scholarly journals Contents, Followers, and Retweets of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention�s Office of Advanced Molecular Detection (@CDC_AMD) Twitter Profile: Cross-Sectional Study (Preprint)

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isaac Chun-Hai Fung ◽  
Ashley M Jackson ◽  
Lindsay A Mullican ◽  
Elizabeth B Blankenship ◽  
Mary Elizabeth Goff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Control ◽  
Molecular Detection ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Negative Binomial Regression ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Individual Health ◽  
Binomial Regression ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Centers For Disease Control

BACKGROUND The Office of Advanced Molecular Detection (OAMD), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), manages a Twitter profile (@CDC_AMD). To our knowledge, no prior study has analyzed a CDC Twitter handle’s entire contents and all followers. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to describe the contents and followers of the Twitter profile @CDC_AMD and to assess if attaching photos or videos to tweets posted by @CDC_AMD would increase retweet frequency. METHODS Data of @CDC_AMD were retrieved on November 21, 2016. All followers (N=809) were manually categorized. All tweets (N=768) were manually coded for contents and whether photos or videos were attached. Retweet count for each tweet was recorded. Negative binomial regression models were applied to both the original and the retweet corpora. RESULTS Among the 809 followers, 26.0% (210/809) were individual health professionals, 11.6% (94/809) nongovernmental organizations, 3.3% (27/809) government agencies’ accounts, 3.3% (27/809) accounts of media organizations and journalists, and 0.9% (7/809) academic journals, with 54.9% (444/809) categorized as miscellaneous. A total of 46.9% (360/768) of @CDC_AMD’s tweets referred to the Office’s website and their current research; 17.6% (135/768) referred to their scientists’ publications. Moreover, 80% (69/86) of tweets retweeted by @CDC_AMD fell into the miscellaneous category. In addition, 43.4% (333/768) of the tweets contained photos or videos, whereas the remaining 56.6% (435/768) did not. Attaching photos or videos to original @CDC_AMD tweets increases the number of retweets by 37% (probability ratio=1.37, 95% CI 1.13-1.67, P=.002). Content topics did not explain or modify this association. CONCLUSIONS This study confirms CDC health communicators’ experience that original tweets created by @CDC_AMD Twitter profile sharing images or videos (or their links) received more retweets. The current policy of attaching images to tweets should be encouraged.

Vancomycin Use in Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Patients

2000 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heidi A. Hopkins ◽  
Ronda L. Sinkowitz-Cochran ◽  
Benjamin A. Rudin ◽  
Harry L. Keyserling ◽  
William R. Jarvis
Keyword(s):  
Disease Control ◽  
Empirical Therapy ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Oncology Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pediatric Hematology ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Centers For Disease Control

AbstractA cross-sectional study was performed of pediatric hematology-oncology patients who received vancomycin; use was compared to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommendations for vancomycin use. Thirty-seven patients received 308 doses of vancomycin. All patients initially received vancomycin as empirical therapy; 100% of this use was not consistent with the CDC recommendations.

scholarly journals Association of Pre- Peri- and Postnatal Factors with Developmental Defects of Enamel in Schoolchildren

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabiana Vargas-Ferreira ◽  
Marco Aurelio Peres ◽  
Samuel Carvalho Dumith ◽  
William Murray Thomson ◽  
Flávio Fernando Demarco
Keyword(s):  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Negative Binomial Regression ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Developmental Defects ◽  
Enamel Defects ◽  
Regression Modelling ◽  
Binomial Regression ◽  
Developmental Defects Of Enamel

Objective: This study estimated the prevalence, extent, buccal distribution and associated factors involving enamel defects in Brazilian schoolchildren. Study design: A cross-sectional study using a multistage cluster random sample of 1,206 8–12-year-old Brazilian schoolchildren was carried out in Pelotas, Brazil. The prevalence of enamel defects in the permanent dentition was determined using the modified Developmental Defects of Enamel index (DDE). Sociodemographic and health data were collected from their mothers using a semi-structured questionnaire. Data were analyzed using Poisson regression modelling for DDE prevalence and negative binomial regression modelling for the extent of DDE. Results: The prevalence of any enamel defects was 64.0% (95% Confidence Interval: 61.4, 67.0); the main types were diffuse opacities (35.0%), demarcated opacities (29.5%) and hypoplasia (3.7%). In general, older children had a lower prevalence and extent of enamel defects than their counterparts (p<0.001). There were no other significant associations. Conclusion: Enamel defects are common, especially among younger children, but the role of pre-, peri- and postnatal exposures remains unclear.

