scholarly journals Integrative Assessment of Pb and Cd Pollution in Porong Estuaries Using Sediment Chemistry, Bioavailability, and Bioconcentration Factor

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 464
Author(s):  
Barlah Rumhayati ◽  
Catur Retnaningdyah
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Bioconcentration Factor ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Sediment Chemistry ◽  
Risk Assessment Code ◽  
Bcr Sequential Extraction ◽  
Medium Risk ◽  
Integrative Assessment ◽  
Sequential Extraction Method

The aims of the research were to perform an integrative assessment of high metal pollution in Porong Estuary by determining (i) the distribution of heavy metals fraction in sediment, (ii) the potential risk of sediment to the metal bioavailability, and (iii) the bioaccumulation factor of heavy metals in benthic. Fractionation of heavy metals in the sediments was carried out by the European Community Bureau of Reference (BCR) sequential extraction method. The potential risk of sediment was determined from RAC (risk assessment code) value. Bioconcentration factor was determined based on the ratio of the concentration of heavy metals in benthic to the concentration of bioavailable metals from sediments. Heavy metal concentrations were measured using AAS. The results showed that non-resistant Pb and Cd was higher than resistant fractions. As a non-resistant fraction, Pb was found mostly as fraction 2, i.e., metal fraction adsorbed on the surface of the iron oxy/hydroxide sediment (34.5 ± 4.9%). Cd was more prevalent as fraction 3, i.e., an organic bound fraction (29.0 ± 1.8%). Furthermore, Porong Estuary sediments had medium risk for contributing the bioavailable Cd in the water bodies based on the RAC (15.6 ± 1.8%). Based on the bioconcentration factor, accumulation of Cd and Pb was low (48.00 ± 7.62% for BCF-Cd and 32.29 ± 6.90% for BCF-Pb). Based on the results above, it could be concluded that the Porong Estuary water bodies have not been polluted by Pb and Cd released from the aquatic sediment.

scholarly journals Reforestation Impacted Soil Heavy Metal Fractionation and Related Risk Assessment in the Karst Area, Southwest China

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 891
Author(s):  
Qian Zhang ◽  
Guilin Han ◽  
Xingliang Xu
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Southwest China ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Contamination Factor ◽  
Karst Area ◽  
Risk Assessment Code ◽  
Bcr Sequential Extraction ◽  
Soil Heavy Metals

Human agricultural activities have resulted in widespread land degradation and soil contamination in the karst areas. However, the effects of reforestation after agricultural abandonment on the mobility risks and contamination of heavy metals have been rarely reported. In the present study, six soil profiles were selected from cropland and abandoned cropland with reforestation in the Puding karst regions of Southwest China. The Community Bureau of Reference (BCR) sequential extraction method was used to evaluate the compositions of different chemical fractions of soil heavy metals, including Fe, Mn, Cr, Zn, Ni, and Cd. The total contents of Cr, Ni, Zn, Cd, and Mn in the croplands were significantly higher than those in the abandoned croplands. For all soils, Cr, Ni, Zn, and Fe were mainly concentrated in the residual fractions (>85%), whereas Mn and Cd were mostly observed in the non-residual fractions (>65%). The non-residual fractions of Cd, Cr, Ni, and Zn in the croplands were higher than those in the abandoned croplands. These results indicated that the content and mobility of soil heavy metals decreased after reforestation. The individual contamination factor (ICF) and risk assessment code (RAC) showed that Cd contributed to considerable contamination of karst soils. The global contamination factor (GCF) and potential ecological risk index (RI) suggested low contamination and ecological risk of the investigated heavy metals in the croplands, moreover they can be further reduced after reforestation.

scholarly journals Chemical Speciation and Mobility of Heavy Metals in Soils Around Nasara Sack and Packaging Company Akwanga, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 5379-5386
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Amuntse Yerima ◽  
B.N. Hikon ◽  
C.V. Ogbodo ◽  
H. Ataitiya ◽  
J.D. Ani
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Risk Assessment Code ◽  
Mobility Factor ◽  
Nickel Cobalt ◽  
Medium Risk ◽  
Iron Nickel ◽  
Test Soil ◽  
Heavy Metals In Soils

This study quantified and assessed the mobility of iron, nickel, cobalt and lead in soils around a sack and packaging company using indices such as mobility factor and risk assessment code. The results evaluating the mobility factor of heavy metals in soils around the sack and packaging company reveal that all the metals determined exceed the minimum limit of 10% mobility factor and are mobile with the mobility factor being in the order of: Ni > Pb > Co > Fe in the test soil. The risk assessment of heavy metals in the area based on risk assessment code ranged from low risk to medium risk (1-30%) where the risk level of the heavy metals is in the order:  Co > Ni > Pb > Fe in the test soil.

