scholarly journals Optimasi Sintesis Hydroxypropyl Methyl Cellulose (HPMC) dari Kulit Koro Pedang Putih (Canavalia ensiformis L. (DC)

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 395
Author(s):  
Yanti Nopiani ◽  
Agnes Murdiati ◽  
Widiastuti Setyaningsih
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Methyl Cellulose ◽  
Water Holding Capacity ◽  
Box Behnken Design ◽  
Canavalia Ensiformis ◽  
Hydroxypropyl Methyl Cellulose ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Water Holding

Kulit koro pedang putih dapat digunakan sebagai sumber selulosa. Salah satu alternatif untuk meningkatkan aplikasi selulosa adalah dengan memodifikasi selulosa menjadi produk turunan selulosa yaitu Hydroxypropyl Methyl Cellulose (HPMC). Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah melakukan optimasi terhadap sintesis dan karkaterisasi HPMC dari selulosa kulit koro pedang putih. Proses optimasi didahului dengan kajian literatur untuk menentukan kisaran titik percobaan dengan variabel terikat berupa molar subtitusi (MS) dan Derajat Subtitusi (DS). Diperoleh titik percobaan dengan variasi konsentrasi NaOH (5, 22,5, dan 40%), variasi Dimetil Sulfat (DMS) (40, 80, dan 120%), dan variasi Proilen Oksida (PO) (80, 120, dan 160%). Kemudian optimasi sintesis HPMC dilakukan dengan mengunakan Box-Behnken design (BBD) lalu dianalisis menggunakan Response Surface Methodology (RSM) Berikutnya HPMC dikarakterisasi meliputi molar subtitusi (MS), Derajat Subtitusi (DS), water holding capacity (WHC), oil holding capacity (OHC), lightness, rendemen, kristalinitas dan spektra FT-IR untuk mengetahui gugus fungsi HPMC. Hasil optimasi sintesis HPMC dari selulosa kulit koro pedang putih berdasakan RSM diperoleh titik optimum pada konsentrasi NaOH 23,11%, DMS 43,4% dan PO 81,8%. dengan karakterisasi kadar air 9,04% (wb); MS 0,15; DS 1,18; WHC 2,20 g/g; OHC 2,09 g/g; lightness 90,93; rendemen 114,78% dan kristalinitas 64%. Spektra FT-IR HPMC koro pedang putih terbaca pada bilangan gelombang 2924 cm-1 (CH dan CH2 Streching), 1373 cm-1 (CH3 Bonding), 1118 cm-1 (C-O-C), 1319 cm-1 (O-H Plane Bonding) dan 848, 68 cm-1 (C-O-C pada 1,4 β glikosidic linkage) yang merupakan ciri khas dari gugus fungsional HPMC.

Optimization of Goose Meat Composite Tender Agent by Response Surface Methodology

2011 ◽  
Vol 480-481 ◽  
pp. 1525-1529
Author(s):  
Hai Yan Gao ◽  
Ya Ping Xu ◽  
Han Jun Ma ◽  
Run Shu Pan ◽  
Bin Li
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Calcium Chloride ◽  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Water Holding Capacity ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Breast Meat ◽  
Water Holding

In this study, the goose meat was used as raw material and the formula of composite tender agent was optimized by Response Surface Methodology. Goose breast meat were soaked with exogenous protease of plants, phosphate and Ca2+ for 3 hours at 2 °C. The influence of different composite tender agent on the water-holding capacity was examined by statistical response surface methodology (RSM). The result showed that papain 6.16 U/g, compound phosphate 0.308 % and calcium chloride 0.133 % was helpful to increase the tenderization of goose breast. The results of our study would be used to improve the tenderness of goose meat and increase economic efficiency of goose industry.

Optimisation of the Oil Extraction from Nigella sativa Seeds Using Response Surface Methodology

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 331-336
Author(s):  
Gabriela Isopencu ◽  
Mirela Marfa ◽  
Iuliana Jipa ◽  
Marta Stroescu ◽  
Anicuta Stoica Guzun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Nigella Sativa ◽  
Polynomial Equation ◽  
Herbaceous Plant ◽  
Box Behnken Design ◽  
Pareto Analysis ◽  
Black Cumin ◽  
Mediterranean Countries ◽  
Experimental Values

Nigella sativa, also known as black cumin, an annual herbaceous plant growing especially in Mediterranean countries, has recently gained considerable interest not only for its use as spice and condiment but also for its healthy properties of the fixed and essential oil and its potential as a biofuel. Nigella sativa seeds fixed oil, due to its high content in linoleic acid followed by oleic and palmitic acid, could be beneficial to human health. The objective of this study is to determine the optimum conditions for the solvent extraction of Nigella sativa seeds fixed oil using a three-level, three-factor Box-Behnken design (BBD) under response surface methodology (RSM). The obtained experimental data, fitted by a second-order polynomial equation were analysed by Pareto analysis of variance (ANOVA). From a total of 10 coefficients of the statistical model only 5 are important. The obtained experimental values agreed with the predicted ones.