scholarly journals Impact of long-term exposure to PM2.5 and temperature on coronavirus disease mortality: observed trends in France

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anastase Tchicaya ◽  
Nathalie Lorentz ◽  
Hichem Omrani ◽  
Gaetan de Lanchy ◽  
Kristell Leduc
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
National Level ◽  
Negative Binomial Regression ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Annual Average ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Binomial Regression

Abstract Background The outbreak of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) began in Wuhan, China in December 2019 and was declared a global pandemic on 11 March 2020. This study aimed to assess the effects of temperature and long-term exposure to air pollution on the COVID-19 mortality rate at the sub-national level in France. Methods This cross-sectional study considered different periods of the COVID-19 pandemic from May to December 2020. It included 96 departments (or NUTS 3) in mainland France. Data on long-term exposure to particulate matter (PM2.5), annual mean temperature, health services, health risk, and socio-spatial factors were used as covariates in negative binomial regression analysis to assess their influence on the COVID-19 mortality rate. All data were obtained from open-access sources. Results The cumulative COVID-19 mortality rate by department increased during the study period in metropolitan France—from 19.8/100,000 inhabitants (standard deviation (SD): 20.1) on 1 May 2020, to 65.4/100,000 inhabitants (SD: 39.4) on 31 December 2020. The rate was the highest in the departments where the annual average of long-term exposure to PM2.5 was high. The negative binomial regression models showed that a 1 μg/m3 increase in the annual average PM2.5 concentration was associated with a statistically significant increase in the COVID-19 mortality rate, corresponding to 24.4%, 25.8%, 26.4%, 26.7%, 27.1%, 25.8%, and 15.1% in May, June, July, August, September, October, and November, respectively. This association was no longer significant on 1 and 31 December 2020. The association between temperature and the COVID-19 mortality rate was only significant on 1 November, 1 December, and 31 December 2020. An increase of 1 °C in the average temperature was associated with a decrease in the COVID-19-mortality rate, corresponding to 9.7%, 13.3%, and 14.5% on 1 November, 1 December, and 31 December 2020, respectively. Conclusion This study found significant associations between the COVID-19 mortality rate and long-term exposure to air pollution and temperature. However, these associations tended to decrease with the persistence of the pandemic and massive spread of the disease across the entire country.

scholarly journals Impact of long-term exposure to PM2.5 and temperature on coronavirus disease mortality: observed trends in France

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anastase Tchicaya ◽  
Nathalie Lorentz ◽  
Hichem Omrani ◽  
Gaetan de Lanchy ◽  
Kristell Leduc
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
National Level ◽  
Negative Binomial Regression ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Annual Average ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Binomial Regression

Abstract Background The outbreak of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) began in Wuhan, China in December 2019 and was declared a global pandemic on 11 March 2020. This study aimed to assess the effects of temperature and long-term exposure to air pollution on the COVID-19 mortality rate at the sub-national level in France.Methods This cross-sectional study considered different periods of the COVID-19 pandemic from May to December 2020. It included 96 departments (or NUTS 3) in mainland France. Data on long-term exposure to particulate matter (PM2.5), annual mean temperature, health services, health risk, and socio-spatial factors were used as covariates in negative binomial regression analysis to assess their influence on the COVID-19 mortality rate. All data were obtained from open-access sources.Results The cumulative COVID-19 mortality rate by department increased during the study period in metropolitan France—from 19.8/100,000 inhabitants (standard deviation (SD): 20.1) on 1 May 2020, to 65.4/100,000 inhabitants (SD: 39.4) on 31 December 2020. The rate was the highest in the departments where the annual average of long-term exposure to PM2.5 was high. The negative binomial regression models showed that a 1 µg/m³ increase in the annual average PM2.5 concentration was associated with a statistically significant increase in the COVID-19 mortality rate, corresponding to 24.4%, 25.8%, 26.4%, 26.7%, 27.1%, 25.8%, and 15.1% in May, June, July, August, September, October, and November, respectively. This association was no longer significant on 1 and 31 December 2020. The association between temperature and the COVID-19 mortality rate was only significant on 1 November, 1 December, and 31 December 2020. An increase of 1°C in the average temperature was associated with a decrease in the COVID-19-mortality rate, corresponding to 9.7%, 13.3%, and 14.5% on 1 November, 1 December, and 31 December 2020, respectively.Conclusion This study found significant associations between the COVID-19 mortality rate and long-term exposure to air pollution and temperature. However, these associations tended to decrease with the persistence of the pandemic and massive spread of the disease across the entire country.

