Influence of factors relating to sex and gender on rank list decisions and perceptions of residency training: A follow-up survey of current EM residents (Preprint)

People with opioid use disorder (OUD) are vulnerable to negative health outcomes related to substance use and psychosocial issues, such as interpersonal trauma (IPT). Participants receiving buprenorphine completed a cross-sectional survey (July–September 2019). OUD outcomes were prospectively abstracted over a 28-week timeframe. More than a third reported recent IPT (40% women, 36% men). Sexual violence was more common among women than men ( p = .02). For women only, IPT was associated with substance use during follow-up (β = 20.72, 95% CI: 4.24, 37.21). It is important for public health strategies in the opioid crisis to address IPT using sex- and gender-informed approaches.

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Cohort profile: follow-up of a Berlin Aging Study II (BASE-II) subsample as part of the GendAge study

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2020-045576 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. e045576

Author(s):

Ilja Demuth ◽

Verena Banszerus ◽

Johanna Drewelies ◽

Sandra Düzel ◽

Ute Seeland ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gender Differences ◽

Left Ventricular ◽

Left Ventricular Ejection ◽

Sex And Gender ◽

Ventricular Ejection Fraction ◽

Intermediate Phenotypes ◽

Aging Study ◽

And Gender ◽

Sex And Gender Differences

PurposeThe study ‘Sex- and gender-sensitive prevention of cardiovascular and metabolic disease in older adults in Germany’, the GendAge study, focuses on major risk factors for cardiovascular and metabolic diseases and on the development of major outcomes from intermediate phenotypes in the context of sex and gender differences. It is based on a follow-up examination of a subsample (older group) of the Berlin Aging Study II (BASE-II).ParticipantsThe GendAge study assessments took place between 22 June 2018 and 10 March 2020. A total of 1100 participants (older BASE-II subsample, aged ≥65 years) with baseline data assessed at least by one of the BASE-II partner sites were investigated in the follow-up. These participants had a mean age of 75.6 years (SD ±3.8), with a mean follow-up at 7.4 years (SD ±1.5).Findings to dateData from different domains such as internal medicine, geriatrics, immunology and psychology were collected, with a focus on cardiometabolic diseases and in the context of sex and gender differences. Diabetes mellitus type 2 was reported by 15.6% and 8.6% of men and women, respectively. In contrast, this disease was diagnosed in 20.7% of men and 13.3% of women, indicating that a substantial proportion of almost 30% was unaware of the disease. Echocardiography revealed that left ventricular ejection fraction was higher in women than in men, in agreement with previous reports.Future plansA gender questionnaire assessing sociocultural aspects implemented as part of the follow-up described here will allow to calculate a gender score and its evaluation based on the newly collected data. At the same time, the other BASE-II research foci established over the past 10 years will be continued and strengthened by the BASE-II transition into a longitudinal study with follow-up data on the older subsample.Trial registration numberDRKS00016157.

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Sex- and Gender-specific Risk Factors of Post-COVID-19 Syndrome: A Population-based Cohort Study in Switzerland

10.1101/2021.06.30.21259757 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Caroline E Gebhard ◽

Claudia Suetsch ◽

Susan Bengs ◽

Manja Deforth ◽

Karl Philipp Buehler ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Sex And Gender ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

Feminine Gender ◽

Specific Risk ◽

And Gender ◽

Gender Specific

Background: Evidence to date indicates that mortality of acute coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is higher in men than in women. Conversely, women seem more likely to suffer from long-term consequences of the disease and pronounced negative social and economic impacts. Sex- and gender-specific risk factors of COVID-19-related long-term effects are unknown. Methods: We conducted a multicentre prospective observational cohort study of 5838 (44.6% women) individuals in Switzerland who were tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA between February and December 2020. Of all surviving individuals who met the inclusion criteria, 2799 (1285 [45.9%] women) completed a follow-up questionnaire. Findings: After a mean follow-up time of 197±77 days, women more often reported at least one persistent symptom (43.0% vs 31.5%, p<0.001) with reduced exercise tolerance and reduced resilience being the most frequently reported symptom in both sexes. Critical illness (intermediate or intensive care unit admission) during acute SARS-CoV-2 infection (odds ratio[95%CI]: 4.00[2.66-6.02], p<0.0001 was a risk factor of post-COVID-19 syndrome in both women and men. Women with pre-existing mental illness (1.81[1.00-3.26], p=0.049), cardiovascular risk factors (1.39[1.03-1.89], p=0.033), higher self-reported domestic stress levels (1.15[1.08-1.22], p<0.0001), and feminine gender identity (1.12[1.02-1.24], p=0.02) increased the odds of experiencing post-COVID syndrome. Conversely, obesity (1.44[1.03-2.02], p=0.034) increased the odds of post-COVID-19 syndrome in men, but not in women. Being responsible for household work (men, OR 0.82[0.69-0.97], p=0.021), taking care of children/relatives (women, 0.90[0.84-0.96], p=0.002) or being pregnant at the time of acute COVID-19 illness (OR 0.48[0.23-1.01], p=0.054) was associated with lower odds of post-COVID syndrome. Interpretation: Predictors of post-COVID syndrome differ between men and women. Our data reinforce the importance to include sex and gender to identify patients at risk for post-COVID syndrome so that access to care and early intervention can be tailored to their different needs.

