scholarly journals An Intervention for Changing Sedentary Behavior Among African Americans With Multiple Sclerosis: Protocol (Preprint)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica F Baird ◽  
Jeffer Eidi Sasaki ◽  
Brian M Sandroff ◽  
Gary Cutter ◽  
Robert W Motl
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Sedentary Behavior ◽  
Physical Disability ◽  
Text Messaging ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Behavioral Coaching ◽  
Pilot Intervention

BACKGROUND Sedentary behavior is a major concern among patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), as it may accelerate disease progression and exacerbate physical disability. This is especially concerning among African Americans, a segment of the MS population who present with greater neurological disability and higher odds of physical comorbidities than their Caucasian counterparts. OBJECTIVE To date, researchers have not proposed interventions that focus on changing sedentary behavior in African Americans with MS. METHODS This paper describes a pilot study that examines the feasibility and efficacy of using text messaging along with theory-driven newsletters and behavioral coaching for changing sedentary behavior in African Americans with MS. We herein present the methods, procedures, and outcomes for our ongoing study. RESULTS Enrollment began in February 2018 and is expected to conclude in April 2019. Study results will be reported in the fall of 2019. CONCLUSIONS After completion of this pilot intervention, we will summarize our study results in manuscripts for publication in peer-reviewed journals that will provide critical information on the feasibility and efficacy of our strategy. These results will inform future studies and, potentially, larger interventions for remotely reducing sedentary behavior in African Americans with MS. CLINICALTRIAL ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03671499; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03671499 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/77MZnxyNy)

scholarly journals Feasibility of “Sit Less, Move More”: An intervention for reducing sedentary behavior Among African Americans with MS

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 205521732093234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica F. Baird ◽  
Jeffer E. Sasaki ◽  
Brian M. Sandroff ◽  
Gary R. Cutter ◽  
Robert W. Motl
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Sedentary Behavior ◽  
Physical Disability ◽  
Text Messaging ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Feasibility Trial ◽  
Behavioral Coaching ◽  
Consent Document ◽  
Informed Consent Document

Background Sedentary behavior is a major concern in multiple sclerosis, as it may accelerate disease progression and physical disability. This is especially concerning in African Americans, who present with greater neurological disability than Caucasians. Objective We conducted a feasibility trial on an intervention targeting sedentary behavior in African Americans with multiple sclerosis. Methods We examined the feasibility of the Sit Less, Move More program, a 12-week behavioral intervention that used text messaging along with theory-driven newsletters and behavioral coaching for managing sedentary behavior. We recruited ambulatory, inactive, African Americans with multiple sclerosis, and assessed feasibility on process, resource, management, and scientific outcomes. Results Of the 64 people initially contacted, 45 were assessed for eligibility, 31 were sent the informed consent document, and 30 returned a signed document and were included in the study. Study costs were US$7242.38. Personnel time to complete the study was 130 h. There was a small effect on both device-measured ( d = −0.19) and self-reported ( d = −0.39) sedentary behavior. Conclusions The Sit Less, Move More intervention is safe and feasible for African Americans with multiple sclerosis, and yielded a small reduction in sedentary behavior. The intervention was low cost and well received. Our results suggest the Sit Less, Move More program should progress towards a Phase II trial to determine its efficacy.

scholarly journals An Intervention for Changing Sedentary Behavior Among African Americans With Multiple Sclerosis: Protocol

10.2196/12973 ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. e12973
Author(s):  
Jessica F Baird ◽  
Jeffer Eidi Sasaki ◽  
Brian M Sandroff ◽  
Gary Cutter ◽  
Robert W Motl
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Sedentary Behavior

scholarly journals Feasibility of a Texting Intervention to Improve Medication Adherence Among Older HIV+ African Americans: A Mixed-Method Pilot Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 233372141985566 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta E. Pagan-Ortiz ◽  
Paul Goulet ◽  
Laura Kogelman ◽  
Sue E. Levkoff ◽  
Patricia Flynn Weitzman
Keyword(s):  
Medication Adherence ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Mixed Method ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Text Messaging ◽  
The United States ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Art Adherence ◽  
Older African Americans

Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is the primary treatment for HIV, and adherence to it is crucial to addressing health disparities. Approximately half of individuals in the United States living with HIV are African Americans, and those over 45 years of age are more likely to die early from HIV/AIDS than their White counterparts. This mixed-method pilot study evaluated the feasibility of a text-based mobile phone intervention designed to improve ART adherence among older African Americans with HIV. Feasibility was assessed via implementation, participant adherence, acceptability, and satisfaction, as well as short-term impact on medication adherence, adherence-related self-efficacy, and positive affect. The intervention utilized pill reminder, motivational, and health educational texts. Participants ( N = 21) ranged in age from 50 to 68 years. Outcomes were evaluated via quantitative results from self-report measures and qualitative data from four focus groups. There was no attrition in participation. After 8 weeks, participants reported statistically significant improvements in medication adherence, but not in self-efficacy or affect scores. Qualitative findings highlight the psychologically supportive potential of the intervention, challenges to adherence, as well as suggestions for improvement. The study demonstrates that a text messaging intervention may be feasible for older African Americans with HIV, and helpful in supporting ART adherence.

