scholarly journals Impact of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy on Resting Cardiac Parameters and Cortisol in Patients with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: A Pilot Randomized Clinical Trial

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. p84
Author(s):  
Raquel Menezes Gonçalves ◽  
Carlos Eduardo Norte ◽  
Gabriela Guerra Leal Souza ◽  
Eliane Volchan ◽  
Evandro Silva Freire Coutinho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Effect Size ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Therapeutic Process ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Large Effect Size ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
The Impact

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) has been associated with changes in psychophysiological and neuroendocrinal parameters. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) is considered the treatment of choice for PTSD and is able to regularize altered neurobiological parameters; however, little is known about its effects on these parameters when measured during the therapeutic process. This pilot study aimed to evaluate the impact of CBT on cortisol and cardiac parameters measured at rest during the treatment of PTSD with comorbid major depression. 14 patients were randomized to four months of CBT or a waiting list. As expected, the experimental group had a greater reduction in PTSD symptoms and a large effect size. There was a reduction in the low frequency component of heart rate variability, which achieved borderline statistical significance and a large effect size. Salivary cortisol tended to track the progress of therapy, rising in the period of exposure and decreasing by the end of treatment. Despite the small sample size, this study opens the way for further research into the impact of CBT on the different biological markers of PTSD during the therapeutic process. This can hopefully help to optimize and personalize therapeutic studies while providing clues about modifications in bio behavioral pathological manifestations.

Evaluating the effectiveness of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) treatment using acupuncture combined with cognitive behavioral therapy in Thua Thien Hue province

2019 ◽  
pp. 74-80
Author(s):  
Thi Tan Nguyen ◽  
Van Minh Doan ◽  
Nhat Minh Tran ◽  
Van Hung Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Effectiveness Rate ◽  
Post Traumatic

Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is a mental disorder that develops in people who have experienced or witnessed a serious traumatic event, such as natural catastrophes, sexual assaults, war… Some studies showed that acupuncture was effective for PTSD. However, there is no published research on the treatment of PTSD using acupuncture and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) in Vietnam. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of treating PTSD using acupuncture combined with CBT in Thua Thien Hue province. Method and subject: This study was an interventional study conducted in two districts of Thua Thien Hue province. Thirty patients were diagnosed with PTSD using Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale for DSM-5 (CAPS-5). Participants were assessed on PTSD symptoms using PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL–5); depression, anxiety and stress status using DASS-21; and other health states before and after treatment. Result: The effectiveness rate of treatment was 83.3% by PCL–5 and 86.7% by DASS-21. The improvement of symptoms after 5 weeks of treatment was statistically significant (p <0.05). Side effects were itch (5.0%), pain (4.3%); bleeding (1.3%); and others (0%). Conclusion: Treatment of PTSD using acupuncture and CBT has a high effectiveness rate on PCL - 5 scale and DASS21 scale. Improvement was similar when evaluated by the two scales. Acupuncture was safe and did not cause any significant side effects. Key words: Post-traumatic Stress Disorder, PTSD, acupuncture, cognitive behavior therapy, CBT, Thua Thien Hue

scholarly journals Exploring the impact of COVID-19 and restrictions to daily living as a result of social distancing within veterans with pre-existing mental health difficulties

2020 ◽  
pp. bmjmilitary-2020-001622 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominic Murphy ◽  
C Williamson ◽  
J Baumann ◽  
W Busuttil ◽  
N T Fear
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Social Support ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Mental Health Difficulties ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
The Impact

IntroductionData are emerging showing the adverse consequences on mental health of the general public due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Little is known about the needs of veterans with pre-existing mental health difficulties during the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsData were collected through a cross-sectional online survey from a randomly selected sample (n=1092) of military veterans who have sought help for mental health difficulties from a veteran-specific UK-based charity. The response rate was 25.2% (n=275). Participants were asked to complete a range of standardised mental health outcomes (post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD): Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist, common mental health difficulties (CMDs): 12-Item General Health Questionnaire, difficulties with anger: 5-Item Dimensions of Anger Reactions—Revised and alcohol misuse: Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test) and endorse a list of potential stressors related to changes to daily life resulting from COVID-19. Regression analyses were fitted to explore predictors of mental health severity.ResultsIt was observed that symptoms of common mental disorder and PTSD (69.3% and 65.0%, respectively) were the most commonly reported to have been exacerbated by the pandemic. Lack of social support and reporting increasing numbers of stressors related to COVID-19 were consistently associated with increasing severity of a range of mental health difficulties.ConclusionsOur findings suggest veterans who had pre-existing mental health difficulties prior to the outbreak of COVID-19 may be at increased risk of experiencing CMDs as a result of the pandemic. Intervening to improve levels of social support and offering practical guidance to better manage any additional stressors relating to the pandemic may provide strategies to help reduce the burden of mental health symptoms.

scholarly journals Post-traumatic stress disorder following COVID-19 pandemic among medical students in Riyadh: a cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zainab Ifthikar ◽  
Saima Sajjad Fakih ◽  
Saumy Johnson ◽  
Johnson Alex
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Emotional Impact ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Psychological Well Being ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background In recent times, COVID-19 has been recognized as a public health emergency and thus far, most papers published on it are focused only on the clinical characteristics of infected patients. This pandemic has also made phenomenal emotional impact among the young and the old. We aimed to find out the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the psychological well-being of medical students in a University at Riyadh. Results There were 309 participants in the study. Out of them 44% did not have PTSD, 29% had score more than 37 which might contribute to immune suppression, in 18.4% PTSD was a clinical concern and 8.6% had probable PTSD. Female participants were the majority in the group and they also had higher chance of having consequences than the male counterparts (P < 0.001). Avoidance score between male and female gender was significantly different. Conclusion COVID-19 pandemic has not just affected the physiological functioning of the affected individuals but also has had a probable post-traumatic stress disorder among young college students. Screening for psychological well-being and the treatment for PTSD is imperative in college, school and general population.