scholarly journals Optimization of Crude Oil and PAHs Degradation by Stenotrophomonas rhizophila KX082814 Strain through Response Surface Methodology Using Box-Behnken Design

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Praveen Kumar Siddalingappa Virupakshappa ◽  
Manjunatha Bukkambudhi Krishnaswamy ◽  
Gaurav Mishra ◽  
Mohammed Ameenuddin Mehkri
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Inoculum Size ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Oil Removal ◽  
Box Behnken Design ◽  
Stenotrophomonas Rhizophila ◽  
Crude Oil Removal

The present paper describes the process optimization study for crude oil degradation which is a continuation of our earlier work on hydrocarbon degradation study of the isolate Stenotrophomonas rhizophila (PM-1) with GenBank accession number KX082814. Response Surface Methodology with Box-Behnken Design was used to optimize the process wherein temperature, pH, salinity, and inoculum size (at three levels) were used as independent variables and Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon, Biological Oxygen Demand, and Chemical Oxygen Demand of crude oil and PAHs as dependent variables (response). The statistical analysis, via ANOVA, showed coefficient of determination R2 as 0.7678 with statistically significant P value 0.0163 fitting in second-order quadratic regression model for crude oil removal. The predicted optimum parameters, namely, temperature, pH, salinity, and inoculum size, were found to be 32.5°C, 9, 12.5, and 12.5 mL, respectively. At this optimum condition, the observed and predicted PAHs and crude oil removal were found to be 71.82% and 79.53% in validation experiments, respectively. The % TPH results correlate with GC/MS studies, BOD, COD, and TPC. The validation of numerical optimization was done through GC/MS studies and   % removal of crude oil.

Studies of kerf width and surface roughness using the response surface methodology in AA 4032–TiC composites

2021 ◽  
pp. 095440892110414
Author(s):  
TS Senthilkumar ◽  
R Muralikannan ◽  
T Ramkumar ◽  
S Senthil Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Metal Matrix ◽  
Electrical Discharge ◽  
Electrical Discharge Machining ◽  
Kerf Width ◽  
Wire Electrical Discharge Machining ◽  
Box Behnken Design ◽  
Pulse On Time

A substantially developed machining process, namely wire electrical discharge machining (WEDM), is used to machine complex shapes with high accuracy. This existent work investigates the optimization of the process parameters of wire electrical discharge machining, such as pulse on time ( Ton), peak current ( I), and gap voltage ( V), to analyze the output performance, such as kerf width and surface roughness, of AA 4032–TiC metal matrix composite using response surface methodology. The metal matrix composite was developed by handling the stir casting system. Response surface methodology is implemented through the Box–Behnken design to reduce experiments and design a mathematical model for the responses. The Box–Behnken design was conducted at a confident level of 99.5%, and a mathematical model was established for the responses, especially kerf width and surface roughness. Analysis of variance table was demarcated to check the cogency of the established model and determine the significant process. Surface roughness attains a maximum value at a high peak current value because high thermal energy was released, leading to poor surface finish. A validation test was directed between the predicted value and the actual value; however, the deviation is insignificant. Moreover, a confirmation test was handled for predicted and experimental values, and a minimal error was 2.3% and 2.12% for kerf width and surface roughness, respectively. Furthermore, the size of the crater, globules, microvoids, and microcracks were increased by amplifying the pulse on time.

Experimental Studies Using Response Surface Methodology for Condition Monitoring of Ball Bearings

2010 ◽  
Vol 132 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. S. Patil ◽  
Jose Mathew ◽  
P. K. Rajendrakumar ◽  
Sumit Karade
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Interaction Effect ◽  
Damage Identification ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Design Procedure ◽  
Defect Size ◽  
Ball Bearings ◽  
Box Behnken Design ◽  
Outer Race

The presence of defect in the bearing (outer race, inner race, or ball) results in increased vibrations. Time domain indices such as rms, crest factor, and kurtosis are some of the important parameters used to monitor the condition of the bearing. Radial load and operating speed also have an important role in bearing vibrations. The interaction between the defect size, load, and speed helps to study their effect on vibrations more effectively. Response surface methodology (RSM) is a combination of statistical and mathematical techniques to represent the relationship between the inputs and the outputs of a physical system. But so far, the literature related to its application in bearing damage identification is scarce. The proposed study uses RSM to study the influence of defect size, load, and speed on the bearing vibrations. Kurtosis is used as response factor. Experiments are planned using Box Behnken design procedure. Experiments are performed using 6305 ball bearings and the results have been presented. MINITAB statistical software is used for analysis. It is seen from the analysis of the experimental results that the defect size, interaction effect of defect size and load, and interaction effect of defect size and speed are significant. Response surface method using Box Behnken design and analysis of variance has proved to be a successful technique to assess the significant factors related to bearing vibrations.

