scholarly journals Review Study on Location Plan of Temporary Shelter for Tsunami Disaster in Kuta Bay of Central Lombok

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 243
Author(s):  
Adi Mawardin
Keyword(s):  
Wave Propagation ◽  
Arrival Time ◽  
Tsunami Wave ◽  
Historical Record ◽  
Tectonic Activity ◽  
Evacuation Simulation ◽  
Tsunami Disaster ◽  
Magnitude Variation ◽  
Run Up ◽  
Tsunami Run Up

Historical record showed in 1977, tsunami attacked Lombok and caused extensive damages due to tectonic activity. Kuta Bay located in the southern area of Lombok has a high risk of earthquake and tsunami, thus mitigation plan on tsunami attack is very important. This study aimed to determine the arrival time, run-up height of tsunami and the coverage areas, so it could be used to determine the temporary shelter location (Tempat Evakuasi Sementara-TES). Simulation of the tsunami wave propagation used the TUNAMI modified (beta version) program with three scenarios of earthquake magnitude variation (Mw), namely 7.7, 8.1, 8.3, and 7.9 (based on the Sumba earthquake event in 1977). Field surveys, questionnaire distributions, and interviews were used in determining input parameters of Tsunami Evacuation Simulation (Simulasi Evakuasi Tsunami-SET) by using 2011 EVACUWARE 1.0 version. Tsunami wave propagation simulation showed the tsunami arrival time on Kuta Bay ranged between 21 - 38 minutes. Tsunami run-up height was about 1.01 - 8.71 meters along Kuta Bay, with the farthest distance of inundation was 860 meters from the seashore. The percentage of survivors based on SET results in scenario 1 and 2 for 20 minutes of evacuation time were respectively, 63.62% and 93.27%.

scholarly journals Study on Analytical Modelling of Tsunami Wave Propagation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasmin Regina M ◽  
Syed Mohamed E
Keyword(s):  
Wave Propagation ◽  
Arrival Time ◽  
Tsunami Wave ◽  
Wave Train ◽  
Deep Ocean ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
The People ◽  
Run Up ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Tsunami Amplitude

Modelling of tsunami wave propagation plays a vital role in forecasting of disastrous tsunami. The earlier identification and prediction of tsunami provides more time for taking preventive measures and evacuation. On December 26, 2004, massive destruction of lives and properties due to tsunami increases the needs to develop a fast and accurate modelling of tsunami wave propagation. The modelling of waves provide the amplitude of tsunami, speed, arrival time and power of the wall of water and also run up distance and height. It also used to predict vulnerable buildings to tsunami. In this paper describes the modelling of tsunami wave propagation from generation to run-up. Numerical and analytical methods used for modelling and simulation. Tsunami is serious of wave (wave train) which has a long wavelength >500 km and celerity of wave more than 800 km/hr in deep ocean and in shallow coast, their wavelength and celerity diminishes but the amplitude of wave increases above 30m. The scope of this study is to determine the areas which are going to hit by tsunami, amplitude of wave and their arrival time for early forecasting and alert the people within a short time after an earthquake happened.

scholarly journals Tsunami wave propagation by voronoi diagram

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 1233
Author(s):  
V Yuvaraj ◽  
S Rajasekaran ◽  
D Nagarajan
Keyword(s):  
Wave Propagation ◽  
Voronoi Diagram ◽  
Tsunami Wave ◽  
Fast Marching Method ◽  
Coastal Regions ◽  
Fast Marching ◽  
Tsunami Waves ◽  
The Finite Difference Method ◽  
Run Up ◽  
Marching Method

Cellular automata is the model applied in very complicated situations and complex problems. It involves the Introduction of voronoi diagram in tsunami wave propagation with the help of a fast-marching method to find the spread of the tsunami waves in the coastal regions. In this study we have modelled and predicted the tsunami wave propagation using the finite difference method. This analytical method gives the horizontal and vertical layers of the wave run up and enables the calculation of reaching time.  

