scholarly journals An Intervention for the Transition From Pediatric or Adolescent to Adult-Oriented HIV Care: Protocol for the Development and Pilot Implementation of iTransition

10.2196/24565 ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. e24565
Author(s):  
Amanda E Tanner ◽  
Nadia Dowshen ◽  
Morgan M Philbin ◽  
Kelly L Rulison ◽  
Andres Camacho-Gonzalez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Cognitive Theory ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Hiv Care ◽  
Phase 2 ◽  
Pilot Implementation ◽  
Youth Living With Hiv ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Implementation Trial

Background In the United States, adolescents and young adults are disproportionately affected by HIV and have poorer HIV-related health outcomes than adults. Health care transition (HCT) from pediatric or adolescent to adult-oriented HIV care is associated with disruptions to youths’ care retention, medication adherence, and viral suppression. However, no evidence-based interventions exist to improve HCT outcomes for youth living with HIV. Objective There are 2 phases of this project. Phase 1 involves the iterative development and usability testing of a Social Cognitive Theory–based mobile health (mHealth) HIV HCT intervention (iTransition). In phase 2, we will conduct a pilot implementation trial to assess iTransition’s feasibility and acceptability and to establish preliminary efficacy among youth and provider participants. Methods The iterative phase 1 development process will involve in-person and virtual meetings and a design team comprising youth living with HIV and health care providers. The design team will both inform the content and provide feedback on the look, feel, and process of the iTransition intervention. In phase 2, we will recruit 100 transition-eligible youth across two clinical sites in Atlanta, Georgia, and Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, to participate in the historical control group (n=50; data collection only) or the intervention group (n=50) in a pilot implementation trial. We will also recruit 28 provider participants across the pediatric or adolescent and adult clinics at the two sites. Data collection will include electronic medical chart abstraction for clinical outcomes as well as surveys and interviews related to demographic and behavioral characteristics; Social Cognitive Theory constructs; and intervention feasibility, acceptability, and use. Analyses will compare historical control and intervention groups in terms of HCT outcomes, including adult care linkage (primary), care retention, and viral suppression (secondary). Interview data will be analyzed using content analysis to understand the experience with use and acceptability. Results Phase 1 (development) of iTransition research activities began in November 2019 and is ongoing. The data collection for the phase 2 pilot implementation trial is expected to be completed in January 2023. Final results are anticipated in summer 2023. Conclusions The development and pilot implementation trial of the iTransition intervention will fill an important gap in understanding the role of mHealth interventions to support HCT outcomes for youth living with HIV. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/24565

scholarly journals Supporting youth living with HIV during the transition from pediatric/adolescent- to adult-oriented HIV care: Protocol for development and pilot implementation of iTransition (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda E. Tanner ◽  
Nadia Dowshen ◽  
Morgan M Philbin ◽  
Kelly L Rulison ◽  
Andres Camacho-Gonzalez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Care Transition ◽  
Phase 2 ◽  
Health Care Transition ◽  
Transition Outcomes ◽  
Pilot Implementation ◽  
Youth Living With Hiv ◽  
Living With Hiv

