scholarly journals BOSCIA ALBITRUNCA: REVIEW OF ITS BOTANY, MEDICINAL USES, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES

2019 ◽  
pp. 51-56
Author(s):  
ALFRED MAROYI
Keyword(s):  
Herbal Medicine ◽  
Southern Africa ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Immune Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
Ethnoveterinary Medicine ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Medicinal Uses

Boscia albitrunca is a medium-sized tree widely used as herbal medicine in Southern Africa. The current study critically reviewed the botany, medicinal uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacological activities of B. albitrunca. Literature on botany, medicinal uses, phytochemical, and biological activities of B. albitrunca was collected from multiple internet sources including Elsevier, Google Scholar, SciFinder, Web of Science, PubMed, BMC, Science Direct, and Scopus. Complementary information was gathered from pre-electronic sources such as books, book chapters, theses, scientific reports, and journal articles obtained from the university library. This study revealed that the species is used as herbal medicine in 75.0% of the countries in Southern Africa where the species is indigenous. The bark, leaves, and roots of B. albitrunca are mainly used as herbal medicines for constipation, epilepsy, hemorrhoids, headache, human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome, skin diseases, syphilis, and as ethnoveterinary medicine. Ethnopharmacological research identified phenolic compounds, alkaloids, coumarins, flavonoids, saponins, steroids, tannins, and triterpernoids from leaves of B. albitrunca. The crude extracts of the species and the compound martynoside isolated from B. albitrunca exhibited antibacterial and antifungal activities. B. albitrunca should be subjected to detailed phytochemical, pharmacological, and toxicological evaluations aimed at correlating its medicinal uses with its phytochemistry and pharmacological activities.

Medicinal Uses, Biological and Chemical Properties of Wild Plum (Harpephyllum caffrum): An Indigenous Fruit Plant of Southern Africa

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 258-268
Author(s):  
Alfred Maroyi
Keyword(s):  
Herbal Medicine ◽  
Southern Africa ◽  
Bone Fractures ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Fatty Acid Esters ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Medicinal Uses

Harpephyllum caffrum is a fruit plant widely used as herbal medicine throughout its distributional range in southern Africa. This study was aimed at providing a critical review of the biological activities, phytochemistry and medicinal uses of H. caffrum. Documented information on the botany, biological activities, medicinal uses and phytochemistry of H. caffrum was collected from several online sources which included BMC, Scopus, SciFinder, Google Scholar, Science Direct, Elsevier, Pubmed and Web of Science. Additional information on H. caffrum was gathered from pre-electronic sources such as book chapters, books, journal articles and scientific publications sourced from the University library. This study showed that the bark, fruits and roots of H. caffrum are used as blood purifier and emetic, and as herbal medicine against asthma, wounds, bone fractures, sprains and skin problems. Phytochemical compounds identified from the fruits, leaves and stem bark of H. caffrum include cardanols, fatty acid esters, flavonoids, phenolics and triterpenoids. Ethnopharmacological research revealed that H. caffrum extracts and compounds have in vitro and in vivo pharmacological activities such as acetylcholinesterase, analgesic, antibacterial, anticonvulsant, antimycobacterial, antifungal, anti-HIV, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antipyretic, melanogenesis and antityrosinase, hypoglycaemic and hypotensive, hepatoprotective and cytotoxicity activities. Harpephyllum caffrum should be subjected to detailed phytochemical, pharmacological and toxicological evaluations aimed at correlating its medicinal uses with its phytochemistry and pharmacological activities of the species.

Widespread use of herbal medicines by people living with human immunodeficiency virus and contamination of herbal medicines with antiretrovirals in Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 371-377
Author(s):  
J Gini ◽  
A Amara ◽  
Sujan D Penchala ◽  
David J Back ◽  
L Else ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Herbal Medicine ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Immune Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
Medicine Use ◽  
Street Vendors ◽  
Hiv Therapy ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

Herbal medication use amongst people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLWH) is widespread and understudied. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of herbal medicine use amongst PLWH and possible contamination with antiretrovirals (ARVs). Countrywide collection of herbal samples sold by street vendors in Nigeria for the following indications: human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), acquired immune deficiency syndrome, fever and general weakness. Samples were screened using a validated liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry method for the presence of the following ARVs: efavirenz, nevirapine, lopinavir, darunavir, ritonavir, atazanavir, emtricitabine, tenofovir and lamivudine. A survey was conducted among 742 PLWH attending four HIV clinics in Nigeria. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and analysed using IBM SPSS statistics version 22.0 (IBM Corp., 2013, Armond, NY). Of the 138 herbal medicines sampled, three (2%) contained detectable levels of tenofovir, emtricitabine and/or lamivudine. Additionally, of the 742 PLWH surveyed, 310 (41.8%) reported herbal medicine use. Among the users, 191 (61.6%) started taking herbals after commencing HIV therapy while herbal medicine use preceded ARVs treatment in 119 (38.4%) PLWH. We found herbal use to be widespread among PLWH in Nigeria, with increasing use after commencing ARV. Three herbal preparations were also found to contain detectable levels of ARVs. This is a concern and should be studied widely across the region and countries where herbal medicine use is prevalent and poorly regulated.