scholarly journals Effect of weather on GP home visits: a cross-sectional study

2019 ◽  
Vol 69 (683) ◽  
pp. e430-e436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olaoluwa Oyawoye ◽  
Louise Marston ◽  
Melvyn Jones
Keyword(s):  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Home Visits ◽  
Negative Binomial Regression ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Temporal Variables ◽  
Binomial Regression ◽  
Day Of The Week ◽  
The Uk

BackgroundGPs in the UK conduct >13 million home visits each year. The visits, which are resource intensive, are usually to the frailest patients who are least resilient to adverse weather.AimTo explore the relationship between meteorological variables (temperature, rainfall, sunshine) and temporal variables (day of the week, season) with GP home visits (HVs).Design and settingA cross-sectional study using data provided by Herts Urgent Care for its GP acute in-hours visiting service and UK Meteorological (Met) Office weather data for the Herts & South East region of the UK.MethodThe association between the number of GP HVs and weather and temporal variables was explored using univariable and multivariable negative binomial regression.ResultsThere was a significant 0.4% decrease in HVs per degrees Celsius increase in minimum temperature (incidence rate ratio [IRR] 0.996, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.993 to 0.999), and a 0.4% decrease per hour increase in sunshine (IRR 0.996, 95% CI = 0.992 to 1.000), as well as significant decreases in weekday HVs compared with Mondays (Thursday IRR 0.824, 95% CI = 0.790 to 0.859). There were 6.2% fewer HVs in summer compared with winter (IRR 0.938, 95% CI = 0.902 to 0.975). Multivariable negative binomial regression showed non-significant relationships between meteorological variables and HVs, but a significant day-of-the-week relationship.ConclusionGP HVs increased on cold days and fell on sunnier days. The effect sizes were small so it is unlikely that there is any clinically significant effect of weather on HVs in this acute GP visit setting. A tentative conclusion might also be that GPs in this system can deliver care to frail housebound patients in most weather conditions.

scholarly journals Pitching Behaviors in Youth Baseball: Comparison With the Pitch Smart Guidelines

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 232596712110501
Author(s):  
Justin J. Greiner ◽  
Cameron A. Trotter ◽  
Brian E. Walczak ◽  
Scott J. Hetzel ◽  
Geoffrey S. Baer
Keyword(s):  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Negative Binomial Regression ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Baseball Players ◽  
Binomial Regression ◽  
Youth Baseball ◽  
Rate Ratios

Background: The Pitch Smart guidelines aim to limit youth baseball pitching behaviors associated with overuse injuries. Despite many youth baseball leagues being compliant with the guidelines, during tournaments, pitch count restrictions or guidelines are often not followed. Purpose: To perform a quantitative analysis of pitch counts in youth baseball players and evaluate compliance with regard to the Pitch Smart guidelines in the tournament setting. Study Design: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Included in the analysis were 100 youth baseball teams that competed in the 8-and-under to 14-and-under age divisions during the 2019 tournament season. Pitching data were compared with the Pitch Smart guidelines. Violations were identified as (1) exceeding maximum daily pitch count, (2) inadequate rest between pitching events, and (3) pitching more than 1 event on the same day. Pitcher and game factors were analyzed for possible relationships to guideline violations using mixed-effects negative binomial regression models, with comparisons of violations using rate ratios (RRs). Results: Analysis included 1046 pitchers and 2439 games. There were 1866 total Pitch Smart guideline violations, with 48.6% of pitchers having at least 1 violation. Inadequate rest was the most common reason for violation, with noncompliance occurring in 43.3% of pitchers. The highest rate of any violation (0.32 per appearance) occurred in the 8-and-under age division. High-volume pitchers had increased violation rates in each category compared with low-volume pitchers ( P < .001). Violation rates were increased more than twice the rate when pitchers participated in ≥5 consecutive games without a rest day when compared with a single game (RR, 2.48; P < .001). Conclusion: Noncompliance with Pitch Smart guidelines in tournament settings occurred in more than 90% of teams and almost half of all pitchers. Factors associated with noncompliance included younger pitcher age, high-volume pitching, and pitching in multiple consecutive games. Education of tournament directors, coaches, parents, and athletes regarding pitching guidelines is warranted in order to limit the risk of injury.

