scholarly journals iPhone Sensors in Tracking Outcome Variables of the 30-Second Chair Stand Test and Stair Climb Test to Evaluate Disability: Cross-Sectional Pilot Study (Preprint)

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gautam Adusumilli ◽  
Solomon Eben Joseph ◽  
Michael A Samaan ◽  
Brooke Schultz ◽  
Tijana Popovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Sensor Data ◽  
Standard Errors ◽  
Chair Stand ◽  
Stand Test ◽  
Chair Stand Test ◽  
Osteoarthritis Patient ◽  
Gravity Sensor ◽  
Test Retest Reliability

BACKGROUND Performance tests are important to characterize patient disabilities and functional changes. The Osteoarthritis Research Society International and others recommend the 30-second Chair Stand Test and Stair Climb Test, among others, as core tests that capture two distinct types of disability during activities of daily living. However, these two tests are limited by current protocols of testing in clinics. There is a need for an alternative that allows remote testing of functional capabilities during these tests in the osteoarthritis patient population. OBJECTIVE Objectives are to (1) develop an app for testing the functionality of an iPhone’s accelerometer and gravity sensor and (2) conduct a pilot study objectively evaluating the criterion validity and test-retest reliability of outcome variables obtained from these sensors during the 30-second Chair Stand Test and Stair Climb Test. METHODS An iOS app was developed with data collection capabilities from the built-in iPhone accelerometer and gravity sensor tools and linked to Google Firebase. A total of 24 subjects performed the 30-second Chair Stand Test with an iPhone accelerometer collecting data and an external rater manually counting sit-to-stand repetitions. A total of 21 subjects performed the Stair Climb Test with an iPhone gravity sensor turned on and an external rater timing the duration of the test on a stopwatch. App data from Firebase were converted into graphical data and exported into MATLAB for data filtering. Multiple iterations of a data processing algorithm were used to increase robustness and accuracy. MATLAB-generated outcome variables were compared to the manually determined outcome variables of each test. Pearson’s correlation coefficients (PCCs), Bland-Altman plots, intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs), standard errors of measurement, and repeatability coefficients were generated to evaluate criterion validity, agreement, and test-retest reliability of iPhone sensor data against gold-standard manual measurements. RESULTS App accelerometer data during the 30-second Chair Stand Test (PCC=.890) and gravity sensor data during the Stair Climb Test (PCC=.865) were highly correlated to gold-standard manual measurements. Greater than 95% of values on Bland-Altman plots comparing the manual data to the app data fell within the 95% limits of agreement. Strong intraclass correlation was found for trials of the 30-second Chair Stand Test (ICC=.968) and Stair Climb Test (ICC=.902). Standard errors of measurement for both tests were found to be within acceptable thresholds for MATLAB. Repeatability coefficients for the 30-second Chair Stand Test and Stair Climb Test were 0.629 and 1.20, respectively. CONCLUSIONS App-based performance testing of the 30-second Chair Stand Test and Stair Climb Test is valid and reliable, suggesting its applicability to future, larger-scale studies in the osteoarthritis patient population.

scholarly journals Strength Assessment Under Dual Task Conditions in Women with Fibromyalgia: A Test–Retest Reliability Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (24) ◽  
pp. 4971
Author(s):  
Juan Luis Leon-Llamas ◽  
Santos Villafaina ◽  
Alvaro Murillo-Garcia ◽  
Daniel Collado-Mateo ◽  
Francisco Javier Domínguez-Muñoz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dual Task ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Retest Reliability ◽  
Chair Stand ◽  
Stand Test ◽  
Performance Variable ◽  
Chair Stand Test ◽  
Total Performance ◽  
Task Conditions ◽  
Test Retest Reliability

The present study aimed to: (1) analyze the test–retest reliability of the 30 s chair stand test and the 30 s arm curl test under dual-task conditions; (2) analyze the test–retest reliability of a new variable which assesses the total performance (cognitive + physical) in both tests. A total of 37 women with fibromyalgia participated in the study. Participants completed the 30 s arm curl test and 30 s chair stand test in both simple and dual-task conditions. These tests were repeated after seven days. In the 30 s chair stand dual-task test the reliability was low to good whereas that of the total performance variable was low to moderate. The reliability in both the 30 s arm curl dual-task test and the total performance variable were good to moderate. Both the 30 s chair stand test and 30 s arm curl test under dual-task conditions and the total performance variables had good test–retest reliability. However, it is necessary to consider the fluctuations of the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC).