scholarly journals A REVIEW OF BOTANY, THERAPEUTIC VALUE, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, AND PHARMACOLOGY OF CUSSONIA PANICULATA

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
ALFRED MAROYI
Keyword(s):  
Herbal Medicine ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Triterpene Glycosides ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Steroidal Saponin ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Triterpenoid Saponins ◽  
Medicinal Uses

Cussonia paniculata is a small tree widely used as herbal medicine throughout its distributional range in southern Africa. This study is aimed at providing a critical review of the botany, biological activities, phytochemistry, and medicinal uses of C. paniculata. Documented information on the botany, biological activities, medicinal uses, and phytochemistry of C. paniculata was collected from several online sources which included BMC, Scopus, SciFinder, Google Scholar, Science Direct, Elsevier, PubMed, and Web of Science. Additional information on the botany, biological activities, phytochemistry, and medicinal uses of C. paniculata was gathered from pre-electronic sources such as book chapters, books, journal articles, and scientific publications sourced from the University library. This study showed that the bark, fruits, leaves, roots, and stems of C. paniculata are used as emetic, immune booster, and herbal medicine for dysmenorrhea, intestinal parasites and worms, mental problems, boils, shingles and skin diseases, indigestion and stomach complaints, sores, and wounds. Phytochemical compounds identified from the leaves of C. paniculata include acetylated triterpene glycosides, unacetylated triterpene glycosides, flavonoid, steroidal saponin, and triterpenoid saponins. Pharmacological research revealed that C. paniculata extracts have analgesic, antibacterial, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antiplasmodial, antiprotozoan, Aβ42 protein reduction, and cytotoxicity activities. Future research should focus on evaluating the phytochemical, pharmacological, and toxicological properties of C. paniculata crude extracts as well as compounds isolated from the species.

scholarly journals BERCHEMIA ZEYHERI (SOND.) GRUBOV: MEDICINAL USES, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, AND PHARMACOLOGICAL PROPERTIES

2019 ◽  
pp. 14-18
Author(s):  
ALFRED MAROYI
Keyword(s):  
Herbal Medicine ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Ethnoveterinary Medicine ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Medicinal Uses ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Toxicological Studies ◽  
Deciduous Fruit ◽  
The University

Berchemia zeyheri is a small-to-medium-sized deciduous fruit tree widely used as herbal medicine. This study was aimed at providing a critical review of the medicinal uses, phytochemistry, and biological activities of B. zeyheri. Documented information on the biological activities, medicinal uses, and phytochemistry of B. zeyheri was collected from several online sources which included BMC, Scopus, SciFinder, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, Elsevier, PubMed, and Web of Science. Additional information on the biological activities, phytochemistry, and medicinal uses of B. zeyheri was gathered from pre-electronic sources such as book chapters, books, journal articles, and scientific publications obtained from the university library. This study showed that the bark and roots of B. zeyheri are used for magical purposes and as herbal medicine for anemia, backache, baby’s navel problems, cough, dysentery, headache, rectal ulcers, stomach problems, tonic, and vomiting and ethnoveterinary medicine for infectious diseases in cattle. Phytochemical analyses revealed that the aerial parts, bark, and heartwood of B. zeyheri are characterized by alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, polyphenols, and steroids. Pharmacological research revealed that B. zeyheri crude extracts have anthelmintic, antibacterial, antioxidant, and toxicity activities. Future ethnopharmacological research should focus on conducting detailed phytochemical, pharmacological, and toxicological studies.

scholarly journals SANSEVIERIA HYACINTHOIDES (L.) DRUCE: A REVIEW OF ITS BOTANY, MEDICINAL USES, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES

2019 ◽  
pp. 21-26
Author(s):  
ALFRED MAROYI
Keyword(s):  
Herbal Medicine ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Perennial Herb ◽  
Ethnoveterinary Medicine ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Medicinal Uses ◽  
Snake Bites ◽  
Toxicological Studies

