scholarly journals Surveillance of Cardiovascular Risk Factors in the Fifth Military Sector Health Center, Ngaoundéré, Cameroon: Observational Study

10.2196/18567 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (11) ◽  
pp. e18567
Author(s):  
Williams Bell Ngan ◽  
Lawrence Essama Eno Belinga ◽  
Alain Serges Patrick Essam Nlo'o ◽  
Frederic Roche ◽  
Luc Goethals ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Health Center ◽  
World Health ◽  
Behavioral Risk Factors ◽  
Behavioral Risk ◽  
Specific Information ◽  
The Military

Background Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are the leading causes of death worldwide. They were responsible for 40 million of the 57 million deaths recorded worldwide in 2016. In Cameroon, epidemiological studies have been devoted to NCDs and their risk factors. However, none provides specific information on their extent or the distribution of their risk factors within the Cameroonian defense forces. Objective The objective of our study was to assess the cardiovascular risk of a Cameroonian military population compared with that of its neighboring civilian population. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study that involved subjects aged 18 to 58 years, recruited from October 2017 to November 2018 at the Fifth Military Sector Health Center in Ngaoundéré, Cameroon. Data collection and assessment were done according to the World Health Organization (WHO)’s STEPS manual for surveillance of risk factors for chronic NCDs and the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test. Five cardiovascular risk factors were assessed: smoking, harmful alcohol consumption, obesity/overweight, hypertension, and diabetes. The risk was considered high in subjects with 3 or more of the factors. Univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression were carried out according to their indications. Results Our study sample of 566 participants included 295 soldiers and 271 civilians of the same age group (median age 32 years versus 33 years, respectively; P=.57). The military sample consisted of 31 officers and 264 noncommissioned officers (NCOs). Soldiers were more exposed to behavioral risk factors than civilians, with a prevalence of smoking of 13.9% versus 4.4% (P<.001) and excessive alcohol consumption of 61.7% versus 14.8% (P<.001). They also presented with a higher cardiovascular risk than civilians (odds ratio 2.7, 95% CI 1.50-4.81; P<.001), and among the military participants, the cardiovascular risk was higher for officers than for NCOs (51.6% versus 14.0%, respectively; P<.001). Conclusions Cameroonian soldiers are particularly exposed to cardiovascular behavioral risk factors and consequently are at higher risk of NCDs. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04315441; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04315441

scholarly journals Surveillance of Cardiovascular Risk Factors in the Fifth Military Sector Health Center, Ngaoundéré, Cameroon: Observational Study (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Williams Bell Ngan ◽  
Lawrence Essama Eno Belinga ◽  
Alain Serges Patrick Essam Nlo'o ◽  
Frederic Roche ◽  
Luc Goethals ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Health Center ◽  
World Health ◽  
Behavioral Risk Factors ◽  
Behavioral Risk ◽  
Specific Information ◽  
The Military

BACKGROUND Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are the leading causes of death worldwide. They were responsible for 40 million of the 57 million deaths recorded worldwide in 2016. In Cameroon, epidemiological studies have been devoted to NCDs and their risk factors. However, none provides specific information on their extent or the distribution of their risk factors within the Cameroonian defense forces. OBJECTIVE The objective of our study was to assess the cardiovascular risk of a Cameroonian military population compared with that of its neighboring civilian population. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study that involved subjects aged 18 to 58 years, recruited from October 2017 to November 2018 at the Fifth Military Sector Health Center in Ngaoundéré, Cameroon. Data collection and assessment were done according to the World Health Organization (WHO)’s STEPS manual for surveillance of risk factors for chronic NCDs and the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test. Five cardiovascular risk factors were assessed: smoking, harmful alcohol consumption, obesity/overweight, hypertension, and diabetes. The risk was considered high in subjects with 3 or more of the factors. Univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression were carried out according to their indications. RESULTS Our study sample of 566 participants included 295 soldiers and 271 civilians of the same age group (median age 32 years versus 33 years, respectively; <i>P</i>=.57). The military sample consisted of 31 officers and 264 noncommissioned officers (NCOs). Soldiers were more exposed to behavioral risk factors than civilians, with a prevalence of smoking of 13.9% versus 4.4% (<i>P</i>&lt;.001) and excessive alcohol consumption of 61.7% versus 14.8% (<i>P</i>&lt;.001). They also presented with a higher cardiovascular risk than civilians (odds ratio 2.7, 95% CI 1.50-4.81; <i>P</i>&lt;.001), and among the military participants, the cardiovascular risk was higher for officers than for NCOs (51.6% versus 14.0%, respectively; <i>P</i>&lt;.001). CONCLUSIONS Cameroonian soldiers are particularly exposed to cardiovascular behavioral risk factors and consequently are at higher risk of NCDs. CLINICALTRIAL ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04315441; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04315441

