scholarly journals Efecto de la aplicación de Azospirillum sp. y Azotobacter sp. sobre el crecimiento y productividad de kikuyo (Pennisetum clandestinum)

Bionatura ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 2156-2160
Author(s):  
Oscar Vivanco-Galván ◽  
Danny Carrión ◽  
Daniel Capa-Mora
Keyword(s):  
Pennisetum Clandestinum

El uso de bacterias promotoras de crecimiento vegetal (BPCV), es considerada como una alternativa para sustituir los fertilizantes químicos, ya que favorece la productividad de las especies vegetales. El presente estudio evalúo el efecto de BPCV de los géneros Azospirillum sp. y Azotobacter sp. en el cultivo del Pennisetum clandestinum (kikuyo), sobre altura de la planta, largo máximo de la hoja, largo de raíces, biomasa fresca y proteína total. La aplicación de las bacterias se realizó periódicamente sobre el cultivo, la primera inoculación fue luego del arado del terreno y posterior a ello cada 15 días, hasta el día 45. Los resultados muestran que Azospirillum sp. y Azotobacter sp. influyeron sobre el crecimiento y rendimiento de kikuyo. La aplicación de Azospirillium sp. mostró un incremento significativo en kikuyo sobre los parámetros altura de la planta y el largo de raíz, mientras Azotobacter sp. en la producción de biomasa fresca, largo de raíz y proteína total, por lo cual el uso de estos microorganismos benéficos podría ser de gran importancia en las actividades de producción de pasto para la ganadería, además de ser una alternativa para reducir el uso de productos químicos, con lo que se contribuiría a un mejor manejo de cultivos y al cuidado del medio ambiente.

Invasion Resistance of Tall Fescue (Festuca arundinaceae) and Perennial Ryegrass (Lolium perenne) to Kikuyugrass (Pennisetum clandestinum)

1997 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clyde L. Elmore ◽  
Victor A. Gibeault ◽  
David W. Cudney
Keyword(s):  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Invasion Resistance ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Pennisetum Clandestinum ◽  
Stolon Length

Overseeding established kikuyugrass swards with tall fescue or perennial ryegrass reduced kikuyugrass cover. Renovation prior to seeding did not aid in the establishment of these two species. Increasing the seeding rate from 79 to 157 kg/ha improved the establishment of perennial ryegrass but not tall fescue. When kikuyugrass plugs were introduced into established turf, tall fescue reduced the invasion of kikuyugrass stolons more than perennial ryegrass. Tall fescue reduced percent kikuyugrass cover, number and spread of stolons, and biomass (compared to perennial ryegrass). The newer turf-type tall fescue cultivars ‘Bonsai,’ ‘Falcon,’ and ‘Olympic’ were more effective than the older tall fescue cultivar ‘Fawn’ in reducing kikuyugrass invasion by reducing stolon number, stolon length, and biomass.

Grazing behaviour and pattern of intake of dairy cows grazing kikuyu (Pennisetum clandestinum) grass pastures in relation to sward height and length of grazing session

2009 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 233 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Dobos ◽  
W. J. Fulkerson ◽  
K. Sinclair ◽  
G. N. Hinch
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Grazing Management ◽  
Feeding Strategies ◽  
Intake Rate ◽  
Pennisetum Clandestinum ◽  
Sward Height ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Grazing Period ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Strip Grazing

To investigate how grazing time, herbage dry matter intake (DMI) and intake rate (IR) are influenced by intensive grazing management, dairy cows strip-grazing subtropical grass pastures (Pennisetum clandestinum) at two compressed sward heights (10 and 13 cm) and at five grazing durations (1, 2, 4, 8 and 15 h) and replicated over 3 days were studied. The study was conducted in summer and the cows were observed every 20 min from 1600 to 0700 hours to calculate the time spent (min/h) grazing, ruminating and resting. Total time spent grazing was 45 min longer for cows grazing the 13-cm sward than for those grazing the 10-cm sward over the 15-h grazing period. The rate of increase in grazing time was 0.64 h/h grazing duration up to 4 h after introduction to fresh pasture. IR of cows grazing the 13-cm sward was significantly higher than those grazing the 10-cm sward (0.17 v. 0.12 kg DM/min spent grazing). The difference in IRs between sward height treatments resulted from the higher DMI in the 13-cm sward within the first 4 h of grazing compared with the 10-cm sward, although following the first 4-h grazing period IR was similar for both sward heights. Grazing time increased with sward height up to a maximum of 4 h after introduction to fresh pasture and had also maximised herbage DMI by this time. These results have important practical implications for dairy cow grazing management systems because they show that dairy managers could remove cows after 4 h with little compromise in production and will help in developing optimum supplementary feeding strategies when pasture availability limits DMI.

