How China's Employment Problems Became Trade Problems

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 1850204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Aaronson
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Rule Of Law ◽  
Supply Side ◽  
Demand Side ◽  
The Rule Of Law ◽  
The Law ◽  
Explicit Rule

This article focuses on the potential trade spillovers of Chinese policies to maintain employment and discusses how nations might work collaboratively at the WTO to address this problem. Chinese leaders are determined to maintain employment and have long ignored Chinese employment laws (as well as international law) that could empower workers. Chinese leaders have not made sufficient effort to either educate workers and managers about their rights and responsibilities under the law (demand side of the law) or to educate policymakers throughout China as to their enforcement obligations under the law (supply side). The failure to enforce these laws has distorted trade. Norms regarding the rule of law underpin the GATT/WTO but they are implicit. China became the first (but not only) nation to have explicit rule of law obligations. China was “required to enforce the rule of law throughout all of its territories.” I suggest a way in which WTO members can address this problem and at the same time provide incentives to China to improve its rule of law.

Part I Introduction, Ch.2 International Organizations and International Law

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peters Anne
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Rule Of Law ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Legal Environment ◽  
Access To Information ◽  
Legal Scholarship ◽  
The Rule Of Law ◽  
Procedural Law ◽  
The Law

This chapter provides an overview of the state of the art of legal thought about the international organizations (IOs) as legal entities in a legal environment. IOs are legal communities in a threefold sense: they are created by law, they use law as a means of governance, and they should be governed by the rule of law. Accordingly, international law constitutes, enables, and constrains IOs. The chapter shows that legal scholarship until the 1990s was primarily concerned with the constituting and enabling function of the law (thus securing the effectiveness of IOs), while the more recent legal concern is the constraining function of the law (thus improving the accountability of IOs). In the procedural law of organizations, a tryptichon of accountability procedures has been built: transparency, participation, and access to information.

The Paradox of “Just War” in Rousseau's Theory of Interstate Relations

2015 ◽  
Vol 109 (2) ◽  
pp. 314-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
BLAISE BACHOFEN
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Rule Of Law ◽  
Just War ◽  
The State ◽  
Interstate Relations ◽  
Law Of War ◽  
The Rule Of Law ◽  
External Relations ◽  
The Law ◽  
Utopian Theory

In theSocial Contract, Rousseau declares that he has given up the idea of discussing the “external relations” of states. Yet numerous texts—including a recently reconstituted work about the law of war—show that he thought very seriously about the question of the nature and origin of war and of the possibility of making war subject to the rule of law. Rousseau, in contrast to Hobbes, links war's appearance to that of the sovereign states; the state of war is therefore the necessary result of international relations. Moreover, he considers the international law as chimerical. How can he then conceive a non-utopian theory of “just war”? My hypothesis is that his conception of the law of war is deduced from principles of internal political law and arises from pragmatic necessity. The state that discredits itself in its manner of waging war weakens itself while believing that it is reinforcing itself.

scholarly journals Why judges need jurisprudence in cyberspace

Legal Studies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-278
Author(s):  
Chris Reed
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Rule Of Law ◽  
Legal System ◽  
Private International Law ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Rule Of Law ◽  
Internal View ◽  
National Legal System ◽  
The Law

AbstractJudges are increasingly asked to decide whether a rule of national law is applicable to a cyberspace actor who is not present in their jurisdiction, or whose activities do not clearly fall within the established understanding of the rule. They do this through interpreting the applicability and meaning of the law.Every attempt to enforce a national law makes a claim that the law has authority over the cyberspace actor. By accepting that claim, the judge asserts that the law's claim is legitimate. This is a Hartian exercise, adopting the internal view of the national legal system as the test for legitimacy.But in cyberspace the legitimacy of a national law claim is determined not by the internal perspective of the legal system but by the external perspective of cyberspace actors. A law will only have authority in cyberspace if it can convince cyberspace actors that its claim is legitimate. And a legal system which repeatedly makes illegitimate claims thereby weakens its status as a system which adheres to the rule of law.Judges can help solve this problem by interpreting laws and applying public and private international law so as to reject applicability claims which are illegitimate. To do this successfully, they need to understand the jurisprudential foundations of any law's authority in cyberspace.

Internationale Investitionen in Form von Gesellschaftsbeteiligungen

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philipp Berrsche
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Rule Of Law ◽  
International Treaties ◽  
International Treaty ◽  
The Rule Of Law ◽  
Investment Protection ◽  
The Past ◽  
Diplomatic Protection ◽  
Right Of Action ◽  
The Law

One of the most important differences between the investment protection law of the past, which is based on the law of diplomatic protection and customary aliens law, and modern investment protection law, which is based on a large number of international treaties, including international treaty provisions on the procedural enforcement of claims, is the question of whether, in addition to the company whose rights have been violated by state measures, its shareholders are also entitled to a legally enforceable claim for compensation under international law. The thesis is dedicated to the proof of the following theses: 1.) Foreign shareholders have a fundamental right of action, regardless of the amount and whether it is a direct or indirect shareholding. 2.) In order to guarantee that the principles of the rule of law are observed in mass proceedings, the existing ICSID-regulations need to be supplemented by "additional procedural rules" which have yet to be formulated.

LEGAL ESSENCE OF ANCIENT PROVERBS AND SAYS AND THEIR SOCIAL SIGNIFICANCE

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Dranishnikova ◽  
Ivan Semenov
Keyword(s):  
Public Sphere ◽  
Rule Of Law ◽  
Social Significance ◽  
The Rule Of Law ◽  
The Public ◽  
Moral Standards ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Public Sphere ◽  
Status Position

The national legal system is determined by traditional elements characterizing the culture and customs that exist in the social environment in the form of moral standards and the law. However, the attitude of the population to the letter of the law, as a rule, initially contains negative properties in order to preserve personal freedom, status, position. Therefore, to solve pressing problems of rooting in the minds of society of the elementary foundations of the initial order, and then the rule of law in the public sphere, proverbs and sayings were developed that in essence contained legal educational criteria.

Cardinal Richelieu between Vattel and Machiavelli

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony Carty
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
International Law ◽  
Rule Of Law ◽  
Natural Law ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
The Rule Of Law ◽  
God's Will ◽  
Legal Thought ◽  
Rule Of Reason

The view that no form of international law existed in seventeenth-century France, and that this time was a part of ‘prehistory’, and thus irrelevant for international legal thought today is challenged. In addition, the traditional claim of Richelieu to be an admirer of Machiavelli and his Ragion di Stato doctrine to the detriment of the aim of concluding treaties and keeping them (as sacred), is refuted by careful historical research. In Richelieu’s thinking, there is a role for law to play but it is law as justice, law in the classical natural law tradition. Those who rule are subject to the rule of law as justice, the rule of God, or the rule of reason. In Richelieu’s world, kings and ministers are rational instruments of the practical implementation of God’s will on earth.

International ethics and international law

1992 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terry Nardin
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
International Law ◽  
Rule Of Law ◽  
International Affairs ◽  
International Ethics ◽  
The Rule Of Law ◽  
Ethical Significance

In this paper I am going to argue a familiar but still controversial thesis about the relation between international ethics and international law, which I would sum up in the following list of propositions:First, international law is a source as well as an object of ethical judgements. The idea of legality or the rule of law is an ethical one, and international law has ethical significance because it gives institutional expression to the rule of law in international relations.Secondly, international law—or, more precisely, the idea of the rule of law in international relations—reflects a rule-oriented rather than outcome-oriented ethic of international affairs. By insisting on the priority of rules over outcomes, this ethic rejects consequentialism in all its forms.

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