scholarly journals DEVELOPMENT OF A MODEL FOR THE SELECTION OF NON-REVENUE WATER REDUCTION MEASURES IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES USING INTEGER PROGRAMMING

2016 ◽  
Vol 72 (6) ◽  
pp. II_277-II_288
Author(s):  
Shigeyuki MATSUMOTO ◽  
Hidetoshi KITAWAKI
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Integer Programming ◽  
Water Reduction ◽  
Non Revenue Water ◽  
Selection Of

scholarly journals Economic Growth and Income Inequality in Developing Countries

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 79-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morteza Nemati ◽  
Ghasem Raisi
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Income Inequality ◽  
Income Distribution ◽  
Economic System ◽  
Development Strategy ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Poverty Eradication ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Selection Of

Nowadays, improvement in income distribution and poverty eradication and hence low inequality are served as the main objectives of economic and social development strategy even prior than primary tasks of governments. to manifest importance of income distribution, some economists adopt income inequality and income distribution in society as criteria for economic system of the community, although these criteria and measures are theoretical for the economic system and this varies from the perspective of different people, however, it denotes on  importance of income distribution among individuals. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of economic growth on income inequality in the selection of low-income developing countries.To this end, using panel data and data for 28 developing countries over the period 1990-2010 the relationship between GDP and the Gini coefficient was examined. The results indicate that as per hypothesis Kuznets in the early stages of growth, income inequality increases and then it declines in later stage.

scholarly journals RESIKO PENULARAN INFEKSI DI RUANG AUTOPSI DAN PENERAPAN KEWASPADAAN UNIVERSAL

2015 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 228
Author(s):  
Citra Manela
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Medical Waste ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
Risk Of Infection ◽  
Universal Precaution ◽  
Infection Transmission ◽  
Medical Waste Management ◽  
Selection Of

AbstrakPeningkatan resiko penularan infeksi di ruang autopsi semakin meningkat. Hal ini terjadi karena peningkatan jumlah kasus korban meninggal yang terinfeksi penyakit terutama di negara berkembang. Beberapa studi menyatakan terjadinya peningkatan prevalensi HIV, hepatitis B, C, D dan G, tuberkulosis, penyakit Prion, Hantavirus, campak, infeksi bakteri atau HTCV pada pekerja di ruang autopsi. Penerapan kewaspadaan universal, termasuk standar OSHA, pemilihan disinfektan dan pengolahan limbah medis sangat penting diperhatikan untuk mencegah resiko terjadinya penularan infeksi. Tujuan penulisan tinjauan pustaka ini adalah mengetahui risiko penularan infeksi pada pekerja di ruang autopsi dan penerapan kewaspadaan universal. Penulisan ini berdasarkan studi kepustakaan yang terkait dengan dua topik ini. Penerapan kewaspadaan universal sangat diperlukan dalam pencegahan penularan penyakit infeksi pada pekerja di ruang autopsi yaitu meliputi penggunaan alat pelindung diri yang tepat, perilaku, tindakan mencegah infeksi, disinfeksi dan penanganan sampah medis yang sesuai aturan.AbstractThe risk of infection transmissions in autopsy room is increasing. This happens because the increase of the number of cases died affected by infectious disease, especially in developing countries. Several studies found an increase on the prevalence of HIV , Hepatitis B , C , D and G, Tuberculosis , Prion Disease , Hantavirus , Measles , Bacterial Infection or HTCV on workers in autopsy room .The application of universal precaution , including OSHA standards , the selection of disinfectant, medical waste management is very important to prevent the risk of the infection transmission. The aim of this review was to explain the risks of infection transmissions on workers in autopsy room and the application of universal precaution. Literatures on these two topics were evaluated. Application of universal precautions are very necessary in the prevention of transmission of infectious disease in workers in the autopsy room which includes the use of appropriate personal protective equipment, behaviors, actions to prevent infection, disinfection and treatment of medical waste according to the rules.

