scholarly journals Crossing Borders in Initial Teacher Education: Supporting Translations in the Inner-City Practicum

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. p16
Author(s):  
Jeannie Kerr ◽  
Katya Adamov Ferguson
Keyword(s):  
Inner City ◽  
Teacher Candidates ◽  
White Privilege ◽  
Settler Colonialism ◽  
Initial Teacher Education ◽  
Team Approach ◽  
High Poverty ◽  
School Contexts ◽  
Urban Contexts

Research examining teacher candidates’ preparation to teach in high-poverty, urban contexts marked by diversities and inequalities, throughout North America and internationally, is predominantly focused on examining and changing problematic attitudes based in white normativity and privilege. While this is extremely important, there has been a noted absence of research that supports translations of critical ideas from coursework into the practicum experience. In this article we share a case-study of eight teacher candidates supported by a practicum team approach designed to support these translations into the inner-city teaching practicum. The study is designed and analyzed through decolonial, settler-colonial, critical, and Indigenous theories and philosophies. The authors found common deficit perspectives in the practicum site, but that a relational focus across university and school contexts supported the translation of critical ideas into practice. This study recommends a more explicit engagement with settler colonialism and white privilege within both the practicum and coursework.

Patterns of Social Inclusion and Exclusion Among Youth Living in Stigmatized Neighborhoods

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabiana Espíndola Ferrer
Keyword(s):  
Social Integration ◽  
Residential Segregation ◽  
Neighborhood Effects ◽  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Urban Neighborhoods ◽  
High Poverty ◽  
Ethnographic Case Study ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
The Social

This chapter is an ethnographic case study of the social integration trajectories of youth living in two stigmatized and poor neighborhoods in Montevideo. It explains the linkages between residential segregation and social inclusion and exclusion patterns in unequal urban neighborhoods. Most empirical neighborhood research on the effects of residential segregation in contexts of high poverty and extreme stigmatization have focused on its negative effects. However, the real mechanisms and mediations influencing the so-called neighborhood effects of residential segregation are still not well understood. Scholars have yet to isolate specific neighborhood effects and their contribution to processes of social inclusion and exclusion. Focusing on the biographical experiences of youth in marginalized neighborhoods, this ethnography demonstrates the relevance of social mediations that modulate both positive and negative residential segregation effects.

Successful leadership in a rural, high-poverty school: the case of County Line Middle School

2014 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 422-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans W. Klar ◽  
Curtis A. Brewer
Keyword(s):  
Middle School ◽  
Service Learning ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Leadership Practices ◽  
Leadership Strategies ◽  
High Poverty ◽  
Content Type ◽  
School Principalship ◽  
Successful School

Purpose – In this paper, the authors present a case study of successful school leadership at County Line Middle School. The purpose of the paper is to identify how particular leadership practices and beliefs were adapted to increase student achievement in this rural, high-poverty school in the southeastern USA. Design/methodology/approach – After purposefully selecting this school, the authors adapted interview protocols, questionnaires, and analysis frameworks from the International Successful School Principalship Project to develop a multi-perspective case study of principal leadership practices at the school. Findings – The findings illustrate the practices which led to students at this school, previously the lowest-performing in the district, achieving significantly higher on state standardized tests, getting along “like a family,” and regularly participating in service learning activities and charity events. A particularly interesting finding was how the principal confronted the school's negative self-image and adapted common leadership practices to implement a school-wide reform that suited its unique context. Research limitations/implications – While the findings of the study explicate the specific ways the principal adapted leadership strategies to enhance student learning, this study also highlights the need to understand how principals become familiar with their community's needs, cultures, norms, and values, and exercise leadership in accordance with them. Practical implications – The case offers an example of the need for context-responsive leadership in schools. In particular, it illustrates how this principal enacted leadership strategies that successfully negotiated what Woods (2006) referred to as the changing politics of the rural. To realize this success, the principal utilized his understanding of this low income, rural community to guide his leadership practices. Critically, part of this understanding included the ways the community was connected to and isolated from dominant sub-urban and urban societies, and how to build enthusiasm and capacity through appeals to local values. Originality/value – While it is widely acknowledged that school leaders need to consider their school and community contexts when making leadership decisions, less research has focussed on understanding how this can be achieved. This case provides rich examples of how this was accomplished in a rural, high-poverty middle school.

scholarly journals Scenario Analyses of Exhaust Emissions Reduction through the Introduction of Electric Vehicles into the City

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 2030
Author(s):  
Marianna Jacyna ◽  
Renata Żochowska ◽  
Aleksander Sobota ◽  
Mariusz Wasiak
Keyword(s):  
Inner City ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Transport Model ◽  
Exhaust Emissions ◽  
Scenario Analyses ◽  
High Emission ◽  
Clean Air ◽  
The One ◽  
The City