scholarly journals Factors associated with COVID-19 infections and mortality in Africa: a cross-sectional study using publicly available data

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. e042750
Author(s):  
Charles Okeahalam ◽  
Victor Williams ◽  
Kennedy Otwombe
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Negative Binomial Regression ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Life Expectancy At Birth ◽  
Services Delivery

IntroductionThe current COVID-19 pandemic is a global threat. This elicits questions on the level of preparedness and capacity of health systems to respond to emergencies relative to other parts of the world.MethodsThis cross-sectional study uses publicly available core health data for 53 African countries to determine risk factors for cumulative COVID-19 deaths and cases per million in all countries in the continent. Descriptive statistics were determined for the indicators, and a negative binomial regression was used for modelling the risk factors.ResultsIn sub-Saharan Africa, an increase in the number of nursing and midwifery personnel decreased the risk of COVID-19 deaths (p=0.0178), while a unit increase in universal healthcare (UHC) index of service coverage and prevalence of insufficient physical activity among adults increased the risk of COVID-19 deaths (p=0.0432 and p=0.0127). An increase in the proportion of infants initiating breast feeding reduced the number of cases per million (p<0.0001), while an increase in higher healthy life expectancy at birth increased the number of cases per million (p=0.0340).ConclusionDespite its limited resources, Africa’s preparedness and response to the COVID-19 pandemic can be improved by identifying and addressing specific gaps in the funding of health services delivery. These gaps impact negatively on service delivery in Africa, which requires more nursing personnel and increased UHC coverage to mitigate the effects of COVID-19.

scholarly journals Prevalensi Kejadian Penyakit Menular Seksual (HIV, Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, dan Sifilis) pada Wanita Penjaja Seks di Palembang

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-107
Author(s):  
Phey Liana ◽  
Venny Patricia ◽  
Catherine Ieawi ◽  
Calvin Ienawi
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Disease Control ◽  
Data Centers ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Centers For Disease Control ◽  
Anti Hiv

Data Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) tahun 2016 menunjukkan sekitar 110 juta orang menderita penyakit menular seksual (PMS). PMS sering kali dipandang sebelah mata, padahal dampaknya bagi kesehatan jangka panjang  cukup signifikan terutama pada wanita dan bayi,  seperti infertilitas, kelainan kongenital, kanker dan lain-lain. Penjaja seksual merupakan kelompok berisiko tinggi untuk tertular PMS. Karena itu, perlu diketahui prevalensi PMS terutama pada mereka yang berisiko tinggi (wanita penjaja seksual) sehingga dapat dibuat kebijakan  terkait program pengendalian dan pencegahan PMS. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah studi prevalensi dengan pendekatan survai klinis secara cross sectional. PMS yang dihitung prevalensinya pada penelitian ini adalah infeksi HIV, Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C dan sifilis. Serum dari subjek penelitian dikumpulkan dan diperiksa anti-HIV untuk infeksi HIV, anti-HCV untuk Hepatitis C, HbsAg untuk Hepatitis B dan VDRL untuk sifilis. Didapatkan prevalensi PMS pada wanita penjaja seksual di Palembang adalah sebagai berikut yaitu: HIV sebesar 4.9%, sifilis sebesar 3.3%, Hepatitis B sebesar 9.8% dan Hepatitis C sebesar 1.6%. Edukasi, sosialisasi terkait bahaya dan dampak dari PMS perlu dilakukan terutama pada mereka yang berisiko tinggi seperti pada wanita penjaja seksual sebagai bentuk dari program pengendalian dan pencegahan PMS.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document