scholarly journals A Study of the Household-wastewater Management in Hanoi City of Vietnam Focusing on Septic Tanks

2006 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 171-176
Author(s):  
Hidenori Harada ◽  
Saburo Matsui ◽  
Hoang Thi Trung Hieu ◽  
Pham Anh Tuan ◽  
Nguyen The Dong
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Management ◽  
Septic Tanks ◽  
Household Wastewater

Wastewater treatment in tsunami affected areas of Thailand by constructed wetlands

2007 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 69-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Brix ◽  
T. Koottatep ◽  
C.H. Laugesen
Keyword(s):  
Constructed Wetland ◽  
Subsurface Flow ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
System Capacity ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Polluted Water ◽  
Wastewater Management ◽  
Grey Water ◽  
Septic Tanks ◽  
Wetland System

The tsunami of December 2004 destroyed infrastructure in many coastal areas in South-East Asia. In January 2005, the Danish Government gave a tsunami relief grant to Thailand to re-establish the wastewater management services in some of the areas affected by the tsunami. This paper describes the systems which have been built at three locations: (a) Baan Pru Teau: A newly-built township for tsunami victims which was constructed with the contribution of the Thai Red Cross. Conventional septic tanks were installed for the treatment of blackwater from each household and its effluent and grey water (40 m3/day) are collected and treated at a 220 m2 subsurface flow constructed wetland. (b) Koh Phi Phi Don island: A wastewater collection system for the main business and hotel area of the island, a pumping station and a pressure pipe to the treatment facility, a multi-stage constructed wetland system and a system for reuse of treated wastewater. The constructed wetland system (capacity 400 m3/day) consists of vertical flow, horizontal subsurface flow, free water surface flow and pond units. Because the treatment plant is surrounded by resorts, restaurants and shops, the constructed wetland systems are designed with terrains as scenic landscaping. (c) Patong: A 5,000 m2 constructed wetland system has been established to treat polluted water from drainage canals which collect overflow from septic tanks and grey water from residential areas. It is envisaged that these three systems will serve as prototype demonstration systems for appropriate wastewater management in Thailand and other tropical countries.

scholarly journals Wyposażenie obszarów wiejskich w systemy odprowadzania ścieków na przykładzie gmin powiatu olsztyńskiego

2018 ◽  
Vol 105 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-67
Author(s):  
Mirosława Witkowska-Dąbrowska
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Wastewater Management ◽  
Local Data ◽  
Local Approach ◽  
Septic Tanks ◽  
Statistical Measures ◽  
The Town

The purpose of the study was to evaluate, in a local approach, the state of supply of rural areas in a rural district with household wastewater management systems, with the focus on home wastewater treatment plants. The study covered the rural areas of the district of Olsztyn. The data, which were acquired from the Bank of Local Data, were processed through basic mathematical transformations and statistical measures. The structure and intensity indices were calculated per 1,000 residents. Large differences were found in the access to linear infrastructure and to individual systems of wastewater discharge. The results showed a constant increase in the number of home wastewater treatment plants and septic tanks due to the constant influx of people to villages lying around the town of Olsztyn. In contrast to studies conducted on a regional scale, no decrease in the number of septic tanks was observed correlated with the growing number of home wastewater treatment plants. A possible reason can be the specific environmental conditions and protection of inland waters, which limit possible locations of home wastewater treatment plants.

Consumer managed co-operative - a solution for progressing wastewater management in rural areas

2004 ◽  
Vol 48 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 385-391
Author(s):  
H. Mattila ◽  
E. Santala ◽  
J. Aho
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Wastewater Management ◽  
Technical Solution ◽  
Water Services ◽  
Treatment Methods ◽  
Septic Tanks ◽  
Professional Assistance ◽  
The Moment

