The Arc of Justice: The Ethical Implications of Framing the HIV/AIDS Pandemic as a National Security Threat: An Annotated Bibliography

2003 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-61
Author(s):  
Jennifer Logan Coyle
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
The United States ◽  
Annotated Bibliography ◽  
Security Threat ◽  
News Reports ◽  
Ethical Implications ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Government Documents ◽  
History Of ◽  
Hiv Aids

This annotated bibliography explores the ethical implications of the U.S. Government's reframing of HIV/AIDS in Africa from a public health to a national security threat in the late 1990s. It emphasizes the advantages and disadvantages from a utilitarian viewpoint of likely increased national agenda and funding priority in the United States and the offsetting potential distrust of developing countries about the long history of U.S. exploitation and colonialism. The annotated selections are drawn primarily from U.S. Government documents and news reports during 1999–2000 when this transition was occurring.

scholarly journals Fighting an Epidemic in Political Context: Thirty-Five Years of HIV/AIDS Policy Making in the United States

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 1001-1028 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tasleem J Padamsee
Keyword(s):  
Health Policy ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
The United States ◽  
Daily News ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
News Reports ◽  
Aids Policy ◽  
Us Government ◽  
History Of ◽  
Hiv Aids

Abstract The history of US government action on HIV/AIDS offers important lessons concerning the limits and possibilities of US public health policy. Yet only the first decade of this history has previously been well-documented. This article updates the history by constructing a macro-level account of policies that have been considered and implemented, along with the discourses and debates that have shaped them. This account is generated through systematic study of many dozens of policy making moments, drawing on >70 original interviews, >20,000 daily news reports and hundreds of contemporaneous policy documents. The paper chronicles HIV/AIDS policy from the initial years when the federal government resisted addressing the crisis; through subsequent periods shaped by alternating Republican and Democratic administrations; to contemporary policy making in an era when broader health policy transitions offer hope of normalized treatment and coverage for people with HIV, and scientific innovations offer the possibility of ending HIV/AIDS itself. It also illuminates how national HIV/AIDS policy is not only a series of responses to the concrete challenges of a health crisis, but also a malleable political product and a resource used to wage broader social and ideological battles.

scholarly journals Conflict in the Middle East: The US and the Turkish-Kurdish Conflict

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 11-21
Author(s):  
Matthew Dotzler
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Foreign Policy ◽  
National Security ◽  
Boiling Point ◽  
The United States ◽  
Us Foreign Policy ◽  
Northern Iraq ◽  
The Us ◽  
History Of ◽  
Kurdish Conflict

The conflict between Turkey and the Kurds is once again reaching a boiling point. Following the defeat of ISIL in northern Iraq and Syria, Turkey is now concerned that the returning Kurdish militias pose a threat to its national security. The United States, as an ally to both parties, finds itself in a unique position to push for diplomatic solutions and to mediate the conflict before it grows out of control once again. This paper will examine the history of the Turkish-Kurdish conflict, the actors involved, and how US foreign policy can be used to try and deter yet another war in the region.

Conclusion

2020 ◽  
pp. 223-226
Author(s):  
Dan Royles
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
United States ◽  
Health Equity ◽  
Affordable Care Act ◽  
The United States ◽  
First Year ◽  
Communities Of Color ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Affordable Care Act ◽  
Hiv Aids

This chapter considers what it means to write the history of a crisis that has not yet ended, and briefly traces connections among the stories told in previous chapters. It connects these stories to the ongoing fight for health equity in the United States, including the author’s involvement in the fight to preserve the Affordable Care Act in the first year of Donald Trump’s presidency. Finally, it compares HIV/AIDS to climate change, as both are existential crises that will disproportionately affect poor communities of color.

Government Publications and the Development of Libraries

2003 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-62
Author(s):  
Kenneth E. Carpenter
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Public Support ◽  
The United States ◽  
Statistical Information ◽  
Conscious Decision ◽  
Government Documents ◽  
History Of ◽  
Library Support ◽  
National Libraries

This paper examines the history of statistical publishing by governments, looks at other kinds of government publishing, and provides brief case studies of the collecting of government documents by libraries in Europe and the United States. These are revealing of attitudes toward government documents and in some cases show a relationship between government-document collecting and the goals of the library. The author argues that collecting and disseminating statistical information was a conscious decision made by governments on the grounds that information would lead to public support. It is arguable that the budget increases for national libraries in Britain and France, which occurred as well in the 1830s, derived from the value those governments placed on disseminating information. A connection in one era between library support and what is considered to be knowledge and the value placed on it suggests a way of looking at libraries in other periods. Indeed, for all libraries, policies and practices in collecting government documents may be indicative of a library's goals.

