scholarly journals Measuring Criterion Validity of Microinteraction Ecological Momentary Assessment (Micro-EMA): A Pilot Study with Physical Activity Measurement (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aditya Ponnada ◽  
Binod Thapa Chhetry ◽  
Justin Manjourides ◽  
Stephen Intille
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Ecological Momentary Assessment ◽  
Activity Monitor ◽  
Criterion Validity ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Activity Measurement ◽  
Research Grade ◽  
Ecological Momentary ◽  
Momentary Assessment

BACKGROUND Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) is an in-situ method of gathering self-report on behaviors using mobile devices. Microinteraction-EMA (Micro-EMA or μEMA) is a type of EMA where all the self-report prompts are single-question surveys that can be answered using a one-tap glanceable microinteraction, conveniently on a smartwatch. Prior work suggests that μEMA may permit a substantially higher prompting rate than EMA with higher response rates. However, the validity of μEMA self-report has not yet been assessed. OBJECTIVE In this pilot study, we evaluated the criterion validity of μEMA on a smartwatch, using physical activity (PA) assessment as an example behavior of interest. METHODS Seventeen participants answered 72 μEMA prompts each day for one-week, self-reporting whether they were doing sedentary, light/standing, moderate/walking, or vigorous activities at each prompt. Responses were then compared with a research-grade activity monitor worn on the dominant ankle continuously measuring PA. RESULTS We observed significantly higher (P <.001) momentary PA levels on the activity monitor when participants self-reported (using μEMA) engaging in moderate/walking or vigorous activities as compared to sedentary or light/standing activities. CONCLUSIONS For PA measurement, high-frequency μEMA self-report could be used to capture the information comparable to that of a research-grade continuous sensor – suggesting criterion validity.

scholarly journals Associations Between Parent Self-Reported and Accelerometer-Measured Physical Activity and Sedentary Time in Children: Ecological Momentary Assessment Study

10.2196/15458 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. e15458
Author(s):  
Junia N de Brito ◽  
Katie A Loth ◽  
Allan Tate ◽  
Jerica M Berge
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Ecological Momentary Assessment ◽  
Sedentary Time ◽  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Accelerometer Data ◽  
Interaction Terms ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Ecological Momentary ◽  
Momentary Assessment

Background Retrospective self-report questionnaires are the most common method for assessing physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB) in children when the use of objective assessment methods (eg, accelerometry) is cost prohibitive. However, self-report measures have limitations (eg, recall bias). The use of real-time, mobile ecological momentary assessment (EMA) has been proposed to address these shortcomings. The study findings will provide useful information for researchers interested in using EMA surveys for measuring PA and SB in children, particularly when reported by a parent or caregiver. Objective This study aimed to examine the associations between the parent’s EMA report of their child’s PA and SB and accelerometer-measured sedentary time (ST), light-intensity PA (LPA), and moderate-to-vigorous–intensity PA (MVPA) and to examine if these associations differed by day of week, sex, and season. Methods A total of 140 parent-child dyads (mean child age 6.4 years, SD 0.8; n=66 girls; n=21 African American; n=24 American Indian; n=25 Hispanic/Latino; n=24 Hmong; n=22 Somali; and n=24 white) participated in this study. During an 8-day period, parents reported child PA and SB via multiple daily signal contingent EMA surveys, and children wore a hip-mounted accelerometer to objectively measure ST, LPA, and MVPA. Accelerometer data was matched to the time period occurring before parent EMA-report of child PA and SB. Generalized estimating equations with interaction-term analyses were performed to determine whether the relationship between parent-EMA report of child PA and SB and accelerometer-measured ST and LPA and MVPA outcomes differed by day of the week, sex and season. Results The parent’s EMA report of their child’s PA and SB was strongly associated with accelerometer-measured ST, LPA, and MVPA. The parent’s EMA report of their child’s PA was stronger during the weekend than on weekdays for accelerometer-measured ST (P≤.001) and LPA (P<.001). For the parent’s EMA report of their child’s SB, strong associations were observed with accelerometer-measured ST (P<.001), LPA (P=.005), and MVPA (P=.008). The findings related to sex-interaction terms indicated that the association between the parent-reported child’s PA via EMA and the accelerometer-measured MVPA was stronger for boys than girls (P=.02). The association between the parent’s EMA report of their child’s PA and SB and accelerometer-measured ST and PA was similar across seasons in this sample (all P values >.31). Conclusions When the use of accelerometry-based methods is not feasible and in contexts where the parent is able to spend more proximate time observing the child’s PA and SB, the parent’s EMA report might be a superior method for measuring PA and SB in young children relative to self-report, given the EMA’s strong associations with accelerometer-measured PA and ST.