ASSOCIATION BETWEEN PATHOLOGICAL PERSONALITY TRAITS AND DEFENSE MECHANISMS IN HEALTHY SAMPLE: A PILOT STUDY RESULTS

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 72-83
Author(s):  
Igors Ivzāns ◽  
Sandra Mihailova
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Healthy Sample ◽  
Reaction Formation ◽  
Pathological Personality Traits ◽  
Domain Level

This article aims to define what kind of relationship exists between pathological traits and defense mechanisms. Primary data, collected from 14th until 30th of March in 2017, was used in this research. Thirty participants (57 % males) in the age of early adultness (from 25 to 39 years, M = 29.9, SD = 3.33) filled in two questionnaires: The Multidimensional Clinical Personality Inventory (Perepjolkina, Koļesņikova, Mārtinsone, & Stepens, 2017) and Defense mechanisms questionnaire (Subbotina, 2017). Six of eight analyzed defense mechanisms (repression, regression, rationalization, displacement, denial and psychological projection) showed statistically significant correlation with at least one pathological personality trait both on facet and on domain level. Some weak (p > .05) correlations were found between some personality traits and two left defense mechanisms: reaction formation and sublimation. Most of correlations were with neurotic defenses according to Vaillant (1992) classification, in particular with repression and displacement. All together 26 traits correlated with neurotic defenses. With other defenses, just a few traits correlated – three traits with mature defenses, two traits with immature defenses and two with psychotic defenses. Received results need to be validated in the future studies and may be useful for clinical psychologists for better understanding of their clients.

Acceptability of Assisted Suicide in Patients With Severe and Persistent Mental Illness

GeroPsych ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Sophie Gloeckler ◽  
Manuel Trachsel
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Psychiatric Diagnosis ◽  
Assisted Suicide ◽  
Shared Values ◽  
Psychiatric Nurses ◽  
Attitudes And Beliefs ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Persistent Mental Illness ◽  
Moral Attitudes

Abstract. In Switzerland, assisted suicide (AS) may be granted on the basis of a psychiatric diagnosis. This pilot study explored the moral attitudes and beliefs of nurses regarding these practices through a quantitative survey of 38 psychiatric nurses. The pilot study, which serves to inform hypothesis development and future studies, showed that participating nurses supported AS and valued the reduction of suffering in patients with severe persistent mental illness. Findings were compared with those from a previously published study presenting the same questions to psychiatrists. The key differences between nurses’ responses and psychiatrists’ may reflect differences in the burden of responsibility, while similarities might capture shared values worth considering when determining treatment efforts. More information is needed to determine whether these initial findings represent nurses’ views more broadly.

Pilot intervention to promote tolerance for uncertainty in early multiple sclerosis.

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 339-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan R. Molton ◽  
Emily Koelmel ◽  
Mary Curran ◽  
Gloria von Geldern ◽  
Anne Ordway ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Pilot Intervention

URGENSI AUDIT JUDGEMENT PADA POST CLEARANCE AUDIT

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Masruri Muchtar ◽  
Prasetya Utama
Keyword(s):  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Experience Level ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Ordinary Least Square ◽  
Audit Judgment ◽  
Depth Interview ◽  
Study Results

ABSTRACT:The auditor should have eminence audit judgment to support their assignment This research aims to provide empirical evidence that self-efficacy, experience, level of education, and skepticism have an impact on audit judgment. The population are auditors who had carried out post-clearance audit assignments. This research uses a quantitative approach by testing the theories and hypotheses that have been prepared. Ordinary least square (OLS) linear regression as an analytical model is used in this study. Results show that experience and education level have no impact on audit judgment, whereas self-efficacy and skepticism have a positive and significant impact on audit judgment. Efforts to improve self-efficacy and auditor skepticism are urgently needed. The coefficient of determination describes the variation of variables of self-efficacy, experience, level of education, and skepticism able to explain the variation of audit judgment variables by 51%. The remaining 49% is explained by other variables not involved in this study. Future studies may enhance with other variables and employ in-depth interview methods.Keywords: audit judgment, experience, level of education, post-clearance audit, self-efficacy, skepticism, post-clearance audit ABSTRAK:Auditor seyogyanya memiliki kemampuan audit judgment yang berkualitas guna mendukung penugasannya. Tujuan penelitian adalah memberikan bukti empiris bahwa efikasi diri, pengalaman, tingkat pendidikan, dan skeptisisme memiliki pengaruh terhadap audit judgement. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah auditor Direktorat Jenderal Bea dan Cukai (DJBC) yang pernah melakukan post clearance audit. Ini merupakan pendekatan kuantitatif yang menguji teori serta hipotesis yang telah disusun. Riset ini menggunakan regresi linear ordinary least square (OLS) sebagai model analisis. Hasil studi memperlihatkan pengalaman dan tingkat pendidikan tidak berpengaruh pada audit judgement, namun efikasi diri dan skeptisisme berpengaruh signifikan pada audit judgement. Implikasinya DJBC perlu memberikan perhatian khusus terhadap berbagai upaya dalam peningkatan efikasi diri dan skeptisisme auditor. Tulisan ini adalah pengembangan beberapa penelitian sebelumnya namun dalam konteks pengujian untuk jenis audit ketaatan. Nilai koefisien determinasi menggambarkan variasi variabel efikasi diri, pengalaman, tingkat pendidikan, dan skeptisisme dapat menjelaskan variasi variabel audit judgement sebesar 51%. Sisanya sebesar 49% dijelaskan oleh variabel lainnya yang tidak diujikan dalam tulisan ini. Dengan adanya keterbatasan waktu pada penelitian ini diharapkan mendorong penelitian berikutnya untuk dapat menyertakan beberapa variabel lain yang relevan dan melengkapinya dengan metode in-depth interview.Kata Kunci: bea dan cukai, efikasi diri, pengalaman, skeptisisme, tingkat pendidikan

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