scholarly journals Evaluasi Galur Harapan Padi Hitam (Oryza sativa L.) Berdaya Hasil Tinggi dan Berumur Genjah

Vegetalika ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 94
Author(s):  
Sholeh Udin Al Ghifari ◽  
Supriyanta Supriyanta ◽  
Kristamtini Kristamtini ◽  
Panjisakti Basunanda ◽  
Taufan Alam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Lattice Design ◽  
Simple Lattice

Padi merupakan komoditas pangan penting dunia. Salah satu jenis padi adalah padi hitam yang saat ini belum banyak direkayasa, sehingga daya hasilnya rendah dengan umur yang panjang. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui karakter agronomi galur harapan padi hitam berdaya hasil tinggi dan berumur genjah. Percobaan dilaksanakan di Pusat Inovasi Agro Teknologi (PIAT) Universitas Gadjah Mada di Kalitirto, Berbah, Kabupaten Sleman, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta pada bulan Maret-Agustus 2018. Bahan penelitian yang digunakan adalah 17 galur harapan padi dan 1 kultivar unggul lokal. Rancangan percobaan lapangan yang digunakan adalah Kisi Sederhana (Simple Lattice Design) dengan 3 ulangan. Setiap galur harapan ditanam pada plot berukuran 5x1,2 m dengan jarak tanam 20×30 cm, secara inling (1 bibit perlubang tanam) dengan umur pindah tanam 21 hari. Variabel pengamatan berupa komponen agronomi, komponen hasil dan karakter fisik gabah dan beras. Analisis varians dilakukan untuk variabel kuantitatif dengan taraf nyata α = 5%. dilanjutkan dengan uji Scott Knott. Hasil penelitian menunjukan karakter agronomi galur harapan padi hitam secara umum serupa dengan karakter agronomi galur harapan padi putih dan padi merah terkait dengan variabel tinggi tanaman sedang (lebih dari 110 cm), anakan produktif sedang (10-20 buah), umur panen sedang (125-150 HSS), panjang malai (20-30 cm), jumlah gabah per malai kurang dari 250 biji. Daya hasil galur harapan padi hitam P2 (4,10±0.27 ton/hektare) dan XI (3,95±0.45 ton/hektare) lebih tinggi dari varietas unggul lokal Sleman Merah (3,84±0.50 ton/hektare. Galur harapan padi hitam W (116±0.33 HSS) memiliki kategori umur panen genjah. 

scholarly journals Comportamiento de híbridos de maíz intersintéticos generados de selección recíproca recurrente.

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 131
Author(s):  
S. K. Vasal ◽  
N. Vergara ◽  
S. McLean
Keyword(s):  
Marked Decrease ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Yield Performance ◽  
Maize Germplasm ◽  
Lattice Design ◽  
Simple Lattice ◽  
Single Cross ◽  
Attractive Option ◽  
Per Se ◽  
National Programs

The populations 21 (Tuxpeño) and 32 (Eto Blanco) are known to be heterotic and are being improved using a modified interpopulation improvement system. In this study, synthetics with 3, 6, 9 and 12 lines were developed from each population and then intercrossed in a design-2 mating system to generate 16 intersynthetic hybrids. The 16 intersynthetic hybrids, 8 parcntal synthetics, and a single cross hybrid entry as a control were evaluated in four localities in a 5 x 5 simple lattice design with 4 replications. The yield performance of synthetics from Eto and Tuxpeño involving 6- 12 lines and the 3-lines Tuxpeño synthetics was similar (5.8 - 6.3 t/ha). However, the 3-1ine Eto synthctic registered a marked decrease in yield (5.1 t/ha). The bettcr parent heterosis of intersynthetic hybrids ranged from 11.1 to 29.6%. Usually, crosses among synthetics involving a fewer lines resulted in higher heterosis compared to synthetic crosses involving more than 3 lines. The results suggest that intersynthetic hybrids formed from 6 - 9 lines seem more appealing considering the level of heterosis (>20.0%) and a high yield per se of parental varieties. The intersynthetic hybrids offer an attractive option for those national programs with newly initiated hybrid projects, for creating hybrid -oriented maize germplasm and inbred line development.

scholarly journals Using genealogy to improve selection efficiency of pedigree method

2008 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Airton Rodrigues Nunes ◽  
Alexsander Luís Moreto ◽  
Magno Antonio Patto Ramalho
Keyword(s):  
Selection Efficiency ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
Linear Unbiased Prediction ◽  
Lattice Design ◽  
Simple Lattice ◽  
Best Linear Unbiased ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Opposite Extreme

