scholarly journals Association of Opioid Use Disorder With 2016 Presidential Voting Patterns: Cross-sectional Study in New York State at Census Tract Level (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony Xiang ◽  
Wei Hou ◽  
Sina Rashidian ◽  
Richard N Rosenthal ◽  
Kayley Abell-Hart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Regression Model ◽  
Census Tract ◽  
New York State ◽  
Opioid Use Disorder ◽  
Opioid Epidemic ◽  
Opioid Use ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
York State ◽  
Census Tract Level

BACKGROUND Opioid overdose-related deaths have increased dramatically in recent years. Combating the opioid epidemic requires better understanding of the epidemiology of opioid poisoning (OP) and opioid use disorder (OUD). OBJECTIVE We aimed to discover geospatial patterns in nonmedical opioid use and its correlations with demographic features related to despair and economic hardship, most notably the US presidential voting patterns in 2016 at census tract level in New York State. METHODS This cross-sectional analysis used data from New York Statewide Planning and Research Cooperative System claims data and the presidential voting results of 2016 in New York State from the Harvard Election Data Archive. We included 63,958 patients who had at least one OUD diagnosis between 2010 and 2016 and 36,004 patients with at least one OP diagnosis between 2012 and 2016. Geospatial mappings were created to compare areas of New York in OUD rates and presidential voting patterns. A multiple regression model examines the extent that certain factors explain OUD rate variation. RESULTS Several areas shared similar patterns of OUD rates and Republican vote: census tracts in western New York, central New York, and Suffolk County. The correlation between OUD rates and the Republican vote was .38 (<i>P</i>&lt;.001). The regression model with census tract level of demographic and socioeconomic factors explains 30% of the variance in OUD rates, with disability and Republican vote as the most significant predictors. CONCLUSIONS At the census tract level, OUD rates were positively correlated with Republican support in the 2016 presidential election, disability, unemployment, and unmarried status. Socioeconomic and demographic despair-related features explain a large portion of the association between the Republican vote and OUD. Together, these findings underscore the importance of socioeconomic interventions in combating the opioid epidemic.

scholarly journals Association of Opioid Use Disorder With 2016 Presidential Voting Patterns: Cross-sectional Study in New York State at Census Tract Level

10.2196/23426 ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. e23426
Author(s):  
Anthony Xiang ◽  
Wei Hou ◽  
Sina Rashidian ◽  
Richard N Rosenthal ◽  
Kayley Abell-Hart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Regression Model ◽  
Census Tract ◽  
New York State ◽  
Opioid Use Disorder ◽  
Opioid Epidemic ◽  
Opioid Use ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
York State ◽  
Census Tract Level

Background Opioid overdose-related deaths have increased dramatically in recent years. Combating the opioid epidemic requires better understanding of the epidemiology of opioid poisoning (OP) and opioid use disorder (OUD). Objective We aimed to discover geospatial patterns in nonmedical opioid use and its correlations with demographic features related to despair and economic hardship, most notably the US presidential voting patterns in 2016 at census tract level in New York State. Methods This cross-sectional analysis used data from New York Statewide Planning and Research Cooperative System claims data and the presidential voting results of 2016 in New York State from the Harvard Election Data Archive. We included 63,958 patients who had at least one OUD diagnosis between 2010 and 2016 and 36,004 patients with at least one OP diagnosis between 2012 and 2016. Geospatial mappings were created to compare areas of New York in OUD rates and presidential voting patterns. A multiple regression model examines the extent that certain factors explain OUD rate variation. Results Several areas shared similar patterns of OUD rates and Republican vote: census tracts in western New York, central New York, and Suffolk County. The correlation between OUD rates and the Republican vote was .38 (P<.001). The regression model with census tract level of demographic and socioeconomic factors explains 30% of the variance in OUD rates, with disability and Republican vote as the most significant predictors. Conclusions At the census tract level, OUD rates were positively correlated with Republican support in the 2016 presidential election, disability, unemployment, and unmarried status. Socioeconomic and demographic despair-related features explain a large portion of the association between the Republican vote and OUD. Together, these findings underscore the importance of socioeconomic interventions in combating the opioid epidemic.

scholarly journals Association of Opioid Use Disorder With 2016 Presidential Voting Patterns: A Cross-Sectional Study in New York State at Census Tract Level

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony Xiang ◽  
Sina Rashidian ◽  
Wei Hou ◽  
Richard N Rosenthal ◽  
Kayley Abell-Hart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Census Tract ◽  
New York State ◽  
Opioid Use Disorder ◽  
Opioid Epidemic ◽  
Opioid Use ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
York State ◽  
Census Tract Level ◽  
Demographic Features