In Finland the question of appropriate wastewater treatment in rural areas has become very prominent during the last years. The new Environmental Protection Act stipulates that wastewaters must be treated to the extent that they cannot have a negative impact on nature. The Ministry of the Environment is currently preparing a decree specifying the requirements. The draft of the decree proposes that on-site treatment units should decrease the BOD load by 90, total phosphorus load by 85 and total nitrogen load by 40 per cent. To meet the new requirements, the old systems that include septic tanks only need more efficient wastewater treatment methods. Whatever technical solution is selected, the house owner must pay for it. At the moment, even the septic tanks are emptied and maintained irregularly. More sophisticated wastewater treatment methods definitely need more maintenance, which cannot be made the sole duty of the house owners. One potential organisational alternative for managing wastewater treatment in rural areas is the co-operative. Finland has one such pioneering co-operative formed for on-site sanitation. Varsinais-Suomi Water Services Co-operative provides the house owner with professional assistance in wastewater treatment at a reasonable cost. Suvisaari Water Services Co-operative is another new organisation selling sewerage services to its members. But its technology is different: this co-operative operates an LPS-sewerage system instead of on-site treatment.

scholarly journals Cost-effectiveness of nitrogen mitigation by alternative household wastewater management technologies

2015 ◽  
Vol 150 ◽  
pp. 344-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison Wood ◽  
Michael Blackhurst ◽  
Troy Hawkins ◽  
Xiaobo Xue ◽  
Nicholas Ashbolt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Wastewater Management ◽  
Household Wastewater

scholarly journals Assessment of sanitary infrastructures and polluting loads in Pojuca river (Brazil)

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Collivignarelli ◽  
V. De Felice ◽  
V. Di Bella ◽  
S. Sorlini ◽  
V. Torretta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Wastewater Management ◽  
Salvador Da Bahia ◽  
Septic Tanks ◽  
Urban Sewage ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Drinking Purposes

This study was carried out to quantitatively and qualitatively investigate sources of water pollution in Pojuca river basin, in order to define ameliorative interventions. The basin of Pojuca river is located in Recôncavo Norte region, immediately northwards from Salvador da Bahia, capital city of Bahia State (Brazil). River Pojuca is the main water body of the region and it represents a very important potential source of water to be used for drinking purposes, in order to face the rapidly growing population of Salvador da Bahia Metropolitan Area. According to previous studies, its quality did not meet the minimum standards set for surface water withdrawn for potabilization treatment in 2000. In the present study, the most polluting activities have been identified as urban sewage discharges. Wastewater management coverage rate ranged between 30 and 90% in a high number of municipalities in the basin. Wastewaters were commonly discharged on the soil or into it (by means of septic and rudimental tanks) and also urban sewage systems, where existing, often did not convey wastewaters to treatment plants. Polluting loads were estimated according to a methodology elaborated during the study. The estimation was based on the data collected by the authors through field visits and the ones available in the federal databases (updated to year 2007). It allowed to establish that diffuse loads were major than point loads: point discharges were quite rare, whereas pipelines discharging in water bodies and infrastructures such as septic or rudimental tanks were widespread. Treatment plants and septic tanks presented small removal efficiencies of nutrients. This justified also the high organic and microbiological concentrations registered in the river as well as the high content of nutrients. Water quality could be improved in order to meet standards for drinking purposes by building new wastewater treatment plants or upgrading the existing ones. In particular, in urban areas dynamic systems for wastewater collection and treatment plants should be built, whereas in rural areas scattered households should be provided with septic tanks.

scholarly journals A Review of On-Site Wastewater Treatment Systems in Western Australia from 1997 to 2011

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Gunady ◽  
Natalia Shishkina ◽  
Henry Tan ◽  
Clemencia Rodriguez
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Local Authority ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Wastewater Management ◽  
Department Of Health ◽  
Household Wastewater ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Systems ◽  
Management Issues

On-site wastewater treatment systems (OWTS) are widely used in Western Australia (WA) to treat and dispose of household wastewater in areas where centralized sewerage systems are unavailable. Septic tanks, aerobic treatment units (ATUs), and composting toilets with greywater systems are among the most well established and commonly used OWTS. However, there are concerns that some OWTS installed in WA are either performing below expected standards or failing. Poorly performing OWTS are often attributed to inadequate installation, inadequate maintenance, poor public awareness, insufficient local authority resources, ongoing wastewater management issues, or inadequate adoption of standards, procedures, and guidelines. This paper is to review the installations and failures of OWTS in WA. Recommendations to the Department of Health Western Australia (DOHWA) and Local Government (LG) in regard to management strategies and institutional arrangements of OWTS are also highlighted.

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