scholarly journals Associations Between Parent Self-Reported and Accelerometer-Measured Physical Activity and Sedentary Time in Children: Ecological Momentary Assessment Study (Preprint)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junia N de Brito ◽  
Katie A Loth ◽  
Allan Tate ◽  
Jerica M Berge
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Ecological Momentary Assessment ◽  
Sedentary Time ◽  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Accelerometer Data ◽  
Interaction Terms ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Ecological Momentary ◽  
Momentary Assessment

BACKGROUND Retrospective self-report questionnaires are the most common method for assessing physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB) in children when the use of objective assessment methods (eg, accelerometry) is cost prohibitive. However, self-report measures have limitations (eg, recall bias). The use of real-time, mobile ecological momentary assessment (EMA) has been proposed to address these shortcomings. The study findings will provide useful information for researchers interested in using EMA surveys for measuring PA and SB in children, particularly when reported by a parent or caregiver. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to examine the associations between the parent’s EMA report of their child’s PA and SB and accelerometer-measured sedentary time (ST), light-intensity PA (LPA), and moderate-to-vigorous–intensity PA (MVPA) and to examine if these associations differed by day of week, sex, and season. METHODS A total of 140 parent-child dyads (mean child age 6.4 years, SD 0.8; n=66 girls; n=21 African American; n=24 American Indian; n=25 Hispanic/Latino; n=24 Hmong; n=22 Somali; and n=24 white) participated in this study. During an 8-day period, parents reported child PA and SB via multiple daily signal contingent EMA surveys, and children wore a hip-mounted accelerometer to objectively measure ST, LPA, and MVPA. Accelerometer data was matched to the time period occurring before parent EMA-report of child PA and SB. Generalized estimating equations with interaction-term analyses were performed to determine whether the relationship between parent-EMA report of child PA and SB and accelerometer-measured ST and LPA and MVPA outcomes differed by day of the week, sex and season. RESULTS The parent’s EMA report of their child’s PA and SB was strongly associated with accelerometer-measured ST, LPA, and MVPA. The parent’s EMA report of their child’s PA was stronger during the weekend than on weekdays for accelerometer-measured ST (<i>P</i>≤.001) and LPA (<i>P</i>&lt;.001). For the parent’s EMA report of their child’s SB, strong associations were observed with accelerometer-measured ST (<i>P</i>&lt;.001), LPA (<i>P</i>=.005), and MVPA (<i>P</i>=.008). The findings related to sex-interaction terms indicated that the association between the parent-reported child’s PA via EMA and the accelerometer-measured MVPA was stronger for boys than girls (<i>P</i>=.02). The association between the parent’s EMA report of their child’s PA and SB and accelerometer-measured ST and PA was similar across seasons in this sample (all <i>P</i> values &gt;.31). CONCLUSIONS When the use of accelerometry-based methods is not feasible and in contexts where the parent is able to spend more proximate time observing the child’s PA and SB, the parent’s EMA report might be a superior method for measuring PA and SB in young children relative to self-report, given the EMA’s strong associations with accelerometer-measured PA and ST.

Does the Company of a Dog Influence Affective Response to Exercise? Using Ecological Momentary Assessment to Study Dog-Accompanied Physical Activity

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 388-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yue Liao ◽  
Olga Solomon ◽  
Genevieve F. Dunton
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Ecological Momentary Assessment ◽  
Contextual Information ◽  
Affective Response ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Dog Owners ◽  
Ecological Momentary ◽  
Momentary Assessment

Purpose: This study used ecological momentary assessment (EMA), a real-time self-report strategy, to examine (1) whether dog owners were more likely to be physically active when they were with their dogs and (2) whether being with a dog amplifies positive and dampens negative affective response during physical activity. Design: Electronic EMA surveys for 12 days. Setting: Free-living. Participants: Seventy-one adult dog owners. Measures: The EMA survey included 1 question about current activity, 3 questions about positive affect (Cronbach α = .837), 4 questions about negative affect (Cronbach α = .865), and 1 question about the presence of dog. Analysis: Multilevel modeling. Results: The company of a dog did not increase the likelihood of being active versus sedentary at any given EMA prompt. However, greater positive affect during physical activity was reported in the company of a dog. Negative affect did not differ between active and sedentary activity, regardless of being with a dog or not. Conclusion: This study demonstrates the utility of electronic EMA as a promising methodology to study dog-accompanied physical activity. Future studies may use EMA to collect further contextual information about dog-accompanied activity to inform the development of innovative physical activity interventions.

