Estimated Patient Dose Indexes in Adult and Pediatric MDCT: Comparison of Automatic Tube Voltage Selection With Fixed Tube Current, Fixed Tube Voltage, and Weight-Based Protocols

2015 ◽  
Vol 205 (3) ◽  
pp. 592-598 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark E. Baker ◽  
Wadih Karim ◽  
Jennifer A. Bullen ◽  
Andrew N. Primak ◽  
Frank F. Dong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Patient Dose ◽  
Tube Voltage ◽  
Tube Current ◽  
Automatic Tube Voltage Selection

Attenuation-based Automatic Tube Voltage Selection and Tube Current Modulation for Dose Reduction at Contrast-enhanced Liver CT

Radiology ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 265 (2) ◽  
pp. 437-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyung Hee Lee ◽  
Jeong Min Lee ◽  
Sung Kyoung Moon ◽  
Jee Hyun Baek ◽  
Ji Hoon Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dose Reduction ◽  
Tube Current Modulation ◽  
Tube Voltage ◽  
Current Modulation ◽  
Liver Ct ◽  
Contrast Enhanced ◽  
Tube Current ◽  
Automatic Tube Voltage Selection

scholarly journals Analisa Penerimaan Dosis Radiasi Permukaan Kulit pada Pemeriksaan Radiografi Thorax Proyeksi Postero Anterior (PA)

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-48
Author(s):  
Darmini Darmini ◽  
Arum Dwi Afriyani ◽  
Dwi Rochmayanti
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Patient Dose ◽  
Tube Voltage ◽  
Reference Dose ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Optimization Principle ◽  
Tube Current ◽  
Chest Examination ◽  
Analyze Data

Background:Increasing tube voltage which balanced with decreasing tube current and exposure time, it can decrease patient dose. base on optimization principle of radiation protection and radiation safety, it must be some effort in order to make patient dose minimally as it needed to get diagnostic information. The purpose of this research are to find out radiation dose on kV which usually use in Radiology Departement, radiation dose on kV with higher than usual, and two find out radiation dose acceptance on both of technique was appropriate with reference dose that set by BAPETEN.Methods : Type of this research was quantitative research with experimental approach. This research took place in laboratory 2 JTRR Semarang. This research had been done by illumination chest phantom which completed with TLD (Thermoluminisense Dosimeter) placed correct on central point on MSP (Mid Sagital Plane) as level as angulus inferior scapulae. Analyze data had been shown used  tables by average accounting, compare between acceptance radiation dose on kV which usually use in Radiology Departement and on kV with higher than usual, and compare result radiation dose with reference dose that set by BAPETEN.Results :The result of this research shown that there was difference acceptance radiation dose entrance skin on chest examination in postero-anterion projection on  tube voltage which usually use in Radiology Departement, radiation dose on  tube voltage with higher than usual. The average value of radiation dose on kV usually use in Radiology Departement was 0,059 mGy, while on tube voltage with higher than usual the average value of radiation dose was 0.020 mGy. The result of testing that used kV with higher than usual, acceptance radiation dose entrance skin which accepted was lower than on tube voltage usually use in Radiology Departement. The result of radiation dose on tube voltage usually use in Radiology Departement although used tube voltage with higher than usual, its value were lower than reference dose, it was 0,4 mGy that set by BAPETEN.Conclusion : Based on these results, using a higher tube voltage than is usually very useful to reduce the radiation dose received by the patient, then this technique should be applied in Radiology for the examination of the thorax with the PA that has a projection plane X-ray modality with high capability above 100 kV.

scholarly journals Evaluation of tube current modulation programms for the optimization of scan protocols in computed tomography

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. A. Chipiga
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Image Quality ◽  
Patient Dose ◽  
Tube Current Modulation ◽  
Ct Image ◽  
Tube Voltage ◽  
Current Modulation ◽  
Tube Current ◽  
Patient Doses ◽  
Patient Dose Reduction