scholarly journals Development of poly(vinyl alcohol)-based membranes by the response surface methodology for environmental applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. e5
Author(s):  
Juliana Zanol Merck ◽  
Camila Suliani Raota ◽  
Jocelei Duarte ◽  
Camila Baldasso ◽  
Janaina Da Silva Crespo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Citric Acid ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Acid Concentration ◽  
Vinyl Alcohol ◽  
Membrane Preparation ◽  
Poly Vinyl Alcohol ◽  
Esterification Reaction ◽  
Citric Acid Concentration ◽  
Ft Ir

The pollution of hydric sources by pharmaceuticals is an issue in many countries, particularly in Brazil. The presence of these substances causes deleterious effects on the environment and human health. One of the main sources of this contamination is domestic sewage, due to the expressive amount of medicines released in their unaltered form. Unfortunately, traditional wastewater treatment is not effective for the removal of pharmaceuticals and, for this reason, membrane technology is an attractive alternative to overcome this issue. In this regard, hydrophilic polymers, such as poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), are the most suitable. However, their high affinity with water causes intense swelling, leading to severe modifications in the membrane properties. In view of all these facts, the present work evaluated the swelling of PVA-based membranes, with the aim of finding the membrane preparation method that has the lowest swelling, thereby providing the most suitable characteristics for pharmaceutical removal from wastewater. The membranes were prepared by the casting of a polymeric solution, with PVA as a basis polymer, citric acid as a crosslink agent and glycerol and silver nanoparticles as performance additives. The process optimization was performed using a design of experiments with posterior analysis by the response surface methodology (RSM). The RSM assessed the effect on the membrane swelling of the factors, including citric acid concentration and the time and temperature of crosslinking. The membrane characterization was performed by Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy coupled with a field emission gun (SEM-FEG) and water contact angle (WCA) measurements. Overall, the condition that showed the lowest swelling was obtained with 10% of citric acid and crosslinking for 4 h at 130 °C. Under these conditions, the membrane had a mass swelling of 42% and a dimensional swelling of 24%. Additionally, our statistical analysis revealed that the factors with the dominant effects were the citric acid concentration and the temperature of crosslinking. The FT-IR analysis suggested that the crosslinking occurred by an esterification reaction, as showed by the stretching frequencies of C=O at 1710 cm-1 and ester C-O at 1230 cm-1. Moreover, the SEM-FEG images revealed a smooth and flat surface and a dense cross section with a thickness of ~113 μm. Concerning the WCA, the angle was at ~80°, which is characteristic of hydrophilic materials. Finally, the data suggested that it is possible to optimize the membrane preparation process with adequate properties so that it can be subsequently applied to the removal of pharmaceuticals from hospital wastewater.

scholarly journals Optimization of ultrasonic-assisted extraction of inulin from Jerusalem artichoke

2019 ◽  
Vol 78 ◽  
pp. 02007
Author(s):  
Lina Yang ◽  
Hongyun Zhang ◽  
Jinghang Huang ◽  
Yafan Zhao ◽  
Danshi Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Jerusalem Artichoke ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Ultrasonic Power ◽  
Hot Water Extraction ◽  
Box Behnken Design ◽  
Assisted Extraction ◽  
Ultrasonic Assisted ◽  
Ultrasonic Assisted Extraction

An efficient ultrasonic-assisted extraction of inulin from Jerusalem artichoke was investigated by Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The results showed that the yield of ultrasonic-assisted extraction was 62.07 ± 0.39% over the microwave (40.85 ± 0.28%) and hot water extraction (27.42 ± 0.42%). The Box-Behnken Design (BBD) was used to optimize the effects of three parameters (temperature-X1, ultrasonic power-X2 and time-X3) on inulin yield. Analysis of variance showed that the contributions of X1, X3, X12, X13, X22 were significant. The optimal yield of inulin was 82.93 ± 1.03% at 82 °, 120 W and 18 min.

Optimization of myco-synthesized silver nanoparticles by response surface methodology employing Box-Behnken design

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 33-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamed Barabadi ◽  
Soheila Honary ◽  
Pouneh Ebrahimi ◽  
Ahad Alizadeh ◽  
Farzaneh Naghibi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Box Behnken Design
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