Production responses of dairy cows grazing well-managed kikuyu (Pennisetum clandestinum) pastures to energy and protein supplementation

1996 ◽  
Vol 36 (7) ◽  
pp. 763 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Reeves ◽  
WJ Fulkerson ◽  
RC Kellaway
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Protein Supplementation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Plasma Urea ◽  
Pennisetum Clandestinum ◽  
Cereal Grain ◽  
Metabolisable Energy ◽  
Production Response

Three studies were conducted to examine the production response of Friesian cows grazing well-managed lukuyu (Pennisetum clandestinum) pasture to supplementation with a cereal grain concentrate, with and without the inclusion of formaldehyde-treated protein meal. Mean (¦ s.e.) levels of nutrients in the pasture (g/kg DM) on offer were: 205 ¦ 3 crude protein; 683 ¦ 7 in vitro organic matter digestibility; 239 ¦ 2 acid detergent fibre; 615 ¦ 8 neutral detergent fibre and 4.47 ¦ 0.16, 2.51 ¦ 0.06, 31.96 ¦ 0.98, 0.39 ¦ 0.03 and 3.18 ¦ 0.09 of calcium, phosphorus, potassium, sodium and magnesium, respectively. Study 1 was a 3-farmlet study conducted over 45 days (March-April 1993) involving cows 5-6 months into lactation, which compared 3 levels of concentrate feeding at 0 (R0), 3 (R3) or 6 (R6) kg crushed barley/cow.day. Study 2 was an 18-day extension of study 1 with animals in the seventh month of lactation. The concentrate fed was 72% barley and 24% formaldehyde-treated sunflower meal. Pasture intake of individual cows was determined using an alkane technique. Mean milk yields (L/cow. day) in study 1 were 14.2, 18.3 and 18.0, and in study 2 were 12.5, 18.5 and 17.4 for treatments R0, R3 and R6, respectively. Milk fat (3.77 v. 3.26%), but not milk protein, content of the Ro cows was significantly higher than R6 cows in study 1 only. In study 2, the apparent whole-diet digestibility remained constant as concentrate level rose, indicating a negative effect of concentrate fed on forage digestibility in the absence of buffers. Study 3 was a 3 x 4 factorial design plus a 'control' group (0.5 kg barley/cow.day used as a carrier for minerals) to examine the milk production response to 3 levels of concentrate feeding (3, 6 and 9 kg/cow.day) with 4 levels of formaldehyde-treated canola meal (FTCM; 0, 20, 40 and 60% of concentrate). Rations were iso-energetic within levels of concentrates fed. The control group had significantly lower milk production (17.2 L/cow.day), as well as milk protein (2.90%), plasma urea (PU) (5.90 mmol/L) and P-hydroxybutyrate (G-OHB) (0.525 mmo1L) than other treatment groups. The mean milk production response of 0.6 L milk/kg concentrate fed in study 3 at the 3 kg/day level of feeding was lower than observed in studies 1 and 2 (1.4 and 2.0 L/kg concentrate, respectively). The level of metabolisable energy in the concentrate in study 3 had a significant influence on milk production, milk fat and milk protein levels. Plasma glucose and G-OHB levels significantly increased with the incorporation of FTCM into the concentrate. Nonesterified fatty acid levels dropped significantly below levels of other treatments at the lowest level of inclusion of FTCM. PU levels generally increased in response to increasing metabolisable energy and inclusion of FTCM in the concentrate, with an interaction between them. Milk urea (MU) levels (mmol/L) showed a significant linear (P<0.001; r2 = 0.44) relationship to PU levels (mmol/L) as follows: MU = 0.167 + 0.272PU.

scholarly journals Uso del Kikuyo (Pennisetum Clandestinum L), residuo de la poda de áreas verdes para la obtención de ácido piroleñoso con fines agropecuarios