Computed tomography (CT) is commonly associated with relatively high patient doses. In order to keep the patient doses from the CT examinations on the acceptable level it is necessary to apply the principle of optimization. An essential part of optimization is the achievement of the compromise between the patient dose reduction and the maintenance of the image quality that provides accurate diagnostic information. The aim of the study was to determine the relations between the patient doses, CT image quality and the parameters of the tube current modulation program (Auto mA, CareDose and DoseRight) for the examination of the chest. The study was performed on the three most common modern tomographs in Russia: Ingenuity Core 128, Philips; Optima 64, General Electric; Definition AS, Siemens. The anthropomorphic phantom Lungman (Kyoto Kagaku CO., LTD) was used in the study. In order to assess the tube current modulation for the range of tube voltage (80–120 kV), the reference mA∙s (ref. mAs), Noise Index (NI) and Dose Right Index (DRI) were changed for the CareDose (Siemens), Auto mA (GE) and RightDose (Philips),  respectively. Estimation of the effective dose was performed using the method from Methodical guidance 2.6.1.2944-11 (MU 2.6.1.2944-11). In order to evaluate the image quality, the noise of a CT image in the mediastinum was selected as the most homogenous for chest region. It was estimated, that for the GE units with Auto mA, the noise of CT image had a liner relationship with NI; the patient dose decreased with the increase of NI. For the Siemens units with CareDose, the noise of CT image decreased with the ref.mAs for the range of tube voltage (80–120 kV); the patient dose was directly proportional to the ref.mAs and increased with the tube voltage. For the Philips units with DoseRight, the noise of CT image decreased with the DRI for the range of tube voltage (80–120 kV); the patient dose was directly proportional to the DRI and had no dependence on the tube voltage. The tube current modulations are proprietary for each manufacturer; it is necessary to consider  them for the protocol development. The obtained dependences could be useful for optimization of CT protocols. 

Effects of x-ray exposure on NOR and NAND flash memories during high-resolution 2D and 3D x-ray inspection

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 (1) ◽  
pp. 000660-000665
Author(s):  
Anju Sharma ◽  
Preeth Sivakumar ◽  
Andrew Feigel ◽  
In Tae Bae ◽  
Lawrence P. Lehman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exposure Time ◽  
Flash Memory ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Memory Devices ◽  
Nand Flash ◽  
Flash Memories ◽  
Tube Voltage ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Data Corruption ◽  
Tube Current

Abstract In this paper, we present a detailed study on the effects of x-ray exposure on data corruption in commercially available NOR and NAND flash memory devices during x-ray inspection with a high-resolution Phoenix Nanomex system from GE. We investigated role of the x-ray tube voltage, tube current, device orientation, x-ray filters and photon energy. We explored the low exposure regime in detail when the first byte errors start occurring and also determined the absorbed dose for 100% byte errors. No data corruption was observed after the normal 2D x-ray inspection and CT scans of the NOR and NAND flash memory devices under study. However, increase in the tube voltage, tube current and/or the x-ray beam size resulted in byte errors which increased exponentially with the exposure time. The byte error rate was found to be much more sensitive to the tube voltage than the tube current. It was also affected by the device orientation with respect to the x-ray beam. The NAND flash memories were found to be more susceptible to data corruption from x-ray exposure than the NOR devices examined in this work. Some NOR devices were irradiated with the monochromatic x-rays from the CHESS synchrotron facility at Cornell University. Of all the photon energies used in this study, 12 keV x-ray irradiation resulted in the highest byte error rate. In this paper, we thus present a direct proof that it is the low-energy photon absorption that plays a major role in introducing bit errors in flash memories. Commonly available low-energy x-ray filters such as Cu and Al foils were found to be effective in preventing data corruption in such devices for long exposure time. Use of lower tube voltage, lower tube current, smaller x-ray spot size, short exposure time and low-energy x-ray filters, is recommended to prevent data corruption during 2D and 3D x-ray inspection of flash memory devices and other semiconductor devices in general.

New Rotating Anode X-Ray Generator For XAFS Experiments

1995 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 149-153
Author(s):  
Kenji Sakurai
Keyword(s):  
High Vacuum ◽  
Lanthanum Hexaboride ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Tube Voltage ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Low Tube Voltage ◽  
Tube Current ◽  
Sample Position ◽  
Good Energy ◽  
X Ray Absorption

A high-power X-ray generator equipped with a lanthanum hexaboride cathode has been developed for X-ray absorption fine structure experiments. A high tube-current of more than 1,000 mA can be provided when operated at low tube-voltage of less than 20 kV. In addition, the focal width is narrow enough (less than 0.1 mm) to ensure good energy resolution. Extremely intense monochromatic X-rays (106 ∼ 107 counts/(sec.mm2) at the sample position), which are completely free from higher order harmonics and tungsten contamination lines, are available, when a Johansson-type spectrometer is employed. The filament life has been significantly prolonged by the high vacuum specification of the tube.

SU-E-I-30: Effect of Automatic Tube Voltage Selection and Reconstruction Method On CT Dose Reduction

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (6Part6) ◽  
pp. 3248-3248
Author(s):  
K Kanal ◽  
F Pedroza ◽  
D Zamora ◽  
J Moirano ◽  
J Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Dose Reduction ◽  
Reconstruction Method ◽  
Tube Voltage ◽  
Ct Dose ◽  
Automatic Tube Voltage Selection
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