In recent years, policymakers of urban agglomerations in various regions of the world have been striving to reduce environmental pollution from harmful exhaust and noise emissions. Restrictions on conventional vehicles entering the inner city are being introduced and the introduction of low-emission measures, including electric ones, is being promoted. This paper presents a method for scenario analysis applied to study the reduction of exhaust emissions by introducing electric vehicles in a selected city. The original scenario analyses relating to real problems faced by contemporary metropolitan areas are based on the VISUM tool (PTV Headquarters for Europe: PTV Planung Transport Verkehr AG, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany). For the case study, the transport model of the city of Bielsko-Biala (Poland) was used to conduct experiments with different forms of participation of electric vehicles on the one hand and traffic restrictions for high emission vehicles on the other hand. Scenario analyses were conducted for various constraint options including inbound, outbound, and through traffic. Travel time for specific transport relations and the volume of harmful emissions were used as criteria for evaluating scenarios of limited accessibility to city zones for selected types of vehicles. The comparative analyses carried out showed that the introduction of electric vehicles in the inner city resulted in a significant reduction in the emission of harmful exhaust compounds and, consequently, in an increase in the area of clean air in the city. The case study and its results provide some valuable insights and may guide decision-makers in their actions to introduce both driving ban restrictions for high-emission vehicles and incentives for the use of electric vehicles for city residents.

Childhood trauma, attachment style, and a couple's experience of terminal cancer: Case study

2010 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda M. McLean ◽  
Sarah Hales
Keyword(s):  
End Of Life ◽  
Childhood Trauma ◽  
Attachment Style ◽  
Multidisciplinary Team ◽  
Marital Distress ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Cancer Case ◽  
Terminal Cancer ◽  
Team Approach

AbstractObjective:The primary objective of this article is to elucidate the significance of psychosocial distress and risk in a sub-population of end-stage cancer patients and their spouse caregivers who present with an especially challenging attachment style and histories of childhood trauma. The case study presented highlights the need to both identify and offer an empirically validated couple–based intervention, along with a multi-disciplinary team approach over the trajectory of the illness and at end of life.Method:A validated marital protocol (emotionally focused couple therapy [EFT]) is modified for this population and conducted by an EFT-trained psychologist as part of a pilot investigation as to the feasibility and effectiveness of EFT for the terminal cancer population. Measures of marital distress, depression, hopelessness, and attachment security are completed at baseline and subsequent intervals, as reported in another publication. Attachment insecurity and the exquisitely intimate relationship with caregiving and care receiving are underscored, given the couple's traumatic childhood history.Results:The couple described herein, followed from diagnosis of metastatic disease to end of life illuminates the potential effectiveness of a modified EFT protocol, and underscores the need to both identify and intervene with a population potentially at significantly high risk for marital distress, suicidality, depression, and hopelessness.Significance of Results:The benefits of a multidisciplinary team is evident as the patient's symptoms of physical distress increased toward end of life and she returned to earlier behaviors, namely suicidal ideation and an attempt to alleviate her experience of suffering. The strength of the marital bond, possibly as a result of the intervention, and the efforts of the multidisciplinary team approach, demonstrate potential to mitigate a catastrophic end of life and a complicated spousal bereavement. This case study adds to the current empirical literature in an area that is currently under-studied and under-reported.

Multilingualism, urban change and gentrification in the landscape of a Brussels neighbourhood

Multilingua ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mieke Vandenbroucke
Keyword(s):  
Inner City ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Urban Change ◽  
Linguistic Change ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Rich History ◽  
Over Time

AbstractThis paper focuses on how different historical stages of socio-economic development in Brussels are played out on the ground over time in one particular inner-city neighbourhood, the Quartier Dansaert. In particular, I document the history of this neighbourhood and how urban change and gentrification have impacted the outlook of multilingualism and the development of multilingual discourses and language hierarchies in its material and semiotic landscape over time. By using the rich history of multilingualism in the Quartier Dansaert as a case-study, I argue in favour of more historically-sensitive and longitudinal approaches to social and, in particular, linguistic change as played out in urban landscape.

Simulating individual work trips for transit-facilitated accessibility study

2017 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruihong Huang
Keyword(s):  
Inner City ◽  
Public Transportation ◽  
Road Network ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Census Tracts ◽  
Transit Network ◽  
Demographic Profiles ◽  
Individual Work ◽  
Job Opportunities

To measure job accessibility, person-based approaches have the advantage to capture all accessibility components: land use, transportation system, individual’s mobility and travel preference, as well as individual’s space and time constraints. This makes person-based approaches more favorable than traditional aggregated approaches in recent years. However, person-based accessibility measures require detailed individual trip data which are very difficult and expensive to acquire, especially at large scales. In addition, traveling by public transportation is a highly time sensitive activity, which can hardly be handled by traditional accessibility measures. This paper presents an agent-based model for simulating individual work trips in hoping to provide an alternative or supplementary solution to person-based accessibility study. In the model, population is simulated as three levels of agents: census tracts, households, and individual workers. And job opportunities (businesses) are simulated as employer agents. Census tract agents have the ability to generate household and worker agents based on their demographic profiles and a road network. Worker agents are the most active agents that can search jobs and find the best paths for commuting. Employer agents can estimate the number of transit-dependent employees, hire workers, and update vacancies. A case study is conducted in the Milwaukee metropolitan area in Wisconsin. Several person-based accessibility measures are computed based on simulated trips, which disclose low accessibility inner city neighborhoods well covered by a transit network.

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