Abstract P278: Impaired Nighttime Sleep Negatively Effects Next-Day Physical Activity: Results From an Ecological Momentary Assessment Study

Circulation ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 137 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher C Imes ◽  
Christopher E Kline ◽  
Dara D Mendez ◽  
Ran Sun ◽  
Yang Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Ecological Momentary Assessment ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Sleep Fragmentation ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
Objectively Measured ◽  
Ecological Momentary ◽  
Momentary Assessment

Introduction: Intention to engage in physical activity (PA) is an important concept in behavior change theories. However, age, body mass index (BMI), and sleep may influence one’s intention to engage in PA and intention might not predict actual activity. Purpose: This secondary analysis examined predictors of intention to engage in PA and if the factors associated with intention predicted objectively measured moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) in adults who were overweight or obese and enrolled in a weight loss study. Methods: We used 6- and 12-mo data from the EMPOWER Study, an observational study examining triggers of lapse following intentional weight loss. Objective measures included up to 7 days of overlapping accelerometer and actigraphy data to assess daily MVPA and sleep. Self-report data included responses to the question “Do you intend to be physically active today?” hereafter called intention, collected at the beginning of each day via ecological momentary assessment. Analyses were performed examining: 1) the effects of subject-level covariates (e.g., age, sex, race, BMI) on intention, 2) the effects of objectively measured sleep characteristics (e.g., total sleep time [TST], number of awakenings, sleep fragmentation) on intention, and 3) the relationships between sleep, intention, and MVPA. Logistic regression using generalized estimating equations and linear mixed-effect models were used. Results: The analyses included 680 person-days at 6 mo and 678 person-days at 12 mo. Participants (N=136) were mostly female (89.8%) and white (81.8%) with a mean (± SD) age of 51.5 ± 9.9 years and BMI of 33.5 ± 4.6. At 6 mo, participants intended to engage in PA on 81.2% of days, had a mean TST of 408.9 ± 81.8 min/night, and a mean of 32.4 ± 14.7 awakenings/night. At 12 mo, PA intention decreased to 80.6% of days, TST increased to 416.5 ± 82.5 min/night, and awakenings increased to 34.0 ± 14.4 per night (p = .089 for TST; p = .043 for awakenings). Mean daily MVPA decreased from 19.0 ± 23.9 min at 6 mo to 17.3 ± 23.4 min at 12 mo (p = .185). Intention increased with increasing age (odds ratio [OR] = 1.04; 95% confidence interval [95% CI] = 1.02 -1.07). At 6 mo, sleep fragmentation, after adjusting for age, negatively affected intention (OR = 0.96; 95% CI = 0.94 - 0.98); however, it did not significantly affect intention at 12 mo. When comparing days with no PA intention to days in which participants intended to engage in PA, mean MVPA nearly tripled from 7.4 min (95% CI = 3.6 - 11.2) to 21.2 min (95% CI = 18.4 - 24.0). Furthermore, when controlling for age, time of assessment, and intention, participants engaged in an estimated 0.135 (95% CI = 0.241 - 0.029) fewer min of MVPA for each awakening. Conclusions: Based on these findings, future weight loss programs should include interventions that improve sleep quality by reducing fragmentation and strengthen the link between intention and engagement in PA.

scholarly journals Combining ecological momentary assessment, wrist-based eating detection, and dietary assessment to characterize dietary lapse: A multi-method study protocol

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 205520762098821
Author(s):  
Stephanie P Goldstein ◽  
Adam Hoover ◽  
E Whitney Evans ◽  
J Graham Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Eating Behavior ◽  
Ecological Momentary Assessment ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Significant Weight Loss ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
Ecological Momentary ◽  
Momentary Assessment ◽  
Lapse Behavior

Objectives Behavioral obesity treatment (BOT) produces clinically significant weight loss and health benefits for many individuals with overweight/obesity. Yet, many individuals in BOT do not achieve clinically significant weight loss and/or experience weight regain. Lapses (i.e., eating that deviates from the BOT prescribed diet) could explain poor outcomes, but the behavior is understudied because it can be difficult to assess. We propose to study lapses using a multi-method approach, which allows us to identify objectively-measured characteristics of lapse behavior (e.g., eating rate, duration), examine the association between lapse and weight change, and estimate nutrition composition of lapse. Method We are recruiting participants (n = 40) with overweight/obesity to enroll in a 24-week BOT. Participants complete biweekly 7-day ecological momentary assessment (EMA) to self-report on eating behavior, including dietary lapses. Participants continuously wear the wrist-worn ActiGraph Link to characterize eating behavior. Participants complete 24-hour dietary recalls via structured interview at 6-week intervals to measure the composition of all food and beverages consumed. Results While data collection for this trial is still ongoing, we present data from three pilot participants who completed EMA and wore the ActiGraph to illustrate the feasibility, benefits, and challenges of this work. Conclusion This protocol will be the first multi-method study of dietary lapses in BOT. Upon completion, this will be one of the largest published studies of passive eating detection and EMA-reported lapse. The integration of EMA and passive sensing to characterize eating provides contextually rich data that will ultimately inform a nuanced understanding of lapse behavior and enable novel interventions. Trial registration: Registered clinical trial NCT03739151; URL: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03739151