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Sex and gender differences in stroke—The need for individualised follow‐up

European Journal of Neurology ◽

10.1111/ene.14619 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Else Charlotte Sandset ◽

Maria Teresa Ferretti

Keyword(s):

Gender Differences ◽

Sex And Gender ◽

And Gender ◽

Sex And Gender Differences

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Specific sex and gender factors of pericarditis in women

European Heart Journal ◽

10.1093/ehjci/ehaa946.3176 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽

Author(s):

P.L Cepas Guillen ◽

G Martinez-Nadal ◽

M Izquierdo ◽

A Aldea ◽

A Matas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Autoimmune Disease ◽

Systemic Disease ◽

Univariate Analysis ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Immunosuppressive Treatment ◽

Sex And Gender ◽

Acute Pericarditis ◽

And Gender ◽

Diagnosis Criteria

Abstract Introduction Pericarditis is relatively common in clinical practice and may present as an isolated disease or as a manifestation of a systemic disease. There is an important sex-gap in the evidence on cardiovascular diseases, whereas it is unclear if there are sex-specific differences in the features of patients with acute pericarditis (AP). Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of specific sex and gender factors of pericarditis in women. Material and methods We retrospectively included all consecutive patients admitted with acute pericarditis (AP) in an emergency department (ED) of a tertiary care center between 2008 and 2018. Patients without acute pericarditis diagnosis criteria were excluded. We collected patients' baseline characteristics and management data. Recurrence and complicated related to AP at 30-days and 1-year follow-up were assessed. Results A total of 729 patients (mean age 42±17.2 years, 33% females) were analyzed. Women were older than men (47.5 yo vs 40 yo, P<0.001). Univariate analysis showed that women presented more prevalence of obesity (11% vs 5%, P<0.01) and chronic kidney disease (6% vs 3%, P<0.05) with previous autoimmune disease (15% vs 3%, P<0.001), and previous immunosuppressive treatment more frequent (15% vs 7%, P<0.01). Women presented more delayed time between beginnings of symptoms until first medical attendance (70 min vs 41 min, P<0.01). No difference was found either echocardiography findings or blood test values. Autoimmune AP was more prevalent in women than men (9% vs 1%, P<0.001). Hence, corticosteroids treatment was more used in women (12% vs 4,5%, P<0.001). In multivariate analysis, six factors were found as specific gender factors of pericarditis in women: Age (OR: 1.02, 95% CI: 1.01–13.2, P<0.01), obesity (OR: 2.27, 95% CI: 1.15–4.49; P<0,05), smoker (OR: 0.39, 95% CI: 0.25–0.59, P<0.001), previous autoimmune disease (OR: 4,29, 95% CI: 1,77–13,21; P<0,01); electrocardiogram diagnosis criteria (OR: 0,18, 95% CI: 0,6–0,52; P<0,001); Autoimmune etiology (adjusted OR: 11,78, 95% CI: 1,99–69,64; P<0,01). No difference was found in recurrence of AP in 30-days and 1-year follow-up (12% vs 13%, P>0.05; 14% vs 13%. P>0.05; respectively). Conclusion In our cohort, women with AP attended ED later than men and were less likely to present with typical AP changes in the electrocardiogram. Moreover, women are more commonly affected by specific forms of pericarditis related to autoimmune disease. However, follow-up did not show differences related to gender. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: None

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Cohort Profile Update: GendAge and Berlin Aging Study II (BASE-II)

10.1101/2020.09.05.20187898 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Ilja Demuth ◽

Verena Banszerus ◽

Johanna Drewelies ◽

Sandra Duezel ◽

Ute Seeland ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Diseases ◽

Sex And Gender ◽

Biological Sex ◽

Intermediate Phenotypes ◽

Aging Study ◽

Gender Characteristics ◽

And Gender ◽

Adult Volunteers ◽

Sex And Gender Differences

The study Sex- and gender-sensitive prevention of cardiovascular and metabolic disease in older adults in Germany, the GendAge study, focusses on major risk factors for cardiovascular and metabolic diseases and on the development of major outcomes from intermediate phenotypes in the context of biological sex and gender differences. It is based on a re-investigation of participants of the Berlin Aging Study II (BASE-II). The Berlin Aging Study II (BASE-II) is aiming at identifying factors that distinguish healthy from unhealthy ageing and completed baseline assessments in 2,200 adult volunteers (1,600 participants aged 60-80 years and 600 participants aged 20-35 years) in 2014. The BASE-II follow-up assessments of 1,100 men and women aged 65-94 years in 2018-2020 were part of GendAge. In addition to re-assessing most baseline measures (geriatrics, internal medicine, immunology and psychology) we implemented a comprehensive gender questionnaire covering socio-cultural gender characteristics and added high-quality echocardiography.

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