Study of Heavy Metal Speciation in Surface Sediments of Lugu Lake, China

2013 ◽  
Vol 448-453 ◽  
pp. 293-298
Author(s):  
Zheng Gang Gu ◽  
Min Wu ◽  
Ping Ning
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Sequential Extraction ◽  
Surface Sediment ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Metal Mobility ◽  
Risk Assessment Code ◽  
Bcr Sequential Extraction ◽  
Lugu Lake

The speciation of the heavy metals Cu, Cr, and Pb in surface sediment samples collected from Lugu Lake in China was analyzed by European Community Bureau of Reference (BCR) sequential extraction methods. Heavy metal bioavailability was assessed by risk assessment code. This study demonstrates that BCR sequential extraction methods and risk assessment code can be used as valuable tools to assess heavy metal mobility, bioavailability and eco-toxicity. The distribution of Cu, Cr, and Pb in the surface sediment of Lugu Lake showed that all three metals were mainly present in the reducible fraction. The bioavailability of the heavy metals in the surface sediment was in the order Cu > Cr > Pb.

scholarly journals Comparison of the Possibilities of Environmental Usage of Sewage Sludge from Treatment Plants Operating with MBR and SBR Technology

Membranes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 722
Author(s):  
Robert Kowalik ◽  
Jolanta Latosińska ◽  
Monika Metryka-Telka ◽  
Rafał Porowski ◽  
Jarosław Gawdzik
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Risk Assessment Code ◽  
Bcr Sequential Extraction ◽  
Accumulation Index

Sewage sludge from sewage treatment plants has soil-forming and fertilising properties. However, sewage sludge cannot always be used in nature, including agriculture. One of the main reasons is the concentration of heavy metals. Sludge from wastewater treatment plants operating in MBR (membrane biological reactor) and SBR (sequential batch reactor) systems was analysed. Studies comparing the risk analysis of the natural use of sludge from MBR and SBR treatment plants were performed for the first time, due to the fact that more and more MBR plants, which are a BAT technology, are being developed in Poland, displacing the classical SBR plants. MBR technology uses a combination of activated sludge and filtration with microfiltration membranes. Wastewater treated in these reactors meets the highest quality standards, both in terms of physicochemical and microbiological aspects. This paper presents studies on the mobility of heavy metals in sewage sludge carried out using the BCR sequential extraction method. Geo-accumulation index (GAI), potential environmental risk index (ER), risk assessment code (RAC), and environmental risk determinant (ERD) were calculated. Heavy metals dominated the stable fractions in all cases. Furthermore, an increased content of copper and cadmium was observed in the MBR sludge. This fact is favourable in view of the efforts to eliminate heavy metals in the environment.

scholarly journals Distribution and Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Sediment from Bohai Bay, China

Minerals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baolin Liu ◽  
Wensi Zhang ◽  
Guangxi Chi
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Local Environment ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
Residual Fraction ◽  
Bohai Bay ◽  
Risk Assessment Code ◽  
Bcr Sequential Extraction ◽  
The Core

Sediment core and porewater samples from the Western coastal tidal flat in Bohai Bay, China, were collected for meals and physical-chemical properties analysis. The vertical distribution characteristics of eight metals along the core was investigated based on 137Cs and 210Pb radionuclide dating. The chemical fractions of six metals (Cu, Pb, Zn, Ni, Mn and Cd) were also measured based on the modified European Community Bureau of Reference (BCR) sequential extraction procedures to better understand the mobility and bioavailability of these metals in the sediment. In addition, geoaccumulation index (Igeo) and risk assessment code (RAC) are used to assess risk status of these metals in the environment. 210Pb measurement indicates a sedimentation rate of about −1.87 cm∙year−1. The metals Cu, Zn, Pb and Ni show similar vertical distributions throughout the core, while Mn and Cd show different distribution patterns. Ni, Cu, Pb and Zn are strongly associated with the residual fraction while Mn and Cd are dominant in the acid-soluble fraction. According to the estimated diffusive fluxes, the Zn ions were the most mobilized, followed by Cu, Ni, Pb, and to a lesser extent Cd. The result of Igeo shows that Ni in sediments does not reflect any pollution, and Cu, Pb and Zn are in a level from unpolluted to modest polluted throughout the core. Mn and Cd have obvious anthropogenic sources. Based on the RAC, Cd and Mn pose a high to very high risk to the local environment, respectively, due to the significant percentage of exchangeable fraction. Clay content is significantly positively correlated with Ni, Cu, Al and Fe, and Cu, Pb, Zn and Ni might originate from the same sources or be influenced by similar geochemical processes. River runoff and atmospheric deposition are important sources for heavy metals, and since 1998, domestic sewage discharge might have had an important influence on the source of heavy metals (except for Cd and Mn).

Competitive adsorption of heavy metals in soil underlying an infiltration facility installed in an urban area

2009 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 303-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Hossain ◽  
H. Furumai ◽  
F. Nakajima
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Competitive Adsorption ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Speciation Analysis ◽  
Batch Adsorption ◽  
Elevated Concentration ◽  
Bcr Sequential Extraction ◽  
Soil System ◽  
Sequential Extraction Method ◽  
Underlying Soil

Accumulation of heavy metals at elevated concentration and potential of considerable amount of the accumulated heavy metals to reach the soil system was observed from earlier studies in soakaways sediments within an infiltration facility in Tokyo, Japan. In order to understand the competitive adsorption behaviour of heavy metals Zn, Ni and Cu in soil, competitive batch adsorption experiments were carried out using single metal and binary metal combinations on soil samples representative of underlying soil and surface soil at the site. Speciation analysis of the adsorbed metals was carried out through BCR sequential extraction method. Among the metals, Cu was not affected by competition while Zn and Ni were affected by competition of coexisting metals. The parameters of fitted ‘Freundlich’ and ‘Langmuir’ isotherms indicated more intense competition in underlying soil compared to surface soil for adsorption of Zn and Ni. The speciation of adsorbed metals revealed less selectivity of Zn and Ni to soil organic matter, while dominance of organic bound fraction was observed for Cu, especially in organic rich surface soil. Compared to underlying soil, the surface soil is expected to provide greater adsorption to heavy metals as well as provide greater stability to adsorbed metals, especially for Cu.

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