BACKGROUND In the United States, adolescents and young adults are disproportionately affected by HIV and have poorer HIV-related health outcomes than adults. Health care transition from pediatric/adolescent- to adult-oriented HIV care is associated with disruptions to youths’ care retention, medication adherence, and viral suppression. Yet, no evidence-based interventions exist to improve health care transition outcomes for youth living with HIV. OBJECTIVE There are two phases of this project. Phase 1 involves the iterative development and usability testing of a Social Cognitive Theory-based mHealth (mobile health) HIV health care transition intervention (iTransition). In Phase 2, we will conduct a pilot implementation trial to assess iTransition’s feasibility and acceptability as well as to establish preliminary efficacy among youth and provider participants. METHODS The iterative Phase 1 development process will involve in-person and virtual meetings a Design Team comprised of youth living with HIV and clinic providers. The Design Team will both inform content and provide feedback on the look, feel, and process of the iTransition intervention. In Phase 2, we will recruit 100 transition-eligible youth across two clinical sites in Atlanta, GA and Philadelphia, PA to participate in the historical control group (n=50; data collection only) or the intervention group (n=50) in a pilot implementation trial. We will also recruit 28 provider participants across the pediatric/adolescent and adult clinics in the two sites. Data collection will include, electronic medical chart abstraction for clinical outcomes, and surveys and interviews related to demographic and behavioral characteristics, Social Cognitive Theory constructs, and intervention feasibility, acceptability, and usage. Analyses will compare historical control and intervention groups in terms of health care transition outcomes, including adult care linkage [primary] and care retention and viral suppression [secondary]. RESULTS Phase 1 participant recruitment began in November 2019. Phase 2 data collection is anticipated to end in August 2022. CONCLUSIONS The development and pilot trial of the iTransition intervention will fill an important gap in understanding the role of mHealth interventions to support health care transition outcomes for youth living with HIV. CLINICALTRIAL ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT04383223; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04383223

scholarly journals AN ASSESSMENT OF CHALLENGES INFLUENCING ACCESS TO COMPREHENSIVE HIV CARE AMONG ADOLESCENTS AND YOUTH AGED 15-24 YEARS AT NAKURU COUNTY REFERRAL HOSPITAL IN KENYA

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 13-47
Author(s):  
Chirchir Matthew Kimeli ◽  
Eddah Cheruiyot ◽  
James Waweru ◽  
Richard Sumukwo ◽  
Nanyorri Nalama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Theory ◽  
Psychosocial Support ◽  
Peer Pressure ◽  
Hospital Management ◽  
Referral Hospital ◽  
Poor Adherence ◽  
Hiv Care ◽  
Youth Living With Hiv ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Aids

Purpose: Adolescents and youth living with HIV/AIDs experience numerous challenges and support needs, some of which occur in school and affect their quality of life. Several reasons have been advanced to explain this trend includes; stigma, peer pressure and discrimination. However, little focus has been made on socio-cultural, socioeconomic and clinical challenges facing Adolescents and Youth Living with HIV/AIDS (AYLHIV). The objective of this study was to assess the challenges influencing access to comprehensive HIV care among adolescents and youth aged 15-24 years at Nakuru county referral hospital in Kenya.Methodology: Adopting social cognitive theory, a descriptive survey research design was used. Purposive and proportionate random sampling techniques were used to obtain a sample size of 47 AYLHIV. Questionnaires and focused group discussions were used to collect data from AYLHIV; while Interview schedules were to collect data from counsellors in November 2019. Data were analyzed by the use of descriptive statistics in January 2020.Findings: The study concludes that the main socio-cultural challenges faced by AYLWA at County Referral Hospitals are stigma and frequent change of caregivers resulting in poor adherence to ARV medications. Moreover, no major socio-economic challenges were affecting AYLWA at the health facilities. Further, the main clinical challenges facing AYLWA were poor adherence and low viral suppression.Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The study recommends the need to offer and strengthen psychosocial support to AYLWA to enable them to cope with their status and educate the caregivers on the importance of the AYLWA having a consistent caregiver for continuity. The hospital management should avail more trained adherence counsellors for this role. Moreover, the hospital management needs to strengthen the Youth Friendly HIV services to improve responsiveness to the youth needs. This will enhance peer support.

scholarly journals Group versus individual antenatal and first year postpartum care: Study protocol for a multi-country cluster randomized controlled trial in Kenya and Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark M. Kabue ◽  
Lindsay Grenier ◽  
Stephanie Suhowatsky ◽  
Jaiyeola Oyetunji ◽  
Emmanuel Ugwa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
First Year ◽  
Phase 2 ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Cluster Randomized