scholarly journals The Automatic Assessment of Strength and Mobility in Older Adults: A Test-Retest Reliability Study

Medicina ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Collado-Mateo ◽  
Pedro Madeira ◽  
Francisco J. Dominguez-Muñoz ◽  
Santos Villafaina ◽  
Pablo Tomas-Carus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Timed Up And Go ◽  
Retest Reliability ◽  
Healthy Older Adults ◽  
Chair Stand ◽  
Stand Test ◽  
Chair Stand Test ◽  
Sit To Stand ◽  
Test Retest Reliability

Background: Simple field tests such as the Timed Up and Go test (TUG) and 30 s Chair Stand test are commonly used to evaluate physical function in the elderly, providing crude outcome measures. Using an automatic chronometer, it is possible to obtain additional kinematic parameters that may lead to obtaining extra information and drawing further conclusions. However, there is a lack of studies that evaluate the test-retest reliability of these parameters, which may help to judge and interpret changes caused by an intervention or differences between populations. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the test-retest reliability of the Timed Up and Go test (TUG) and 30 s Chair Stand test in healthy older adults. Methods: A total of 99 healthy older adults participated in this cross-sectional study. The TUG and the 30 s Chair Stand test were performed five times and twice, respectively, using an automatic chronometer. The sit-to-stand-to-sit cycle from the 30 s Chair Stand test was divided into two phases. Results: Overall, reliability for the 30 s Chair Stand test was good for almost each variable (intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) >0.70). Furthermore, the use of an automatic chronometer improved the reliability for the TUG (ICC >0.86 for a manual chronometer and ICC >0.88 for an automatic chronometer). Conclusions: The TUG and the 30 s Chair Stand test are reliable in older adults. The use of an automatic chronometer in the TUG is strongly recommended as it increased the reliability of the test. This device enables researchers to obtain relevant and reliable data from the 30 s Chair Stand test, such as the duration of the sit-to-stand-to-sit cycles and phases.

scholarly journals Reliability of 30-s Chair Stand Test with and without Cognitive Task in People with Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 1450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabina Barrios-Fernández ◽  
Jorge Pérez-Gómez ◽  
María del Carmen Galán-Arroyo ◽  
Jairo Señorán-Rivera ◽  
Rubén Martín-Carmona ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Intraclass Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Cognitive Task ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Chair Stand ◽  
Stand Test ◽  
Chair Stand Test

Background: Reliability refers to the precision of an assessment, so it is a critical topic to take the right decisions related to health management. People usually perform several tasks at the same time in their daily life. The aim of this study was to examine the reliability of the 30-s chair stand test in people with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) with test–retest, with and without dual-task (motor + cognitive task). Methods: Twenty-six subjects with T2DM and 30 subjects without T2DM performed the 30-s Chair Stand Test (30sCST) in which they must sit and stand as many times as possible in 30 s. They performed the test in the usual way (30sCST) and also with an additional cognitive task (30sCST-DT). A retest was conducted 7–14 days later. Results: Relative reliability was excellent in both groups (intraclass correlation coefficient > 0.9). In 30sCST-DT, relative reliability was high in the T2DM group (intraclass correlation coefficient > 0.7) and excellent in subjects without T2DM (intraclass correlation coefficient > 0.9). Conclusions: The 30sCST and the 30sCST-DT tests are reliable tools for people with T2DM to measure changes after an intervention. The smallest real difference was 15% and 20% upper in the T2DM group in the 30sCST and 30sCST-DT tests, respectively.

Assessing Arm Volume in People During and After Treatment for Breast Cancer: Reliability and Convergent Validity of the LymphaTech System

2020 ◽  
Vol 100 (3) ◽  
pp. 457-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jill M Binkley ◽  
Michael J Weiler ◽  
Nathan Frank ◽  
Lauren Bober ◽  
J Brandon Dixon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Standard Errors ◽  
Limb Volume ◽  
Intraclass Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Test Retest Reliability ◽  
Volume Difference