Analisis Pemodelan Tinggi dan Waktu Tempuh Gelombang Tsunami di Pesisir Pantai Bengkulu dengan Menggunakan Data Historis Gempa Bengkulu 12 september 2007

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 52
Author(s):  
Dwi Pujiastuti ◽  
Rahmad Aperus ◽  
Rachmad Billyanto
Keyword(s):  
Travel Time ◽  
Historical Data ◽  
Tide Gauge ◽  
Disaster Mitigation ◽  
Tsunami Modeling ◽  
Tsunami Modelling ◽  
Tsunami Disaster ◽  
Run Up ◽  
Tsunami Run Up ◽  
Coast Region

<p class="ISI"><strong>Abstract</strong> Tsunami modeling research has been done on the coast of Bengkulu using software L-2008 and Travel Time Tsunami (TTT). Earthquake historical data that used in this research is the earthquake in Bengkulu on September 12, 2007 which is obtained from BMKG and the USGS. This research is aimed to determine the height (run up) and travel time of the tsunami on the coast of Bengkulu as the tsunami disaster mitigation efforts. Tsunami modelling has been done by validate the run up using tide gauge  data in the area of Padang, Muko-Muko, and Kaur.  In this research used magnitude scenario are 8 M<sub>w</sub>, 8.5 M<sub>w</sub> and 9 M<sub>w</sub>. Local tsunami effect observed were 10 areas along the coast region Bengkulu. Tsunami modeling of Bengkulu in September 12, 2007 results the run up value which is close to the run up value of the measurements. From the modelling result obtained that the quickest area impacted by the tsunami is Enggano Island   which is 27  minutes 46  seconds from earthquake.  The highest tsunami run up value is located in the Bengkulu city. The run up values by using the scenario of magnitude 8M<sub>w</sub> is  2.07 m, 8.5 M<sub>w</sub> is  4.05 m and 9 M<sub>w</sub> is 9.83 m.</p><p class="54IsiAbstractCxSpFirst"> </p><p class="54IsiAbstractCxSpLast"><strong>Keywords:</strong>   tsunami, modelling, software L-2008, software TTT, run up</p><p class="ISICxSpFirst"><strong> </strong></p><p class="ISICxSpLast"><strong>Abstrak</strong> Telah dilakukan penelitian pemodelan tsunami di pesisir Pantai Bengkulu dengan menggunakan <em>software</em><em> </em>L-2008 dan <em>Travel Time Tsunami </em>(TTT). Data historis gempa bumi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah gempa bumi Bengkulu 12 September 2007 yang diperoleh dari BMKG dan USGS. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan tinggi (<em>run up</em>) dan waktu tempuh gelombang tsunami di pesisir Pantai Bengkulu sebagai upaya mitigasi bencana tsunami. Sebagai validasi digunakan data <em>run up </em>stasiun <em>tide gauge yang </em>berlokasi di Padang, Muko-muko dan Kaur. Dalam penelitian ini dilakukan pemodelan tsunami untuk mengestimasi tinggi <em>run up</em><em> </em>dan waktu tempuh penjalaran gelombang tsunami menggunakan skenario magnitudo 8 M<sub>w</sub>, 8,5 M<sub>w</sub> dan 9 M<sub>w</sub>. Sebagai titik tinjau digunakan 10  daerah di sepanjang pantai wilayah Bengkulu. Hasil pemodelan menunjukkan  bahwa nilai <em>run up</em>  tsunami  yang diperoleh mendekati nilai <em>run up</em> hasil pengukuran. Daerah dengan waktu tercepat dihantam gelombang tsunami adalah Pulau Enggano dengan waktu tempuh 27 menit dan 46 detik. <em>Run up</em> tertinggi terjadi di  Kota Bengkulu. dengan  nilai <em>run up</em> yang diperoleh adalah 2,07 m untuk skenario 8 M<sub>w</sub>, 4,05 untuk skenario 8,5 M<sub>w  </sub>dan9,83 m untuk skenario 9 M<sub>w</sub>.</p><p><strong> </strong></p><p><strong>Kata kunci:</strong> :tsunami, pemodelan, <em>software </em>L-2008, <em>software </em>TTT, <em>run up</em></p>

Numerical Simulation of Tsunami Run-Up and Inundation for the 2011 Tōhuku-Oki Tsunami: A Parametric Analysis for Tsunami Run-Up and Wave Height

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debashis Basu ◽  
Robert Sewell ◽  
Kaushik Das ◽  
Ron Janetzke ◽  
Biswajit Dasgupta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wave Propagation ◽  
Wave Height ◽  
Seismic Waves ◽  
Source Model ◽  
Tsunami Source ◽  
Computational Framework ◽  
Wave Amplification ◽  
Source Models ◽  
Run Up ◽  
Tsunami Run Up