Background: Antenatal care (ANC) in many low- and middle-income countries is under-utilized and of sub-optimal quality. Group ANC (G-ANC) is an intervention designed to improve the experience and provision of ANC for groups of women (cohorts) at similar stages of pregnancy. Methods: A two-arm, two-phase, cluster randomized controlled trial (cRCT) (non-blinded) is being conducted in Kenya and Nigeria. Public health facilities were matched and randomized to either standard individual ANC (control) or G-ANC (intervention) prior to enrollment. Participants include pregnant women attending first ANC at gestational age <24 weeks, health care providers, and sub-national health managers. Enrollment ended in June 2017 for both countries. In the intervention arm, pregnant women are assigned to cohorts at first ANC visit and receive subsequent care together during five meetings facilitated by a health care provider (Phase 1). After birth, the same cohorts meet four times over 12 months with their babies (Phase 2). Data collection was performed through surveys, clinical data extraction, focus group discussions, and in-depth interviews. Phase 1 data collection ended in January 2018 and Phase 2 concludes in November 2018. Intention-to-treat analysis will be used to evaluate primary outcomes for Phases 1 and 2: health facility delivery and use of a modern method of family planning at 12 months postpartum, respectively. Data analysis and reporting of results will be consistent with norms for cRCTs. General estimating equation models that account for clustering will be employed for primary outcome analyzes. Results: Overall 1,075 and 1,013 pregnant women were enrolled in Nigeria and Kenya, respectively. Final study results will be available in February 2019. Conclusions: This is the first cRCT on G-ANC in Africa. It is among the first to examine the effects of continuing group care through the first year postpartum. Registration: Pan African Clinical Trials Registry PACTR201706002254227 May 02, 2017

Motivational Interviewing and the Adolescent/Young Adult HIV Care Continuum

2019 ◽  
pp. 37-46
Author(s):  
Sylvie Naar ◽  
Maurice Bulls
Keyword(s):  
Young Adult ◽  
Motivational Interviewing ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Hiv Care ◽  
Behavior Changes ◽  
Hiv Care Continuum ◽  
Care Continuum ◽  
Future Direction ◽  
Youth Living With Hiv ◽  
Living With Hiv

This chapter explores the HIV care continuum specifically with youth living with HIV (YLH). The authors review relevant HIV statistics, including the trends in YLH. The authors then examine the fit of motivational interviewing (MI) with adolescent development, arguing that it is an excellent strategy to include in promoting self-management of HIV. Multiple examples are also provided for programs and interventions using MI with youth. This chapter provides specific details on how MI can be leveraged in working with YLH, although many of these insights can generalize to adult populations. In the final section, the authors examine the future direction of MI in the care of YLH. They argue that once MI has helped to motivate YLH toward change, the substitution for or addition of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) may be warranted. In this way, the more action-oriented strategies of CBT strengthen the behavior changes that MI has helped to put in motion.

scholarly journals Metaperception of personality in schizophrenia

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 204380871984091
Author(s):  
Amy E. Pinkham ◽  
Jonathon R. Shasteen ◽  
Robert A. Ackerman
Keyword(s):  
Big Five ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Mental Representations ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
The Self ◽  
Phase 2 ◽  
Tracking Accuracy ◽  
Distinct Component ◽  
Directional Bias ◽  
The Social

Individuals with schizophrenia (SCZ) form less accurate mental representations of the self and others, which contributes to social dysfunction. It remains unclear, however, whether such deficits extend to metaperception (MP), the ability to understand how others view one’s own personality. In Phase 1 of this study, 30 individuals with SCZ and 30 healthy controls (HCs) had a videotaped conversation with an experimenter and then completed a Big Five trait questionnaire, with the goal of predicting how strangers who view their videos would rate them on the five personality traits. In Phase 2, separate participants watched the videos and rated targets’ personalities. These ratings served as “The Truth” to which Phase 1 MPs were compared for Tracking Accuracy (i.e., extent to which The Truth predicts MPs) and Directional Bias (i.e., extent to which MPs overestimate or underestimate the truth). Tracking Accuracy was weaker in SCZ than in HC for Openness, Conscientiousness, and Agreeableness. Moreover, Tracking Accuracy and Directional Bias of MPs in SCZ were unrelated to mentalizing abilities and clinical insight. Our results suggest that the capacity to understand how others view one’s own personality is impaired in SCZ and may be a distinct component of the social cognitive system.