Background: Opioid overdose related deaths have increased dramatically in recent years. Combating the opioid epidemic requires better understanding of the epidemiology of opioid poisoning (OP) and opioid use disorder (OUD). Objective: We aimed to discover geospatial patterns in problematic opioid use and its correlations with demographic features related to despair and economic hardship, most notably the US presidential voting patterns in 2016 at census tract level in New York State. Methods: This cross-sectional analysis used data from New York Statewide Planning and Research Cooperative System claims data and the presidential voting results of 2016 in New York State from the Harvard Election Data Archive. We included 63,958 patients who had at least one opioid use disorder (OUD) diagnosis between 2010 and 2016, and 36,004 patients with at least one opioid poisoning (OP) diagnosis between 2012 and 2016. A logistic regression model was used to determine the associations between patient level characteristics (sex, age group, race, and payment type) and OUD and OP patient rates at census tract level. Results: Several areas shared similar patterns of OUD rates and Republican vote: census tracts in Western New York, Central New York, and Suffolk County. The Spearman rank correlation between OUD rates and the Republican vote was 0.38 (P < 0.0001). A multiple regression model of census tract level demographic and socioeconomic factors explains 29% of the variance in OUD rates, with disability and republican vote the biggest predictors. Conclusions: At the census tract level, opioid use disorder rates were positively correlated with Republican support in the 2016 presidential election, disability, unemployment, and unmarried status. Socioeconomic and demographic features explain a large portion of the association between the Republican vote and opioid use disorder. Together, these findings underscore the importance of socioeconomic interventions in combatting the opioid epidemic.

Association of census tract-level incarceration rate and life expectancy in New York State

2021 ◽  
pp. jech-2020-216077
Author(s):  
Louisa W Holaday ◽  
Benjamin Howell ◽  
Keitra Thompson ◽  
Laura Cramer ◽  
Emily Ai-hua Wang
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Census Tract ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
New York State ◽  
York State ◽  
Incarceration Rate ◽  
Census Tract Level ◽  
Improve Life Expectancy

BackgroundJail incarceration rates are positively associated with mortality at the county level. However, incarceration rates vary within counties, limiting the generalisability of this finding to neighbourhoods, where incarceration may have the greatest effects.MethodsWe performed a cross-sectional analysis of census tract-level state imprisonment rates in New York State (2010) and life expectancy data from the US Small-area Life Expectancy Estimates Project (2010–2015). We modelled fixed-effects for counties and controlled for tract-level poverty, racial makeup, education, and population density from the American Community Survey (2010–2014), and violent crime data from the New York City Police Department (2010). We also examined interactions between incarceration rate and poverty, racial makeup, and population density on life expectancy.ResultsLife expectancy at the highest quintile of incarceration was 5.5 years lower than in the lowest quintile, and over 2 years lower in a fully-adjusted model. Census tract-level poverty and racial makeup both moderated the association between incarceration and life expectancy.ConclusionCensus tract-level incarceration is associated with lower life expectancy. Decarceration, including alternatives to incarceration, and release of those currently incarcerated, may help to improve life expectancy at the neighbourhood level.

Community stroke education practices in New York State designated stroke centres

2019 ◽  
Vol 78 (8) ◽  
pp. 1012-1019
Author(s):  
Olajide Williams ◽  
Ellyn Leighton-Herrmann Quinn ◽  
Anna Colello ◽  
Crismely Perdomo ◽  
Ji Chong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Systems Of Care ◽  
New York State ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
York State ◽  
Stroke Education ◽  
Stroke Systems Of Care

Objective: Community stroke education is a regulated, integral component of stroke systems of care. However, little is known about the types of activities conducted by hospitals. This study was designed to examine the annual requirement for community stroke education among New York State’s 119 designated Primary Stroke Centres and identify areas for improvement that may have an implication on stroke outcomes. Design: Cross-sectional survey design Setting: All 119 New York State designated Primary Stroke Centres were invited to participate. Methods: Participating hospitals completed a 29-item online questionnaire assessing multiple domains related to community stroke education including hospital characteristics, allocated resources, implementation barriers, current community stroke education practices and willingness to adopt best practice guidelines. Data were analysed using univariate descriptive and chi-square statistics. Results: Eighty-eight percent of hospitals completed the survey (105/119). Respondents were mostly stroke coordinators and stroke directors. Stroke outreach education was conducted two to four times per year in 58% of the hospitals ( n = 69). Community stroke education included behavioural risk factor modification, the detection of stroke risk through screening and stroke preparedness education at health fairs. Although 95% of hospitals ( n = 98) reported using at least one best practice approach for these activities, evaluation was generally poor, with only about 23% ( n = 24) implementing outcome-specific assessments. Major barriers to stroke outreach were inadequate staffing, time constraints and lack of funding. Conclusion: Hospital-driven community stroke education efforts occur infrequently and are poorly evaluated. This component of stroke systems of care would benefit from guidelines from regulatory agencies, which currently do not exist.

scholarly journals Different outcomes for different interventions with different focus!— A cross-country comparison of community interventions in rural Swedish and US populations

2001 ◽  
Vol 29 (56_suppl) ◽  
pp. 46-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Weinehall ◽  
C. Lewis ◽  
A.N. Nafziger ◽  
P.L. Jenkins ◽  
T.A. Erb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
New York ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
New York State ◽  
Reference Population ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
York State ◽  
The Us ◽  
Cross Sectional Studies