This paper presents computational results for predicting earthquake-generated tsunami from a developed integrated computational framework. The computational framework encompasses the entire spectrum of modeling the earthquake-generated tsunami source, open-sea wave propagation, and wave run-up including inundation and on-shore effects. The present work develops a simplified source model based on pertinent local geologic and tectonic processes, observed seismic data (i.e., data obtained by inversion of seismic waves from seismographic measurements), and geodetic data (i.e., directly measured seafloor and land deformations). These source models estimated configurations of seafloor deformation used as initial waveforms in tsunami simulations. Together with sufficiently accurate and resolved bathymetric and topographic data, they provided the inputs needed to numerically simulate tsunami wave propagation, inundation and coastal impact. The present work systematically analyzes the effect of the tsunami source model on predicted tsunami behavior and the associated variability for the 2011 Tōhuku-Oki tsunami. Simulations were carried out for the 2011 Tōhuku -Oki Tsunami that took place on March 11, 2011, from an MW 9.1 earthquake. The numerical simulations were performed using the fully nonlinear Boussinesq hydrodynamics code, FUNWAVE-TVD (distributed by the University of Delaware). In addition, a sensitivity analysis was also carried out to study the effect of earthquake magnitude on the predicted wave height. The effect of coastal structure on the wave amplification at the shore is also studied. Simulated tsunami results for wave heights are compared to the available observational data from GPS (Global Positioning System) at the central Miyagi location.

scholarly journals Numerical Investigations of Tsunami Run-Up and Flow Structure on Coastal Vegetated Beaches

Water ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1776 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongxing Zhang ◽  
Mingliang Zhang ◽  
Tianping Xu ◽  
Jun Tang
Keyword(s):  
Wave Propagation ◽  
Numerical Model ◽  
Peak Flow ◽  
Tsunami Wave ◽  
Coastal Vegetation ◽  
Coastal Forest ◽  
Governing Equations ◽  
Tsunami Waves ◽  
Run Up ◽  
Sloping Beach

Tsunami waves become hazardous when they reach the coast. In South and Southeast Asian countries, coastal forest is widely utilized as a natural approach to mitigate tsunami damage. In this study, a depth-integrated numerical model was established to simulate wave propagation in a coastal region with and without forest cover. This numerical model was based on a finite volume Roe-type scheme, and was developed to solve the governing equations with the option of treating either a wet or dry wave front boundary. The governing equations were modified by adding a drag force term caused by vegetation. First, the model was validated for the case of solitary wave (breaking and non-breaking) run-up and run-down on a sloping beach, and long periodic wave propagation was investigated on a partially vegetated beach. The simulated results agree well with the measured data. Further, tsunami wave propagation on an actual-scale slope covered by coastal forest Pandanus odoratissimus (P. odoratissimus) and Casuarina equisetifolia (C. equisetifolia) was simulated to elucidate the influence of vegetation on tsunami mitigation with a different forest open gap. The numerical results revealed that coastal vegetation on sloping beach has significant potential to mitigate the impacts from tsunami waves by acting as a buffer zone. Coastal vegetation with open gaps causes the peak flow velocity at the exit of the gap to increase, and reduces the peak flow velocity behind the forest. Compared to a forest with open gaps in a linear arrangement, specific arrangements of gaps in the forest can increase the energy attenuation from tsunami wave. The results also showed that different cost-effective natural strategies in varying forest parameters including vegetation collocations, densities, and growth stages had significant impacts in reducing the severity of tsunami damage.

scholarly journals Hydrodynamics of Palu Bay during the Event of 2018 Palu Earthquake and Tsunami

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Semeidi Husrin ◽  
Fatimah Yasmin Azahra ◽  
Joko Prihantono ◽  
Armyanda Tussadiah ◽  
Rizal Abida
Keyword(s):  
Arrival Time ◽  
High Tide ◽  
Hydrodynamic Characteristics ◽  
Submarine Landslides ◽  
Tsunami Simulation ◽  
Sea Levels ◽  
Run Up ◽  
Tsunami Run Up ◽  
2018 Sulawesi Earthquake ◽  
The City