Selecting Demolition Waste Materials Disposal Alternatives Using Fuzzy TOPSIS Technique

2020 ◽  
pp. 730-750
Author(s):  
Mohamed Marzouk ◽  
Mohamed Abd El-Razek
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Fuzzy Topsis ◽  
Waste Materials ◽  
Multi Criteria Decision Making ◽  
Demolition Waste ◽  
Construction And Demolition Wastes ◽  
Topsis Technique ◽  
Selection Of

This article describes how in developing countries, millions of tons of construction and demolition wastes (CDWs) are lost every year due to lack of knowledge of recycling significance and/or procedures. Despite the high value of CDWs, high percentage of this waste is either dumped illegally or disposed in the landfills. Disposal methods should consider saving natural resources and maintaining the environmental conditions through maximizing the value of CDWs. This article aims at choosing the most sustainable disposal alternative using Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) Process, considering several sustainability measure indicators. The research introduces a list containing the most relevant and significant sustainable indicators that affect the selection of alternative for disposal of CDWs. Then, fuzzy TOPSIS technique is applied considering the significant indicators on each alternative to rank and choose the best alternative for disposal of CDWs.

Selecting Demolition Waste Materials Disposal Alternatives Using Fuzzy TOPSIS Technique

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 38-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Marzouk ◽  
Mohamed Abd El-Razek
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Fuzzy Topsis ◽  
Waste Materials ◽  
Multi Criteria Decision Making ◽  
Demolition Waste ◽  
Construction And Demolition Wastes ◽  
Topsis Technique ◽  
Selection Of

This article describes how in developing countries, millions of tons of construction and demolition wastes (CDWs) are lost every year due to lack of knowledge of recycling significance and/or procedures. Despite the high value of CDWs, high percentage of this waste is either dumped illegally or disposed in the landfills. Disposal methods should consider saving natural resources and maintaining the environmental conditions through maximizing the value of CDWs. This article aims at choosing the most sustainable disposal alternative using Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) Process, considering several sustainability measure indicators. The research introduces a list containing the most relevant and significant sustainable indicators that affect the selection of alternative for disposal of CDWs. Then, fuzzy TOPSIS technique is applied considering the significant indicators on each alternative to rank and choose the best alternative for disposal of CDWs.

Developing a non-revenue water reduction strategy: planning and implementing the strategy

2005 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Farley ◽  
R. Liemberger
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Companion Paper ◽  
Infrastructure Management ◽  
Reduction Strategy ◽  
Operational Policies ◽  
The World ◽  
Strategy Planning ◽  
Non Revenue Water ◽  
Tools And Techniques

A companion paper dealt with the tasks required to investigate and assess the components of non-revenue water (NRW). This is a necessary first step in a diagnostic approach to understanding the condition of the network, the way that it is operated, and the constraints acting upon it. This second part deals with the tasks and tools required to address the constraints, and to develop a strategy to reduce NRW which is practicable and achievable, and which can be adapted for any distribution network anywhere in the world. Not all utilities, particularly those in developing countries, have the luxury of a well-developed and efficiently managed network. The paper deals with the tasks required to upgrade the network, and to review and improve the operational policies and practices, before the tools and techniques to reduce NRW can be put in place. The paper discusses each step of the strategy and its development, from upgrading the network by improved infrastructure management and zoning, to the available techniques and equipment for monitoring and detecting real and apparent losses.

From Basic Rights to Full Access: Elements of Current Accessibility Practice in Developing Countries

2003 ◽  
Vol 1848 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoffel J. Venter ◽  
Thomas E. Rickert ◽  
David A. C. Maunder
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Research Program ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Significant Progress ◽  
Least Developed Countries ◽  
Generalized Framework ◽  
Selection Of

Improving access to transport systems and mobility of people with disabilities is a necessary element of alleviating poverty in developing countries. A selected overview of the progress made toward achieving improved access is provided. It is based on an ongoing 3-year research program on access needs and approaches in a selection of developing countries in Africa, Asia, and Latin America. A generalized framework is suggested for describing the progress made across different countries. Many least developed countries are at the bottom of a continuum of activities in which issues of human rights and access to basic mobility are still paramount. Others, such as countries in Latin America, have made significant progress on access issues in major cities and are faced with challenges of expanding improvements to noncore areas and to less well-regulated modes. The framework is used to suggest some critical priorities for countries at various levels of development.

Selection of the most suitable ultrafiltration membrane for water disinfection in developing countries

Desalination ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 168 ◽  
pp. 265-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.M. Arnal ◽  
M. Sancho ◽  
G. Verdú ◽  
J. Lora ◽  
J.F. Marín ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Ultrafiltration Membrane ◽  
Water Disinfection ◽  
Selection Of
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