of the population of Russia and China. It has been determined that for both countries, the problem of intensive aging of the population is becoming one of the key ones. Even now, the BRICS countries (all of which, with the exception of Russia, have seen a significant increase in the share and size of the older generation) are showing a decline in economic growth. After the completion of the stage of implementation of the demographic dividend, these indicators may fall to extremely low values, which, under a certain scenario, may become a catalyst for the emergence of a new planetary economic crisis, given the contribution of the BRICS countries to the world economy (especially China). Overcoming the negative consequences of the phenomenon of population aging is possible only with the development of a systematic policy for maintaining sustainable socio-economic development in new demographic conditions

HEALTHY LIFE EXPECTANCY IN THE CONTEXT OF POPULATION AGING: GLOBAL TRENDS IN THE COVID-19 ERA

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 9-9
Author(s):  
N.V. Goroshko ◽  
◽  
E.K. Emelyanova ◽  
S.V. Patsala ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Age Structure ◽  
Population Aging ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Progressive Increase ◽  
Healthy Life Expectancy ◽  
Global Development ◽  
Healthy Life ◽  
The Impact

Significance. Healthy life expectancy in the world is gradually increasing in the context of a progressive increase in the number and share of older people compared to the rest of the population. These are the most visible trends in the global development. However, the COVID-19 pandemic has become an unprecedented challenge to the mankind, threatening to slow down these processes due to the high mortality in older ages. Purpose of the study: to define trends in the global development of the aging process both “deep” and “wide”. Subject of the study: Healthy life expectancy in the context of population aging in the COVID-19 era. Material and methods. Statistical materials of WHO, UN, Eurostat and methods of general logical, analytical, statistical analysis and empirical research. Results. The nature of possible changes in the age structure and healthy life expectancy in the context of the global COVID-19 pandemic has been identified. Conclusion. The impact of the “pandemic effect” on healthy life expectancy and the age structure of the population will be more pronounced in economically developed countries, despite achievements in the healthcare system and developments in medicine. In such settings the depth of the population aging has already reached its maximum, therefore, the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic, which are most negative among the elderly, will be more pronounced compared to the developing world.

scholarly journals Comparative Study of Population Aging Trend in Iran and Poland

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-116
Author(s):  
Hasan Hekmatnia ◽  
Kamran Jafarpour Ghalehteimouri ◽  
Ali Shamsoddini
Keyword(s):  
Older People ◽  
Elderly People ◽  
Age Structure ◽  
Birth Rate ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Population Aging ◽  
Aging Population ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
The Impact

Population aging and its consequences are an extremely controversial issue in the global context. An increase in the number of older people along with a decrease in the birth rate leads to an excessive burden on the economically active part of the population. Such imbalances threaten to reduce the workforce, slow economic growth, increase social spending, increase the fiscal burden. Therefore, using the country’s own experience to solve the problem of rapid aging of the nation and take measures to improve the quality of life of older people and their social integration into society is insufficient, as changes in the age structure of the population may occur for the first time. Therefore, it is necessary to study and adapt the experience of other countries to address this social issue. The purpose of this study was to conduct a comparative analysis of the aging population in Iran and Poland, as well as to assess the impact of the nation’s aging on life expectancy, fertility and gross domestic product (GDP) in these two countries. The object of the study is Poland as a representative of European countries, which is facing an increase in the number of elderly people, and Iran as a country where the age structure of the population is just beginning to change. The study period is 1950-2020. The results of the study show that there has been an increase in the elderly population, but the share of this population compared to other countries is lower. The authors of the study proved the existence of significant differences in the aging population in Poland and Iran. A feature of the demographic situation in Iran is the declining birth rate, which leads to a decrease in the total population and an increase in the proportion of elderly people. These socio-demographic transformations in the long run can have a destructive effect on Iran’s GDP. In contrast to Iran, Poland is experiencing an increase in population aging, leading to rising spending on social security and protection, as well as falling GDP. The rapid growth of the elderly population compared to the growth of the total population of the country and the increase in the share of elderly people in the coming years emphasizes the need for further planning of control over the problems associated with this population group.

scholarly journals Population Aging and Health Trajectories at Older Ages

2017 ◽  
Vol 74 (7) ◽  
pp. 1245-1255
Author(s):  
Eric M Vogelsang ◽  
James M Raymo ◽  
Jersey Liang ◽  
Erika Kobayashi ◽  
Taro Fukaya
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Age Structure ◽  
Population Aging ◽  
Local Population ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Adult Health ◽  
Growth Curve Models ◽  
Health Trajectories ◽  
Japanese Older Adults ◽  
Relative Prevalence

Abstract Objective This study examines relationships between municipal age structure and two types of self-rated health: general (SRH) and comparison with similar-aged peers (C-SRH). Methods Using a national sample of almost 5,000 Japanese older adults over two decades, we employ hierarchical growth curve models to estimate health trajectories. For municipal age structure, we consider both the relative prevalence of elderly adults in the local population and the pace of aging over time. Results Living in the oldest municipalities was generally associated with worse health, particularly between the ages of 70 and 80 years. For SRH, the speed of municipal population aging was also independently associated with worse health. For C-SRH, worse health in older areas was partially explained by less favorable economic conditions in those municipalities. Results also suggest that higher levels of employment and social integration among older adults living in the oldest municipalities operate in the opposite direction. That is, these attributes partially “protect” individuals from other factors that contribute to worse health. Discussion Relative differences in municipal age structure and the pace of population aging are largely unexplored and potentially important correlates of older adult health. This line of research is increasingly salient in a world with substantial and growing regional variation in population aging.

Importance of Optimizing Visual Acuity in Vulnerable Seniors Living in an Institution

2012 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 46
Author(s):  
Estefania Chriqui ◽  
Nathalie Champoux ◽  
Hélène Kergoat
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Population Aging ◽  
Routine Test ◽  
Communication Disabilities ◽  
Specific Factors ◽  
Ocular Refraction ◽  
Important Measurement

Visual acuity is an important measurement taken during an eye exam for checking an individual’s ability to see properly and to guide the adjusting of ocular refraction. It is a routine test usually done in a few minutes and with no particularly difficulty. However, this measurement can be more difficult to do in seniors with cognition or communication disabilities. For example, this may be true for a senior with dementia or suffering from aphasia following a stroke. The purpose of this article is to present certain aspects of population aging, data connected with institutionalization of seniors, various conditions that are more prevalent with age, as well as specific factors demonstrating the importance of optimizing vision in seniors. Lastly, this article will provide an overview of various scales available for measuring visual acuity.

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