Abstract Background There are challenges related to the accurate and efficient measurement of lymphedema in people with breast cancer. The LymphaTech 3D Imaging System (LymphaTech, Atlanta, GA, USA) is a mobile, noninvasive platform that provides limb geometry measurements. Objective The objective of this study was to estimate the reliability and validity of the LymphaTech for measuring arm volume in the context of women seeking care in a specialty breast cancer rehabilitation clinic. Design This was a cross-sectional reliability and convergent validity study. Methods People who had stage I to IV breast cancer with lymphedema or were at risk for it were included. Arm volume was measured in 66 participants using the LymphaTech and perometer methods. Test-retest reliability for a single measure, limb volume difference, and agreement between methods was analyzed for 30 participants. A method-comparison analysis was also used to assess convergent validity between methods. Results Both LymphaTech and perometer methods displayed intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) of ≥0.99. The standard errors of measurement for the LymphaTech and length-matched perometer measurements were nearly identical. Similar intraclass correlation coefficients (0.97) and standard errors of measurement (38.0–40.7 mL) were obtained for the between-limb volume difference for both methods. The convergent validity analyses demonstrated no systematic difference between methods. Limitations The sample size was not based on a formal sample size calculation. LymphaTech measurements included interrater variance, and perometer measurements contained intrarater variance. Conclusions The LymphaTech had excellent test-retest reliability, and convergent validity was supported. This technology is efficient and portable and has a potential role in prospective surveillance and management of lymphedema in clinical, research, and home settings.

scholarly journals Reliability of the 30 s Chair Stand Test in Women with Fibromyalgia

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (13) ◽  
pp. 2344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Pedro Martín-Martínez ◽  
Daniel Collado-Mateo ◽  
Francisco Javier Domínguez-Muñoz ◽  
Santos Villafaina ◽  
Narcís Gusi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Fear Of Falling ◽  
Rest Period ◽  
Contact Phase ◽  
Good Reliability ◽  
Chair Stand ◽  
Stand Test ◽  
Chair Stand Test ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Test Retest Reliability

Background: The 30 s chair stand test is often used to evaluate physical fitness in chronic pain populations. In patients with fibromyalgia, physical fitness is closely related to pain, quality of life, and fear of falling. However, the reliability of this test has only been evaluated concerning the number of repetitions. Objective: To evaluate the test–retest reliability of the 30 s chair stand test in women with fibromyalgia (n = 30), using data from the contact and non-contact time registered with an automatic chronometer (chronojump). Methods: Participants carried out the 30 s chair stand test twice with five minutes as a rest period, while an automatic chronometer recorded the time elapsed in contact with the chair (impulse phase) and not in contact (non-contact phase). Number and fear of falls in the last year and in the last six weeks were also recorded. Results: The reliability of duration of both phases was good. A relationship between these results and the number and fear of falling was also found. Conclusion: The analysis of movement phases in the 30 s chair stand test showed a good reliability in females with fibromyalgia, providing further useful information about the onset of muscle fatigue during the test.

scholarly journals Incidence and multidimensional predictors of occasional and recurrent falls among Malaysian community‐dwelling older persons

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Theng Choon Ooi ◽  
Devinder Kaur Ajit Singh ◽  
Suzana Shahar ◽  
Nor Fadilah Rajab ◽  
Divya Vanoh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Older Persons ◽  
Test Score ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Chair Stand ◽  
Stand Test ◽  
Chair Stand Test ◽  
Recurrent Falls ◽  
History Of

Abstract Background Falls incidence rate and comprehensive data on factors that predict occasional and repeated falls from large population-based studies are scarce. In this study, we aimed to determine the incidence of falls and identify predictors of occasional and recurrent falls. This was done in the social, medical, physical, nutritional, biochemical, cognitive dimensions among community-dwelling older Malaysians. Methods Data from 1,763 Malaysian community-dwelling older persons aged ≥ 60 years were obtained from the LRGS-TUA longitudinal study. Participants were categorized into three groups according to the presence of a single fall (occasional fallers), ≥two falls (recurrent fallers), or absence of falls (non-fallers) at an 18-month follow-up. Results Three hundred and nine (17.53 %) participants reported fall occurrences at an 18-month follow-up, of whom 85 (27.51 %) had two or more falls. The incidence rate for occasional and recurrent falls was 8.47 and 3.21 per 100 person-years, respectively. Following multifactorial adjustments, being female (OR: 1.57; 95 % CI: 1.04–2.36), being single (OR: 5.31; 95 % CI: 3.36–37.48), having history of fall (OR: 1.86; 95 % CI: 1.19–2.92) higher depression scale score (OR: 1.10; 95 % CI: 1.02–1.20), lower hemoglobin levels (OR: 0.90; 95 % CI: 0.81-1.00) and lower chair stand test score (OR: 0.93; 95 % CI: 0.87-1.00) remained independent predictors of occasional falls. While, having history of falls (OR: 2.74; 95 % CI: 1.45–5.19), being a stroke survivor (OR: 8.57; 95 % CI: 2.12–34.65), higher percentage of body fat (OR: 1.04; 95 % CI: 1.01–1.08) and lower chair stand test score (OR: 0.87; 95 % CI: 0.77–0.97) appeared as recurrent falls predictors. Conclusions Having history of falls and lower muscle strength were predictors for both occasional and recurrent falls among Malaysian community-dwelling older persons. Modifying these predictors may be beneficial in falls prevention and management strategies among older persons.