scholarly journals Connecting Youth and Young Adults to Optimize Antiretroviral Therapy Adherence (YouTHrive): Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial

10.2196/11502 ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. e11502 ◽  
Author(s):  
K J Horvath ◽  
R F MacLehose ◽  
A Martinka ◽  
J DeWitt ◽  
L Hightow-Weidman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Art Adherence ◽  
Phase 2 ◽  
Phase 3 ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Adherence Intervention ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Beta Testing ◽  
Us Cities

Background Despite intensive efforts to engage people living with HIV in the United States, less than half of the youth aged 13 to 24 years achieve viral suppression. There is a clear and continued need for innovative behavioral programs that support optimizing adherence among young persons with HIV. Objective There are 3 phases of this project. Phase 1 involves conducting focus groups to obtain feedback from youth about an existing technology-based antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence intervention. Phase 2 will be used to conduct beta testing with youth to refine and finalize the YouTHrive (YT) intervention. Phase 3 is a randomized controlled trial (RCT) to test the efficacy of the YT intervention among youth living with HIV (YLWH). Methods In phase 1, we will conduct 6 focus groups with approximately 8 youths (aged 15-19 years) and young adults (aged 20-24 years), each in 3 US cities to obtain (1) feedback from YLWH about the look and feel and content of an existing adult-focused Web-based ART adherence intervention and (2) suggestions for adapting the intervention for YLWH similar to themselves. Phase 2 will involve updating the existing intervention to include features and functionality recommended by YLWH in phase 1; it will conclude with beta testing with 12 participants to gain feedback on the overall design and ensure proper functionality and ease of navigation. For phase 3, we will enroll 300 YLWH in 6 US cities (Atlanta, Chicago, Houston, New York City, Philadelphia, and Tampa) into a 2-arm prospective RCT. Participants will be randomized 1:1 to YT intervention or control group. The randomization sequence will be stratified by city and use random permuted blocks of sizes 2 and 4. Participants randomized to the control condition will view a weekly email newsletter on topics related to HIV, with the exception of ART adherence, for 5 months. Participants randomized to the YT intervention condition will be given access to the YT site for 5 months. Study assessments will occur at enrollment and 5, 8, and 11 months post enrollment. The primary outcome that will be assessed is sustained viral load (VL), defined as the proportion of participants in each study arm who have suppressed VL at both the 5- and 11-month assessment; the secondary outcome that will be assessed is suppressed VL at both the 5- and 11-month assessment between drug-using and nondrug-using participants assigned to the YT intervention arm. Results Participant recruitment began in May 2017 for phase 1 of the study. The data collection for aim 3 is anticipated to end in April 2020. Conclusions The efficacy trial of the YT intervention will help to fill gaps in understanding the efficacy of mobile interventions to improve ART adherence among at-risk populations. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03149757; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03149757 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/73pw57Cf1) International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/11502

scholarly journals Mathematical Representations in Magazine Advertisements: Have the Messages Changed in a Decade?