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (3.4.) ◽  
pp. 354-364
Author(s):  
Diego Burbano Salas
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Fourier Transform Infrared ◽  
Phyllostachys Pubescens ◽  
Pennisetum Clandestinum

Los grandes volúmenes de biomasa generados en el mantenimiento de áreas verdes se los considera un punto focal de producción de desechos orgánicos. En el presente trabajo, se propone la obtención del ácido piroleñoso a partir del precursor Pennisetum Clandestinum L (kikuyo), residuo muy común producto de las podas y de adecentamiento de jardines; se describe todo el proceso termoquímico de validación de la tecnología para obtención del producto y subproductos aprovechables (carbón, alquitrán)  y la evaluación de los macro elementos y los componentes estructurales de la sustancia mediante el método de Espectrometría Infrarroja con Transformada de Fourier (FTIR del inglés Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy), por una comparativa directa, se demuestra que sus propiedades son similares al producto proveniente del Bambú (Phyllostachys pubescens f) el cual posee características que pueden incrementar el crecimiento radicular en vegetales, en animales de granja mejora la digestibilidad de los nutrientes y reduce los coliformes intestinales perjudiciales. Los resultados obtenidos describen un rendimiento de entre 20 y 30 % para los gases con una energía máxima entregada que oscila entre 150 y 1000 kcal.  

scholarly journals PREVALENCIA DE FASCIOLOSIS (FASCIOLA HEPATICA LINNAEUS, 1758) EN LAS EMPRESAS DE RASTRO BOVINO DE LA PROVINCIA DE IMBABURA, ECUADOR

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-78
Author(s):  
Jeferson Cacuango-Quishpe ◽  
Vicente Arteaga-Cadena ◽  
Ángel Villavicencio-Abril ◽  
Rocío Guamán-Guamán ◽  
Santiago Ulloa-Cortázar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fasciola Hepatica ◽  
Schoenoplectus Californicus ◽  
Pennisetum Clandestinum

La fasciolosis es una zoonosis provocada por el parásito Fasciola hepatica Linnaeus, 1758, éste para poder desarrollar su ciclo biológico, necesita de un hospedero intermediario (molusco gasterópodo, Lymnaeidae), y un hospedero definitivo (mamíferos, incluyendo al hombre). Esta enfermedad, ha causado pérdidas económicas anuales de $ 200 M en el mundo. El objetivo de la presente investigación fue identificar la prevalencia de F. hepatica en los centros de rastro bovino, determinar las pérdidas económicas, e identificar las características agroecológica en donde se desarrollan los hospederos intermediarios, en la provincia de Imbabura, Ecuador. Se identificó una prevalencia de F. hepatica, de 10,9%, donde el Cantón Otavalo presentó 190 muestras positivas (19,7%), considerándose el punto con mayor prevalencia dentro del estudio. Los bovinos positivos fueron, 102 machos (26,9%) y 277 hembras (73,1%), los cuales pertenecen al biotipo Mestizo (53,5%), Holstein (42%) y Normando (4,5 %), siendo el 78,6% mayores a dos años y 21,4% menores a dos años. Se presentó una pérdida económica anual de $ 69.547,5 dólares americanos. Los 20 biotopos muestreados, se mantuvieron dentro de los valores promedio; distancia del centro poblado 0,7 km, área de 42,8 m2; 31 moluscos por biotopo, pH del suelo 7,1; profundidad del agua 2,3 cm; altitud de 2.019 a 2.772 msnm; temperatura de 20 °C y humedad relativa de 74%. Los moluscos se ubicaron en acequias (55%), charcos (25%), pantanos (10%), riachuelos y el suelo (5%), con presencia de kikuyo (Pennisetum clandestinum Hochst. Ex Chiov, 1903) y totora (Schoenoplectus californicus C. A. Mey., 1850) como especies dominantes. La provincia de Imbabura posee una prevalencia moderada en cuanto a epidemiología por parte de fasciolosis, se confirma que estas zonas presentan un ecosistema apto para el desarrollo del ciclo biológico de la fasciolosis.

scholarly journals Efeito da temperatura no desenvolvimento de Euplectrus ronnai Brèthes (Hymenoptera, Eulophidae) parasitando lagartas de Pseudaletia sequax Fraquelemont (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae) e consumo alimentar do hospedeiro