Objectives: There is a need among healthcare providers to acquire more knowledge about small-scale and low budget community intervention programmes. This paper compares risk factor outcomes in Swedish and US intervention programmes for the prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The aim was to explore how different intervention programme profiles affect outcome. Methods: Using a quasi-experimental design, trends in risk factors and estimated CVD risk in two intervention areas (Norsjö, Sweden and Otsego- Schoharie County, New York state) are compared with those in reference areas (Northern Sweden region and Herkimer County, New York state) using serial cross-sectional studies and panel studies. Results: The programmes were able to achieve significant changes in CVD risk factors that the local communities recognized as major concerns: changing eating habits in the Swedish population and reducing smoking in the US population. For the Swedish cross-sectional follow-up study cholesterol reduction was 12%, compared to 5% in the reference population ( p for trend differences < 0.000) . The significantly higher estimated CVD risk (as assessed by risk scores) at baseline in the intervention population was below that of the Swedish reference population after 5 years of intervention. The Swedish panel study provided the same results. In the US, both the serial cross-sectional and panel studies showed a >10% decline in smoking prevalence in the intervention population, while it increased slightly in the reference population. When pooling the serial cross-sectional studies the estimated risk reduction (using the Framingham risk equation) was significantly greater in the intervention populations compared to the reference populations. Conclusions: The overall pattern of risk reduction is consistent and suggests that the two different models of rural county intervention can contribute to significant risk reduction. The Swedish programme had its greatest effect on reduction of serum cholesterol levels whereas the US programme had its greatest effect on smoking prevention and cessation. These outcomes are consistent with programmatic emphases. Socially less privileged groups in these rural areas benefited as much or more from the interventions as those with greater social resources.

scholarly journals Availability and Utilization of Automated External Defibrillators in New York State Schools

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milla Arabadjian ◽  
Stephanie Serrato ◽  
Mark V. Sherrid
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
New York State ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Long Term Survival ◽  
Automated External Defibrillators ◽  
York State

Background: Use of automated external defibrillators (AEDs) in out-of-hospital cardiac arrests (OHCAs) improve survival. Professional health organizations recommend that AEDs be available in crowded places, including schools but currently only 18 US states require them. Sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) research in the school-age population has largely focused on school sub-groups, leaving out the majority of US students and adults working in schools. New York State (NYS) has one of the largest student populations in the US. Our objective was to gain epidemiologic data on SCA across a variety of school levels and examine the availability and utilization of AEDs in a state that requires them.Methods: This was an observational, cross-sectional study utilizing an electronic survey. We included NYS school nurses and collected electronic surveys in January-March, 2018. We analyzed demographic data of school characteristics, SCA occurrences and AED use and availability.Results: Of 876 respondents (36.1% response rate), 71 (8.2%) reported SCAs, with 41 occurring in adults. AEDs were deployed in 59 of 71 (84.3%) events, 40 individuals had long-term survival. Most SCAs occurred in middle-schools. School size or number of AEDs/school had no bearing on short-term or long-term survival. AEDs were widely available in private schools, though this was not required by state law.Conclusions: Our data suggest a need for more comprehensive examination of SCA in US schools. Research comparing the availability and utilization of school AEDs between states that do and do not require them is needed and may have important clinical and policy implications for SCA emergency preparedness in US schools.

scholarly journals Correspondence analysis to evaluate the transmission ofStaphylococcus aureusstrains in two New York State maximum-security prisons

2017 ◽  
Vol 145 (10) ◽  
pp. 2161-2165 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. BEFUS ◽  
D. V. MUKHERJEE ◽  
C. T. A. HERZIG ◽  
F. D. LOWY ◽  
E. LARSON
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Correspondence Analysis ◽  
New York State ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
York State ◽  
Maximum Security ◽  
Mucosal Site ◽  
Binomial Regression ◽  
Significant Difference

SUMMARYPrisons/jails are thought to amplify the transmission ofStaphylococcus aureus(SA) particularly methicillin-resistant SA infection and colonisation. Two independently pooled cross-sectional samples of detainees being admitted or discharged from two New York State maximum-security prisons were used to explore this concept. Private interviews of participants were conducted, during which the anterior nares and oropharynx were sampled and assessed for SA colonisation. Log-binomial regression and correspondence analysis (CA) were used to evaluate the prevalence of colonisation at entry as compared with discharge. Approximately 51% of admitted (N= 404) and 41% of discharged (N= 439) female detainees were colonised with SA. Among males, 59% of those admitted (N= 427) and 49% of those discharged (N= 393) were colonised. Females had a statistically significant higher prevalence (1·26:P= 0·003) whereas males showed no significant difference (1·06;P= 0·003) in SA prevalence between entry and discharge. CA demonstrated that some strains, such asspatypes t571 and t002, might have an affinity for certain mucosal sites. Contrary to our hypothesis, the prison setting did not amplify SA transmission, and CA proved to be a useful tool in describing the population structure of strains according to time and/or mucosal site.

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