Cross-Study, Cross-Method Associations Between Negative Urgency and Internalizing Symptoms

Assessment ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 107319112098388
Author(s):  
Kevin M. King ◽  
Max A. Halvorson ◽  
Kevin S. Kuehn ◽  
Madison C. Feil ◽  
Liliana J. Lengua
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Ecological Momentary Assessment ◽  
Internalizing Symptoms ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
Anxiety Symptoms ◽  
Negative Emotionality ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Negative Urgency ◽  
Ecological Momentary ◽  
Momentary Assessment

There is a small body of research that has connected individual differences in negative urgency, the tendency to report rash actions in response to negative emotions, with self-report depressive and anxiety symptoms. Despite the conceptual overlap of negative urgency with negative emotionality, the tendency to experience frequent and intense negative emotions, even fewer studies have examined whether the association of negative urgency with internalizing symptoms hold when controlling for negative emotionality. In the current study, we estimated the bivariate association between negative urgency and internalizing symptoms, tested whether they remained significant after partialling out negative emotionality, and tested whether these effects generalized to real-time experiences of negative emotions. We used data from five independent samples of high school and college students, assessed with global self-report ( n = 1,297) and ecological momentary assessment ( n = 195). Results indicated that in global self-report data, negative urgency was moderately and positively associated with depressive and anxiety symptoms, and the partial association with depressive symptoms (but not anxiety symptoms) controlling for negative emotionality remained significant and moderate in magnitude. This pattern was replicated in ecological momentary assessment data. Negative urgency may convey risk for depressive symptoms, independent of the effects of negative emotionality.

scholarly journals An ecological momentary assessment study of physical activity behaviors among mothers of toddlers from low-income households

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine L. Campbell ◽  
Yan Wang ◽  
Ann Pulling Kuhn ◽  
Maureen M. Black ◽  
Erin R. Hager
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Ecological Momentary Assessment ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Activity Count ◽  
Group Relations ◽  
Environment Factors ◽  
Group Relation ◽  
Ecological Momentary ◽  
Momentary Assessment

Abstract Background Mothers of young children from low-income communities may be vulnerable to barriers associated with low physical activity. The purpose of this study was to examine associations between home environment factors and maternal physical activity among mothers of toddlers. Methods Mothers of toddlers (n = 200) recruited from low-income communities simultaneously wore an ankle-placed accelerometer and were given a personal digital assistant for ecological momentary assessment. Mothers received randomly prompted questions about their current environment, activity, and social setting several times a day over eight consecutive days. Data were analyzed using linear mixed-effects regression models with random intercepts; within-group and between-group relations between physical activity and environment factors were disaggregated. Results Within-group relations included higher physical activity counts for specific mothers with television off versus on (95% CI = 130.45, 199.17), children absent versus present (95% CI = 82.00, 3.43), engaging with a child versus not (95% CI = 52.66, 127.63), and outside versus inside location (95% CI = 277.74, 392.67). Between-group relations included higher physical activity on average when other adults were absent versus present (95% CI = − 282.63, − 46.95). Recruitment site (urban vs. semi-urban) significantly moderated the within-group relation between being outside versus inside and activity count (β = − 243.12, 95% CI = − 358.74, − 127.47), and showed stronger relations among urban mothers (β = 440.33, 95% CI = 358.41, 522.25), than semi-urban (β = 190.37, 95% CI = 109.64, 271.11). Maternal body weight significantly moderated the within-group relation between being located outside versus inside the home and activity count (β for interaction = − 188.67, 95% CI = − 308.95, − 68.39), with a stronger relation among mothers with normal weight (β = 451.62, 95% CI = 345.51, 557.73), than mothers with overweight/obesity (β = 271.95, 95% CI = 204.26, 339.64). Conclusions This study highlights home environmental factors, including screen time, the presence of others (adults and children), and location (i.e., outside versus inside) that may relate to maternal physical activity behaviors. Understanding factors associated with physical activity could reduce physical activity disparities. Trial registry ClinicalTrials. NCT02615158, April 2006

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