1998 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana C. Yamamoto ◽  
Augusta K. Doetzer ◽  
Luís A. Foerster
Keyword(s):  
Pennisetum Clandestinum ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

Estudou-se em laboratório o efeito de cinco temperaturas constantes (15 °, 17 °, 21°, 25 ° e 29 ° C) na duração das fases imaturas de Euplectrus ronnai (Brétlies) sobre lagartas de Pseudaleria sequax Franclcmont. O parasitóide completou o desenvolvimento em todas as temperaturas. A menor mortalidade (13 %) ocorreu a 25 ° C e a maior (48%) a 15 ° C. Obteve-se uma relação linear entre o tempo de desenvolvimento de E. ronnai e a temperatura na faixa entre 15 e 29 ° C. A temperatura base (Tl) e a constante térmica (K) foram estimadas através da equação de regressão linear; a Tb foi de 11.4° C para a fase ovo-larval e 12,3 ° C para a fase pupal. A constante térmica para a fase ovo-larval e pupal foi de 109,5 e 102,4 graus-dia (CD), respectivamente, e 211,4 CD durante todo o período de desenvolvimento. A temperatura mais adequada para o desenvolvimento de E. ronnai, em termos de sobrevivência e de velocidade de desenvolvimento foi 25 ° C. O consumo alimentar de lagartas parasitadas foi avaliado em laboratório, utilizando-se folhas capim quicuio (Pennisetum clandestinum Hochstetter) como alimento. Lagartas parasitadas consumiram cerca de 95 % menos alimento que lagartas não parasitadas, mesmo quando os ovos do parasitóide foram retirados logo.

Kikuyugrass (Pennisetum clandestinum) Management in Turf

1993 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 180-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
David W. Cudney ◽  
James A. Downer ◽  
Victor A. Gibeault ◽  
J. Michael Henry ◽  
John S. Reints
Keyword(s):  
Competitive Ability ◽  
Perennial Weed ◽  
Turf Grass ◽  
Pennisetum Clandestinum

Kikuyugrass is an invasive, perennial weed of turf-grass in California. Currently, complete renovation of infested turf is the most practical means of control. A less disruptive method was needed to reduce the competitive ability of kikuyugrass while allowing the regrowth of desirable turf species. Treatment with MSMA, triclopyr, and quinclorac did not control kikuyugrass as single applications, but when applied at 4- to 5-wk intervals over a 5-mo period, kikuyugrass was reduced. Sequential applications of two-way combinations of these herbicides in 1991 resulted in reductions of kikuyugrass from 80% to less than 1% of the sward.

scholarly journals Defoliation Dynamics in Kikuyugrass Pastures Subjected to Intensities of Defoliation

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1939
Author(s):  
Cauby Medeiros-Neto ◽  
Daniel Schmitt ◽  
Clóvis David Medeiros Martins ◽  
Jaciara Diavão ◽  
André Fischer Sbrissia
Keyword(s):  
Time Scales ◽  
Stocking Density ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Initial Height ◽  
Pennisetum Clandestinum ◽  
Herbage Intake ◽  
Different Time Scales

Some recent papers have recommended moderate intensities of defoliation in order to maximize herbage intake at different time-scales. Most of them, however, did not assess the grazing dynamics of individual tillers during the stocking period. Therefore, the objective of this work was to describe the defoliation dynamics of kikuyugrass (Pennisetum clandestinum Hochst ex. Chiov) pastures subjected to different intensities of defoliation (40, 50, 60, and 70% of the initial height). Twelve 1500 m2 plots were strip-grazed over 24 h, and the frequency and severity of defoliation of individual tillers were assessed in 40 tagged tillers per experimental unit. From these data (n = 1920), we calculated the grazed area in the upper, second, and third horizon, and the total grazed area. We found that the frequency of defoliation by leaf category (expanding, mature, and senescent) increased linearly with the intensity of defoliation, and that reductions in extended tillers could not be used as a proxy to estimate the frequency of defoliation. Moreover, 22% of the second and third horizons were already exploited with intensities of defoliation of 40%, raising the possibility that the exploitation of lower grazing horizons could be more related to stocking density and relatively independent of the grazed area.

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