In the pedigree method of conducting an autogamous population of segregating plants, the genealogy of the progenies is registered. Although labor-intensive, these data are rarely used. One possibility of exploiting this information is to improve selection efficiency using BLUP (Best Linear Unbiased Prediction). In this study BLUP with genealogy inclusion was compared to the mean in the progenies evaluation conducted by the pedigree method. Progenies of crosses of the common bean lines BRS MG Talismã and BRS Valente in F4:6 and F4:7 were used. The 256 F4:6 progenies were sown in February 2005, in southeast of Brazil, in a 16 <FONT FACE=Symbol>´</FONT> 16 simple lattice design. The grain yield data were subjected to BLUP analysis with inclusion of genealogy. Based on this analysis and the mean, the 30 progenies with best and worst performance were selected. These 60 F4:7 progenies were classified in relation to the origin, i.e., selected by BLUP, mean, or BLUP and mean and coincident results were obtained. In the selection for best performance, the efficiency of BLUP was 2.4% higher than the mean. In the selection for the opposite extreme, BLUP analysis was however not advantageous. The progenies <FONT FACE=Symbol>´</FONT> environments interaction indicates the need for an evaluation of the progenies in different environments before beginning selection.

scholarly journals Genotype by environment analysis of rice (Oryza sativa L.) populations under drought stressed and well-watered environments

2020 ◽  
pp. 259-262
Author(s):  
Lourine Chebet Bii ◽  
Kahiu Ngugi ◽  
John M. Kimani ◽  
George N. Chemining’ wa
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
Physiological Maturity ◽  
Lattice Design ◽  
Gge Biplots

In Kenya, the key abiotic stress affecting rice production is drought stress which is experienced mainly during reproductive phase of the crop. This study evaluated the performance of Kenyan rice populations including 19 generation of crosses, 6 parental and 5 checks under well-watered and drought stressed environment with the aim of identifying the phenotypic traits that confer drought tolerance in rice. The 19 generation of crosses were in F3 when they were evaluated in the short rains season and later advanced to F4 in the long rains season. Nineteen generation of crosses rice (Oryza sativa L.) lines, six parental and five check lines were evaluated for response to drought under drought stressed and well-watered environment. The study was conducted over two seasons in the year 2016/2017 at Kenya Agricultural Livestock Research Organization (KALRO) -Mwea Centre. The experiment was set up in an alpha lattice design with three replications. Drought stress was imposed at panicle initiation by withholding irrigation till physiological maturity meanwhile the well-watered environment continued to enjoy the recommended irrigation regime from planting to physiological maturity. Yield data were scored for drought tolerance. AMMI analysis of variance for grain yield showed that genotypes from crosses of crosses of SARO5XNERICA11, NERICA2XSARO5 and NERICA15XSARO5 expressed high grain yield. AMMI stability Variance (ASV) showed genotypes NERICA15, Duorado Precoce and progenies from crosses of NERICA11XNERICA2, SARO5XKomboka and NERICA2XNERICA11 expressed high stability in both well-watered and drought-stressed environment. GGE analysis showed that Principal Components (PC1) and PC2 accounted for 96.46% and 3.54%, respectively. GGE biplots showed that genotypes from crosses SARO5XNERICA11 and NERICA15XSARO5 were the most stable and high yielding. GGE biplots ranked the rice lines as follows: those above average in performance, the stable ones, unstable and those below average in performance. SARO5XNERICA11 is worth of selection due to its high mean yield value and is stable across the mega-environments.

scholarly journals Aptitud combinatoria y predicción de híbridos de maíz (Zea mays L.) de grano amarillo a partir de cruzas dialélicas, evaluadas en dos localidades de la zona baja de Guatemala, 1989

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 24
Author(s):  
José Luis Quemé de León ◽  
Luis Larios Bobadilla ◽  
Carlos Pérez Rodas ◽  
Nery Soto León
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Null Hypothesis ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
General Combining Ability ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Lattice Design ◽  
Simple Lattice ◽  
Genetic Origins ◽  
Different Origins ◽  
Animal Consumption

Given the importance that yellow grain maize hybrids have for human and animal consumption, the Maize Program of the Instituto de Ciencias y Tecnologia Agricola (ICTA) initiated a project using 10 maize lines to genera te double (DC) and three way cross (TWC) hybrids which would be superior to the commercial hybrid HA-46. Most of the 10 lines had different genetic origins. Specific objectives were: a) estimate specific and general combining ability (SCA, GCA) for each of the simple crosses; and b) to predict yield for the DC and TWC hybrids. A 7x7 simple lattice design was used to evaluate 42 simple crosses and 7 checks. SCA and GCA were estimated using the Fourth Griffing's Design, and yield predictions using Jenkins Method B. Two trials were established in Cuyuta and La Maquina (40 to 150 meters above sea level). Results obtained indicated that the two null hypothesis could not discarded: 1) the variance for GCA (g 2) was considered to be equal to zcro givcn that the testers wcre previously selected; and the variance for SCA (s 2) was different from zero, possibly because some testcrs had different origins while others were derived from the same source. 2) SCA was as important as CGA in predicting the yicld of the simple crosses. Predicted yield levels for DC’s and TWC's were highcr than the predicted yield for HA-46. These results suggest that when these DC's and TWC's are formed they will be superior to HA-46 and as such fulfill the general objective set forth.

scholarly journals Uji Efek Antioksidan Formulasi Nanoemulsi Ekstrak Etanol Daun Parang Romang (Boehmeria virgata)