What is the optimal chair stand test protocol for older adults? A systematic review

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (20) ◽  
pp. 2828-2835 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanife Mehmet ◽  
Angela W. H. Yang ◽  
Stephen R. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Test Protocol ◽  
Chair Stand ◽  
Stand Test ◽  
Chair Stand Test

The Minnesota Manual Dexterity Test: Reliability, Validity and Reference Values Studies with Healthy Elderly People

1997 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 270-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johanne Desrosiers ◽  
Annie Rochette ◽  
Réjean Hébert ◽  
Gina Bravo
Keyword(s):  
Elderly People ◽  
Reference Values ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Manual Dexterity ◽  
Test Reliability ◽  
Retest Reliability ◽  
Healthy Elderly ◽  
Block Test ◽  
Test Retest Reliability

Several dexterity tests have been developed, including the Minnesota Rate of Manipulation Test (MRMT) and a new version, the Minnesota Manual Dexterity Test (MMDT). The objectives of the study were: a) to verify the test-retest reliability of the MMDT; b) to compare the MRMT and the MMDT; c) to study the concurrent validity of the MMDT; and d) to establish reference values for elderly people with the MMDT. Two hundred and forty-seven community-living healthy elderly were evaluated with the MMDT, and two other dexterity tests, the Box and Block Test (BBT) and the Purdue Pegboard (PP). Thirty-five of them were evaluated twice with the MMDT and 44 were evaluated with both the MMDT and MRMT. The results show that the test-retest reliability of the MMDT is acceptable to high (intraclass correlation coefficients of 0.79 to 0.87, depending on the subtest) and the validity of the test is demonstrated by significant correlations between the MMDT, the BBT and the PP (0.63 to 0.67). There is a high correlation (0.85 to 0.95) between the MMDT and the MMRT in spite of different results. The reference values will help occupational therapists to differentiate better between real dexterity difficulties and those that may be attributed to normal aging.

Psychometric Comparisons of 2 Versions of the Fugl-Meyer Motor Scale and 2 Versions of the Stroke Rehabilitation Assessment of Movement

2008 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 737-744 ◽  
Author(s):  
I-Ping Hsueh ◽  
Miao-Ju Hsu ◽  
Ching-Fan Sheu ◽  
Su Lee ◽  
Ching-Lin Hsieh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stroke Rehabilitation ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Chronic Patients ◽  
Retest Reliability ◽  
Intraclass Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Mild Stroke ◽  
Test Retest Reliability ◽  
Rehabilitation Assessment

Objective. To provide empirical justification for selecting motor scales for stroke patients, the authors compared the psychometric properties (validity, responsiveness, test-retest reliability, and smallest real difference [SRD]) of the Fugl-Meyer Motor Scale (FM), the simplified FM (S-FM), the Stroke Rehabilitation Assessment of Movement instrument (STREAM), and the simplified STREAM (S-STREAM). Methods. For the validity and responsiveness study, 50 inpatients were assessed with the FM and the STREAM at admission and discharge to a rehabilitation department. The scores of the S-FM and the S-STREAM were retrieved from their corresponding scales. For the test-retest reliability study, a therapist administered both scales on a different sample of 60 chronic patients on 2 occasions. Results. Only the S-STREAM had no notable floor or ceiling effects at admission and discharge. The 4 motor scales had good concurrent validity (rho ≥ .91) and satisfactory predictive validity (rho = .72-.77). The scales showed responsiveness (effect size d ≥ 0.34; standardized response mean ≥ 0.95; P < .0001), with the S-STREAM most responsive. The test-retest agreements of the scales were excellent (intraclass correlation coefficients ≥ .96). The SRD of the 4 scales was 10% of their corresponding highest score, indicating acceptable level of measurement error. The upper extremity and the lower extremity subscales of the 4 showed similar results. Conclusions. The 4 motor scales showed acceptable levels of reliability, validity, and responsiveness in stroke patients. The S-STREAM is recommended because it is short, responsive to change, and able to discriminate patients with severe or mild stroke.

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