Association of cardiovascular risk factors with markers of endothelial dysfunction in middle-aged men and women

2006 ◽  
Vol 95 (01) ◽  
pp. 134-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Thorand ◽  
Jens Baumert ◽  
Angela Döring ◽  
Andrea Schneider ◽  
Lloyd Chambless ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
High Body Mass Index ◽  
Moderate Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Men And Women

SummaryEndothelial dysfunction plays an important role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases and diabetes mellitus. However, the causes underlying endothelial dysfunction are not fully understood. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate associations of cardiovascular risk factors with soluble adhesion molecules (sE-Selectin, sICAM-1), soluble thrombomodulin (sTM) and von Willebrand factor (vWF) as markers of endothelial dysfunction. The study population consisted of a subcohort of 2,168 men and women aged 35 to 74 years randomly drawn from three cross-sectional population-based MONICA/ KORA Augsburg surveys conducted between 1984 and 1995. In multivariable linear regression analysis, current smoking, high (versus moderate) alcohol consumption, ratio of total cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol (TC/HDL-C) and C-reactive protein (CRP) were significantly associated with elevated levels of sEselectin and sICAM-1. Increased levels of sE-selectin were also found in subjects with actual hypertension, high body mass index and prevalent diabetes mellitus. In addition, low physical activity and no (versus moderate) alcohol consumption were significantly associated with elevated concentrations of sICAM-1. Levels of sTM were higher in subjects with actual hypertension, no or high amounts of alcohol intake and a high ratio of TC/ HDL-C, but were lower in subjects witha history of myocardial infarction. VWF was significantly associated with CRP only. In conclusion, sE-selectin and sICAM-1 are more strongly associated with traditional cardiovascular risk factors than sTM and vWF.

scholarly journals Association of tobacco and alcohol consumption with cardiovascular risk factors among elderly population in India

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 5242
Author(s):  
Umesh Kapil ◽  
Aakriti Gupta ◽  
Ravi Belwal ◽  
Lakshmy Ramakrishnan ◽  
Preetika Khenduja
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Elderly Population

scholarly journals Diabetes and Hypertension among Patients Receiving Antiretroviral Treatment Since 1998 in Senegal: Prevalence and Associated Factors

ISRN AIDS ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Assane Diouf ◽  
Amandine Cournil ◽  
Khadidiatou Ba-Fall ◽  
Ndèye Fatou Ngom-Guèye ◽  
Sabrina Eymard-Duvernay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Antiretroviral Treatment ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Older Age ◽  
World Health ◽  
Resource Constrained ◽  
Hiv Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional

Cardiovascular risk factors in people on antiretroviral treatment (ART) are poorly documented in resource-constrained settings. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2009 to assess prevalence of diabetes and hypertension in a sample of 242 HIV-infected patients who had initiated ART between 1998 and 2002 in Dakar, Senegal (ANRS 1215 observational cohort). World Health Organization (WHO) criteria were applied to diagnose diabetes and hypertension. Multiple logistic regressions were used to identify factors associated with diabetes and hypertension. Patients had a median age of 46 years and had received ART for a median duration of about 9 years. 14.5% had diabetes and 28.1% had hypertension. Long duration of ART (≥119 months), older age, higher body mass index (BMI), and higher levels of total cholesterol were associated with higher risks of diabetes. Older age, higher BMI at ART initiation, and higher levels of triglycerides were associated with higher risk of hypertension. This study shows that diabetes and hypertension were frequent in these Senegalese HIV patients on ART. It confirms the association between duration of ART and diabetes and highlights the need to implement programs for prevention of cardiovascular risk factors in HIV patients from resource-constrained settings.