China’s ‘new media’ create new markets and new risks

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New Media ◽  
National Security ◽  
The United States ◽  
Live Streaming ◽  
Security Threat ◽  
Content Type ◽  
International Growth ◽  
Short Video ◽  
The Government

Subject Live streaming and short video in China. Significance Live streaming and ‘short video’ apps have fast become mainstream in China. The international growth of Chinese-owned short-video app TikTok has generated fears in the United States that its data policies and censorship constitute a national security threat. Impacts China’s array of internet regulations make it easy for the government to find fault with a firm whose actions it disapproves of. Future laws in China will directly govern the use of the algorithms tech firms use to monitor and censor content. US politicians will be increasingly aware, and wary, of Chinese tech firms that collect data on US citizens.

scholarly journals Radiological Weapons (Excerpts from the History of Ban Talks)

2020 ◽  
pp. 184-199
Author(s):  
Yurii Kostenko
Keyword(s):  
National Level ◽  
The United States ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Diplomatic History ◽  
Security Threat ◽  
Nuclear Terrorism ◽  
Nuclear Security ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Definition Of

Abstract. The article highlights the history of radiological weapons ban negotiations. In 1948, the United Nations Commission on Conventional Armaments identified radiological weapons as WMD. Since as early as the 1960s, some states have put forward proposals to ban radiological weapons at the international level as potentially threatening human lives and the environment. In 1977 to 1979, a treaty banning radiological weapons was approved on the basis of a draft developed at bilateral Soviet-American negotiations in Geneva, which could have become an important impetus for further actions in limiting the arms race. The careful preparation of the text of the future treaty by the USSR and US delegations raised expectations that its finalisation by the Disarmament Commission would not take much time. The reality, however, was far different. In December 1979, the Afghan war broke out. In response to the Soviet aggression against Afghanistan, the United States took a whole set of measures, including the refusal to continue bilateral talks on the prohibition of radiological weapons. The author notes that control over radioactive materials was strengthened at the national level, without waiting for an international legal definition of radiological weapons. Political ambitions of a number of countries have prevented the Conference on Disarmament from achieving positive results. The author emphasises that today nuclear terrorism is regarded by world leaders as an urgent global-scale security threat, as confirmed by the international Nuclear Security Summit in Washington, D.C. in 2016, attended by delegations from over 50 countries. The author states that the issue of the radiological weapons prohibition remains pending. Keywords: radiological weapons, Conference on Disarmament, Ukrainian diplomatic history, USA, Geneva, USSR.

scholarly journals Ebola and the Evolving Ethics of Quarantine

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Hughes
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Developing World ◽  
The United States ◽  
Treatment Protocols ◽  
Ethical Concerns ◽  
Policies And Procedures ◽  
Aids Pandemic ◽  
History Of ◽  
New Treatment ◽  
Hiv Aids

Within the context of the history of quarantine, both worldwide and in the United States, this essay analyzes current quarantine policies related to Ebola with an inquiry into both related bio-ethical concerns and an analysis of the ways in which emerging Ebola pharmaceutical treatments, particularly the rVSV-ZEBOV vaccine, may shift quarantine policies. By way of background, the historical roots of quarantine are first briefly examined alongside an analysis of why quarantine policies were not instituted in relationship to the HIV/AIDS pandemic. Then, current quarantine policies and procedures in both the developed and developing world are delineated, with an analysis of the application of these quarantine policies to Ebola. An overview is provided of how new treatment protocols may change Ebola quarantine alongside related bio-ethical concerns.

Technology as a Battleground: US Demands, China’s Responses

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (02) ◽  
pp. 24-33
Author(s):  
Litao ZHAO ◽  
Xiangru YIN
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Cold War ◽  
National Security ◽  
The United States ◽  
Security Threat ◽  
National Competitiveness ◽  
Trump Administration

The United States’ fear of losing its technological edge to China is on the rise. The Trump administration has viewed China’s techno-industrial plans and policies as a national security threat. Recognising the reality that it cannot afford to have a Cold War or “cold peace” with the United States, China has shown willingness to make concessions, but only to a certain degree. The Trump administration’s growing hostility is unlikely to stop China from pursuing frontier technologies, which are a source of national competitiveness, security and pride for China as much as for the United States.

Correspondence of the Director of the Library of Congress with the President of the United States: on the History of Acquisition of the Collection of G.V. Yudin

2013 ◽  
pp. 82-86
Author(s):  
Harold Leich ◽  
Anastasia A. Korniyenko
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Library Of Congress ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
History Of ◽  
Personal Library

The article presents the unpublished correspondence of October, 1906, between the Librarian of Congress and the President of the United States, where there are discussed the advantages and disadvantages of acquiring by the Library of the large personal library (81,000 volumes) of G.V. Yudin, Krasnoyarsk merchant. The article also presents the Memorandum from a previous Librarian of Congress, arguing strongly against the purchase of the collection.

The Researcher as a National Security Threat

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 451-461
Author(s):  
Narges Bajoghli
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
National Security ◽  
The United States ◽  
Ethnographic Research ◽  
Security Threat ◽  
Intelligence Gathering

Abstract Based on ethnographic research in Iran among the country's Islamic Revolutionary Guards Corps (IRGC) and its Basij militia, this article explores the process of gaining access to these militarized groups in order to conduct long-term research. Specifically, what does it mean to build rapport and gain trust within a highly securitized space such as this? What happens when the researcher is a potential “national security” threat in both Iran and the United States? How is national security enacted in everyday interactions in the field? Given that anthropologists have tended to have an affinity with the group and community they work with, this article explores the implications of research among a group of men in charge of surveillance, intelligence gathering, and citizen suppression in the country. The article argues that in the midst of national security rhetoric, interrogative surveillance is a strategic tool that makes space for engagement.

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