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-53
Author(s):  
Magfirah -
Keyword(s):  
Lattice Design ◽  
Simple Lattice

ABSTRAKUpaya menangkal terjadinya penyakit degeneratif akibat terakumulasi radikal bebas,  salah satunya adalah pemanfaatan daun parang romang (Boehmeria virgata)  yang memiliki potensi kandungan antioksidan yang diformulasikan dalam sediaan nanoemulsi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini mengetahui aktivitas antioksidan formulasi nanoemulsi ekstrak etanol daun parang romang. Daun Parang romang diekstraksi secara maserasi.selanjutnya diformulasi menjadi sediaan nanoemulsi dengan metode simple lattice design. Spektrofotometer UV-Vis digunakan untuk mengukur aktivitas antioksidan.. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan aktivitas antioksidan dengan metode  DPPH  pembanding kuersetin dan formulasi nanaoemulsi  masing-masing  diperoleh nilai IC50 yaitu 19,82 μg /mL dan 96,36 μg /ml. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa formulasi nanoemulsi ekstrak daun parang romang memiliki aktivitas antioksidan yang kuat. Kata Kunci : Daun Parang romang, Nanoemulsi, Antioksidan, DPPH. 

scholarly journals Evaluación de la resistencia a la mustia hilachosa (Thanatephorus cucumeris (Frank), Donk). en líneas y variedades de frijol. Caisán. Panamá, 1997.

2006 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Emigdio Rodríguez ◽  
Francisco González
Keyword(s):  
Common Bean ◽  
Thanatephorus Cucumeris ◽  
Lattice Design ◽  
Simple Lattice ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Susceptible Control ◽  
Hyper Sensitivity ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Web Blight ◽  
The Web

This study was carried out with the purpose of identifying genotypes of common bean, with a greater level of resistance to the web blight, in Caisán, Panama. 4335 lines and varieties of common bean were evaluated from seven experiments. A completely randomized design and a simple lattice design were utilized according to the experiments. Experiment repetitions varied from one, two or three depending on the amount of seed available. 62 materials showed an inferior reaction to the web blight in relation to that of the resistant Talamanca control (5 grade). The Barriles susceptible control showed grade reaction of 8. In several lines it was observed an apparent reaction of hyper-sensitivity to the web blight.

scholarly journals Genetic Variation of Some Tobacco (Nicotiana Tabacum L.) Genotypes by Morphological Traits

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Z. Porkabiri ◽  
N. Sabaghnia ◽  
R. Ranjbar ◽  
H.H. Maleki
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Leaf Width ◽  
Lattice Design ◽  
Simple Lattice ◽  
Nicotiana Tabacum L ◽  
Leaf Yield ◽  
Effective Selection ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Ideal Genotype

Abstract Simple lattice design with two replicates was used to evaluate 25 tobacco genotypes. The following eight traits were measured and evaluated: plant height (PH), leaf length (LL), leaf width (LW), leaf number per plant (LN), stem girth (SG), leaf area (LA), dry leaf yield (DLW), and fresh leaf yield (FLW). The genotype by trait biplot for tobacco dataset explained 73% of the total variation of the standardized data. The polygon view of genotype by trait presented for the eight different traits of tobacco genotypes showed six vertex cultivars (G4, G5, G11, G12, G18, and G21). Genotype G21 had the highest values for most of the measured traits. Based on a vector view biplot, strong positive associations among LL, DLW, FLW, and LA were detected while near zero correlations between LL and SG, as well as between LL and PH were observed. Generally, based on ideal genotype and ideal tester biplots, it was demonstrated that the selection for high leaf yield should be performed via leaf length, leaf width, and leaf area traits identified as effective selection criteria for high yielding cultivars.

scholarly journals Comportamiento de híbridos de maíz y aptitud combinatoria de líneas con caracteres contrastantes.

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 97
Author(s):  
Narciso Vergara ◽  
Shivaji Pandey ◽  
Surinder Kumar ◽  
Scott D. McLean ◽  
Sergio Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
General Combining Ability ◽  
Specific Combining Ability ◽  
Lattice Design ◽  
Simple Lattice ◽  
Heterotic Pattern ◽  
Analysis Line

Twelve long-eared and twelve thick-eared lines were identified for this purpose. Single crosses were evaluated using a 12 x 12 simple lattice design with four replications in five environments during 1995. General combining ability (GCA) and Specific combining ability (SCA) estimates for grain yield were ca1culated using line x tester analysis. Line 4 (Pop.21xPop.43) registered the highest GCA value (0,58 t/ha) among long-eared lines; while in the group of thick-eared lines the highest GCA values (0,48 t/ha) corresponded to line 19 (Pop.25). The highest yield (8,35 t/ha) and SCA effect of (0,61 t/ha) was produced by cross 4 x 22 (Pop.21xPop.43) x (Pop.32). Results showed that it is important to consider the use of lines with different traits and their heterotic pattern to develop hybrids maximizing Fl performance.

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