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of Clinical History, Sociodemographic, Behavioural Factors and Cardiovascular Risk Factors among Hypertensive in Awka, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Chidinma Ifeyinwa Mmaju ◽  
Peter Osezele Okonudo ◽  
Gladys Ahaneku ◽  
Ufoaroh Chinyelu Uchenna
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Marital Status ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Occupational Status ◽  
Clinical History ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
World Health ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background: Hypertension is a major modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and research studies done in Nigeria observed prevalence rate of hypertension to range from 26.4% to 36.9%. Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the sociodemographic, clinical, behavioral and cardiovascular risk factors associated with hypertension in Awka, South East, Nigeria. Methods: Cross-sectional study was used.391 participants aged from 18 years above were recruited for this study. Structured questionnaires were constructed in line with World Health Organization Step approach was utilized for data collection. Hypertension was defined as systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 mmHg and Diastolic blood pressure ≥ 90 mmHg. Chi-square and independent sample T test were used to test comparison between two groups. Results: The mean age of the subjects was 45.87±17. 49.33.7% of retired subjects has the highest prevalence was statistically associated with hypertension in occupational status of the subjects, marital status was statically significant with hypertension and prevalence of hypertension among the subjects were 81.1%, 8.5%, 8.6% for married, single and divorcee respectively, (P<0.001) and also no association was observed between hypertension and subjects that occasionally use high salt often(x2=0.341, P>0.001). Conclusion: The study showed that age, family history of hypertension, consistent increase in blood pressure, occupational and marital status are associated risk factors of hypertension in Awka, South East, Nigeria. There is need to create awareness on the risk factors and encourage changes in sedentary life style.

scholarly journals Alcohol Consumption and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Morbidly Obese Individuals

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Ali ◽  
Imaduddin Mirza ◽  
Chandra Hassan ◽  
Mario Masrur ◽  
Francesco Bianco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Morbidly Obese

scholarly journals Co-occurrence of behavioral risk factors for chronic non-communicable diseases in adolescents: Prevalence and associated factors

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 747-758 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra Silva Dias de OLIVEIRA ◽  
Naiara Ferraz MOREIRA ◽  
Anelise Bezerra de Vasconcelos de MORAES ◽  
Rosangela Alves PEREIRA ◽  
Glória Valeria de VEIGA
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Sedentary Behavior ◽  
Private School ◽  
Behavioral Risk Factors ◽  
Behavioral Risk ◽  
Processed Foods ◽  
School Students ◽  
High Consumption ◽  
Clustering Of Risk Factors

ABSTRACT Objective To examine the prevalence of the behavioral risk factors – both isolated and clustered – for chronic diseases, among adolescents. Additionally, its association with various social and demographic variables was estimated. Methods This was a cross-sectional study conducted on 1,039 high school students, from public and private schools, elected for convenience, in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. A Chi-square test, Mann-Whitney U test, as well as crude and adjusted ordinal logistic regression were used to assess the association between the variables. Results The most frequently observed risk factors were sedentary behavior (68.8%), alcohol consumption (36.8%), and overweight (26.8%). The clustering of risk factors was observed in 67.5% of the students. Being a girl (OR=1.28; 95%CI=1.01–1.63), Caucasian (OR=1.35; 95%CI=1.06–1.72) or private school student (OR=1.46; 95%CI=1.12–1.88) increased the chance of the clustering of risk factors. The co-occurrence of risk factors was predominantly observed in the case of smoking (OR=4.94; 95%CI=1.46–16.75), alcohol consumption (OR=1.43; 95%CI=1.09–1.88), high consumption of ultra-processed foods (OR=1.57; 95%CI=1.19–2.07), and sedentary behavior (OR=1.40; 95%CI=1.07–1.82). Conclusion The co-occurrence of behavioral risk factors was observed to be higher among girls, Caucasian adolescents, and private school students, as well as, among smokers, alcohol users and adolescents with sedentary habits and a high consumption of ultra-processed foods.

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