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 136-165
Author(s):  
Jennifer Hall
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Phase I ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Popular Media ◽  
Phase 2 ◽  
Negative Stereotypes ◽  
Mathematical Representations ◽  
Initial Frequency ◽  
Popular Magazines ◽  
Two Phases

Although people's ideas about mathematics and mathematicians often develop from their school and home experiences, such ideas also are influenced by interactions with popular media. In this article, I report on findings from a study in which I analyzed magazine advertisements for representations of mathematics and mathematicians. Data collection took place in two phases, approximately a decade apart. In each phase, I reviewed a year’s worth of issues in each of six diverse, popular magazines for mathematical representations in advertisements. The frequency of mathematical advertisements decreased from Phase 1 to Phase 2, but the initial frequency was already extremely low, indicating mathematics’ invisibility in popular media. This lack of representation may be due to mathematics not being seen as a “cool” way to sell a product or service since mathematics is linked to many negative stereotypes. The representations were similar in the two phases, with mathematics often depicted in stereotypical ways, such as being difficult or stressful. People rarely featured in the mathematical advertisements, which serves to further dehumanize mathematics. Generally, the findings were consistent with those from studies of other popular media, such as movies and books.

Antisocial Sport Behaviors Survey: Instrument Development and Initial Validation

2015 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 164-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miranda P. Kaye ◽  
Sharleen Hoar
Keyword(s):  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Cognitive Theory ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Classical Test Theory ◽  
Test Theory ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Interpersonal Theory ◽  
Competitive Sport ◽  
Moral Thought ◽  
New Instrument

The development of a self-report instrument to measure antisocial sport behavior, labeled the Antisocial Sport Behavior Survey (ASBS), among large and diverse samples of athletes is reported. Grounded in the social cognitive theory of moral thought and action (Bandura, 1991) and interpersonal theory (Horowitz, 2004), this instrument was developed and tested in accordance with the traditions of construct validity and classical test theory (Gehlback & Brinkworth, 2011). In Phase 1, 272 college-aged competitive sport participants confirmed a theoretical structure of antisocial sport behavior including eight factors (hypercompetitive, intimidating, antagonistic, disrespectful, exploitable, overly accommodating, abetting, and melodramatic). Phase 2 reports on item development and the response structure of the instrument. In Phase 3, evidence of structural validity and external validity for the ASBS was established with 340 college-aged competitive sport participants. The ASBS presents as a promising new instrument to advance understanding of antisocial sport behavior acts committed by competitive athletes.

Modeling leadership and team performance

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 471-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chieh-Peng Lin ◽  
Chu-Chun Wang ◽  
Shih-Chih Chen ◽  
Jui-Yu Chen
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Collective Efficacy ◽  
Social Exchange ◽  
Team Performance ◽  
Social Exchange Theory ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Cognitive Theory ◽  
Charismatic Leadership ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Wave Data

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to develop a research model that explains team performance based on social cognitive theory and social exchange theory. In the model, team performance indirectly relates to three kinds of leadership (i.e., charismatic, autocratic and considerate) via the full mediation of collective efficacy. At the same time, team justice as a focus in this study is examined as a moderator in the model. Design/methodology/approach The research hypotheses of this study were empirically tested using two-wave data collection across insurance sales teams from a leading bank holding company which is the largest bank holding company in Taiwan. In the first-wave data collection, researchers of this study surveyed six people anonymously from each sales team, including a team leader and five team members. Three months later, the researchers conducted the second-wave data collection by obtaining team performance data from the department of human resource management, which was an independent rater for each team’s performance. Two-wave data collection from 59 teams was achieved for verifying the hypothesized effects. Findings The team-level test results show that collective efficacy fully mediates the relationship between charismatic leadership and team performance and between considerate leadership and team performance. Justice moderates the relationship between collective efficacy and team performance and between charismatic leadership and collective efficacy. Originality/value This study has two major theoretical implications. First, this study conceptualized three distinct kinds of leadership as major determinants of team performance from a social exchange perspective. Such a theoretical conceptualization of leadership not only broadens the boundary of leadership beyond traditional one such as transactional leadership based on the theory of contingent reward but also closely reflects the practical status quo of leadership of teams. Second, this research incorporated social exchange theory into the framework of team performance in social cognitive theory. Specifically, this study theorized and validated justice as a moderator in the development of team performance.

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