"Efficacy of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy in Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Among Spinal Cord Injury Patients: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Study"

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-162
Author(s):  
Anwar Khan ◽  
Faseeh Ullah ◽  
Omer Abid ◽  
Khizra Hafeez Awan
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Ptsd Symptoms ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Post Traumatic

"Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) develops after exposure to or witnessing traumatic events. PTSD is very common among the Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) patients. PTSD can be successfully treated with the Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT). However, CBT is mostly used in the western countries, so its efficacy in the eastern culture is still not fully known. Keeping this in view, the current study has determined the efficacy of CBT in the treatment of PTSD among the SCI patients in Pakistan. Using a Randomized Controlled Pilot Study design, data were collected through the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale for DSM-5 from thirty patients admitted to the Paraplegic Center. Trauma-focused CBT(TF-CBT) protocol was applied through fourteen sessions. Data were analyzed by descriptive and multivariate statistics. Findings show that the level of PTSD symptoms gradually decreased from high at baseline (CAPS-5 Mean Scores μ= 3.6) to low during follow-up stage (CAPS-5 Mean Scores μ= 0.89). Results obtained from the present study on the efficacy of CBT are in concurrence with the research findings in other countries. This study supports the efficiency CBT intervention among Pakistani patients who had developed PTSD symptoms after suffering from SCI. Therefore, CBT can be widely used in the management of PTSD in Pakistan."

Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavior Therapy

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 226-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy K. Westerman ◽  
Vanessa E. Cobham ◽  
Brett McDermott
Keyword(s):  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Cognitive Behavior ◽  
Coding System ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Trauma Narratives ◽  
Internal Logic ◽  
Post Traumatic

Repeated retelling of trauma narratives within Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (TF-CBT) assists participants to habituate to experiences that have precipitated symptoms of post-traumatic stress. In this study, the narratives produced by children and adolescents, who developed post-traumatic stress disorder following a natural disaster, and who were treated with a manualized TF-CBT intervention, were examined. The first author developed a coding system utilizing three major concepts (coherence, elaboration, and evaluation) to identify changes in the narratives as they were retold at each therapeutic session. Analysis using this coding system identified that the internal logic of the stories was maintained as the detail diminished, and that the level of evaluation increased. Compression emerged as a major pattern, alongside the reduction in participant distress over the course of the treatment. Although requiring replication, these trial concepts, developed by the coding system, have potential analyzing trauma narratives and enhancing clinician observations.

Exposure to stressful events during a peacekeeping mission may have a price: The impact on trait of negative and positive affect and mental health

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1285-1291
Author(s):  
Roberta Sonia Rodrigues Álvares ◽  
Ana Carolina Ferraz Mendonça-de-Souza ◽  
Antônio Fernando Araujo Duarte ◽  
Thaís Medeiros Gameiro ◽  
Nastassja Lopes Fischer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Stressful Events ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
The Impact

We evaluated the participants’ negative affect, positive affect, post-traumatic stress disorder, and depression symptoms before and after a peacekeeping mission. Depression symptoms and positive affect after mission were significantly associated with exposure to stressful events during the mission, controlled by the respective characteristics before mission. Negative affect and post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms after mission had a tendency to be associated with exposure to stressful events during the mission, controlled by the respective characteristics before mission. In conclusion, even in healthy and physically active male peacekeepers, those more exposed to stressful events could be more vulnerable to present negative outcomes.

Impact of comorbid post traumatic stress disorder on multiple sclerosis in military veterans: A population-based cohort study

2021 ◽  
pp. 135245852110583
Author(s):  
Mark Leekoff ◽  
William Culpepper ◽  
Shan Jin ◽  
Terry Lee-Wilk ◽  
Mitchell Wallin
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Military Veterans ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
The Impact

Background: Very little is known regarding the impact of post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) on the course of multiple sclerosis (MS). Objectives: To explore the impact of pre-existing PTSD on MS relapses, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) activity, and disability in a large population-based cohort. Methods: Military Veterans with MS and PTSD prior to symptom onset (MSPTSD, n = 96) were identified using the Department of Veterans Affairs MS databases. MSPTSD cases were matched to MS controls without PTSD ( n = 95). Number of relapses, number of new T2 lesions and new gadolinium lesions on brain MRI, and neurological disability were abstracted between 2015 and 2019. Results: The mean annualized relapse rate was greater in the MSPTSD group versus controls (0.23 vs 0.06, respectively; p < 0.05), as was the annualized mean number of new T2 and gadolinium-enhancing lesions on brain MRI (0.52 vs 0.16 and 0.29 vs 0.08, respectively; p < 0.05). Disability accrual (time to Disability Status Scale 6.0) was more rapid (23.7 vs 29.5 years, p < 0.05) in relapsing MS patients with PTSD. Conclusion: Patients with MSPTSD have higher disease activity and reach disability endpoints more rapidly than controls. This is the first study to show PTSD as a potentially modifiable risk factor for MS relapses, MRI activity, and disability.

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