The devastation of coastal area in Palu Bay few minutes after the September 28th, 2018 Sulawesi earthquake showed high variation of tsunami arrival time as well as the tsunami run-up and inundation. Recent findings showed that both local submarine landslides and the normal-slip components inside the Palu Bay may contribute to the generation of tsunami. However, the fact that the event occurred during high tide, the hydrodynamic characteristics of this narrow bay and their role in the dynamics of the generated of tsunami were unknown. Hydrodynamics simulation (Mike21-flow model) using the latest available bathymetry field data (the 2018 deep water of the Indonesian navy data and 2015 shallow water of the BIG data) was conducted to investigate the variation of sea levels and tidal currents within the bay during the event of earthquake and tsunami or within the first 8 minutes timeframe. Results showed that significant increase of water elevation up to 6 cm and current velocity up to 1 cm/s directed towards the city of Palu were observed that may contribute to the dynamics of the tsunami e.g. the speed of tsunami arrival time and the transformation of tsunami. Therefore, considering that multiple tsunami arrivals were in few minutes after the earthquakes, the hydrodynamics of Palu Bay during the event should also be considered in future tsunami simulation scenarios.

scholarly journals Estimates of Amplitude Characteristics of Tsunami Wave Run-Up in Various Areas of the Black Sea Coast

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Yu. Belokon ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Wave Propagation ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Tsunami Wave ◽  
Computational Modelling ◽  
Wave Model ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Tsunami Propagation ◽  
Tsunami Waves ◽  
Run Up

This paper is devoted to computational modelling of tsunami wave propagation and runup to the shore for some points on the Russian, Turkish, Bulgarian and Ukrainian coasts of the Black Sea. The nonlinear long wave model was used to solve the problem of wave propagation from hydrodynamic tsunami sources, which can constitute the greatest potential danger for the studied coast areas. The hydrodynamic sources were set in the form of an elliptical elevation, the parameters of which were chosen according to the sea level response to an underwater earthquake of magnitude 7. All the sources were located in seismically active areas, where tsunamigenic earthquakes had already occurred, along the 1500 m isobath. Near each of the studied points in the area above 300 m depths, we calculated marigrams, i.e. time-series of sea level fluctuations caused by the passage of waves. Then, a one-dimensional problem of tsunami propagation and run-up on the coast was solved for each of the points under study, where the obtained marigrams were used as boundary conditions. Peculiarities of tsunami wave propagation have been shown depending on the bottom and land relief in the studied areas of the Black Sea. Estimates have been obtained of the sea level maximum rise and fall during surge and subsequent coastal drainage for the characteristic scales of relief irregularity at different points. For possible tsunamigenic earthquakes, the largest splashes may occur in the region of Yalta (2.15 m), Cide (1.9 m), Sevastopol (1.4 m), and Anapa (1.4 m). Tsunami propagation in the Feodosiya and Varna coastal areas is qualitatively similar, with maximum wave heights of 0.64 m and 0.46 m, respectively. The coastlines of Evpatoriya (0.33 m) and Odessa (0.26 m) are least affected by tsunami waves due to the extended shelf.

scholarly journals Effective coastal boundary conditions for tsunami wave run-up over sloping bathymetry

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 987-1005 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Kristina ◽  
O. Bokhove ◽  
E. van Groesen
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Condition ◽  
Wave Propagation ◽  
Shallow Water ◽  
Tsunami Wave ◽  
Nonlinear Phenomena ◽  
Tsunami Propagation ◽  
Effective Boundary ◽  
Daunting Task ◽  
Effective Boundary Condition ◽  
Run Up

Abstract. An effective boundary condition (EBC) is introduced as a novel technique for predicting tsunami wave run-up along the coast, and offshore wave reflections. Numerical modeling of tsunami propagation in the coastal zone has been a daunting task, since high accuracy is needed to capture aspects of wave propagation in the shallower areas. For example, there are complicated interactions between incoming and reflected waves due to the bathymetry and intrinsically nonlinear phenomena of wave propagation. If a fixed wall boundary condition is used at a certain shallow depth contour, the reflection properties can be unrealistic. To alleviate this, we explore a so-called effective boundary condition, developed here in one spatial dimension. From the deep ocean to a seaward boundary, i.e., in the simulation area, we model wave propagation numerically over real bathymetry using either the linear dispersive variational Boussinesq or the shallow water equations. We measure the incoming wave at this seaward boundary, and model the wave dynamics towards the shoreline analytically, based on nonlinear shallow water theory over bathymetry with a constant slope. We calculate the run-up heights at the shore and the reflection caused by the slope. The reflected wave is then influxed back into the simulation area using the EBC. The coupling between the numerical and analytic dynamics in the two areas is handled using variational principles, which leads to (approximate) conservation of the overall energy in both areas. We verify our approach in a series of numerical test cases of increasing complexity, including a case akin to tsunami propagation to the coastline at Aceh, Sumatra, Indonesia.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document