Sansevieria hyacinthoides is a succulent perennial herb widely used as herbal medicine. This study is aimed at providing a critical review of the botany, biological activities, phytochemistry, and medicinal uses of S. hyacinthoides. Documented information on the botany, biological activities, medicinal uses, and phytochemistry of S. hyacinthoides was collected from several online sources which included BMC, Scopus, SciFinder, Google Scholar, Science Direct, Elsevier, PubMed and Web of Science. Additional information on the botany, biological activities, phytochemistry, and medicinal uses of S. hyacinthoides was gathered from pre-electronic sources such as book chapters, books, journal articles, and scientific publications obtained from the university library. This study showed that the leaf sap, leaves, rhizomes, roots, and whole plant parts of S. hyacinthoides are used as ethnoveterinary medicine, magical purposes, to dilate birth canal and as herbal medicine for fever, respiratory problems, intestinal parasites, worms, rheumatism, swellings, skin infections, sexually transmitted infections, hemorrhoids, toothache, diarrhea, stomach problems, insect and snake bites, earache, and infections. Phytochemical analyses revealed that the leaves, rhizomes, and roots are characterized by alkaloids, flavonoids, and steroids. Pharmacological research revealed that S. hyacinthoides crude extracts have anthelmintic, antibacterial, antifungal, and antioxidant activities. Future ethnopharmacological research should focus on carrying out detailed phytochemical, pharmacological, and toxicological studies.

scholarly journals Medicinal Uses, Phytochemistry and Pharmacological Properties of Elaeodendron transvaalense

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 545
Author(s):  
Alfred Maroyi ◽  
Sebua Semenya
Keyword(s):  
Herbal Medicine ◽  
Southern Africa ◽  
Skin Infections ◽  
Journal Articles ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Medicinal Uses ◽  
Phytochemical Compounds ◽  
Phytochemical Constituents ◽  
The University ◽  
Anti Hiv

Elaeodendron transvaalense is a plant species, which is in high demand as a herbal medicine in southern Africa. This study critically reviewed the medicinal applications, phytochemistry and pharmacological activities of E. transvaalense. The literature on medicinal applications, phytochemical, and pharmacological activities of E. transvaalense, was collected from multiple internet sources including Elsevier, Google Scholar, SciFinder, Web of Science, Pubmed, BMC, Science Direct, and Scopus. Complementary information was gathered from pre-electronic sources, such as books, book chapters, theses, scientific reports, and journal articles obtained from the University library. This study revealed that the species is used as herbal medicine in 62.5% of the countries where E. transvaalense is native in southern Africa. It is mainly used as herbal medicine for diarrhoea, menorrhagia, stomach aches, skin infections, inflammations, and rashes. Phytochemical compounds identified from the species, include flavonoids, peltogynoid, phenols, proanthocyanidins, tannin, and triterpenes. Ethnopharmacological research revealed that extracts and phytochemical constituents isolated from E. transvaalense have antibacterial, antifungal, anti-HIV, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiplasmodial, anti-protozoan, anti-pyretic, hypoglycaemic, larvicidal, cytotoxicity, and mutagenic activities. Elaeodendron transvalense should to be subjected to detailed phytochemical, pharmacological, and toxicological evaluations aimed at correlating the medicinal uses of the species with the ethnopharmacological properties of the species.

scholarly journals BOSWELLIA SERRATA ROXB. – A BIOACTIVE HERBS WITH VARIOUS PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES

2020 ◽  
pp. 33-39
Author(s):  
SUDHANSHU MISHRA ◽  
RAM SINGH BISHNOI ◽  
RAHUL MAURYA ◽  
DEEPTI JAIN
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activities ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Boswellic Acid ◽  
Active Constituent ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Boswellia Serrata ◽  
Medicinal Uses ◽  
Assisted Extraction ◽  
Extraction Processes ◽  
Phytochemical Components

Herbal medicine has become a medicinal as well as the economic aspect of global significance. While the use of these herbal medicines has increased, there are several questions about their consistency, protection, and effectiveness in different countries. Boswellic acid (BA) is one of the active constituents obtained from plant Boswellia serrata (BS) family Burseraceae. The oleoresin gum of the plant is also known as Salai guggul, Indian olibanum, or Indian frankincense. Boswellia species comprises a variety of phytochemical components, essential oil, BA such as keto-BA, beta-BA, or acetyl keto-BA. This variety of constituents isolated from the plant using various extraction processes such as hydrodistillation, percolation, and ultraviolet-assisted extraction or solvent extraction. The active constituent has different biological activities such as antidiuretic, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, or antitumor activity. This review seeks to update information on plant BS with its medicinal uses, isolation process in the traditional or Indian system of medicine, and justify its use on modern scientific parameters.

scholarly journals Commiphora wightii (Arn.) Bhandari. Review of Its Botany, Medicinal Uses, Pharmacological Activities and Phytochemistry

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4-s) ◽  
pp. 613-621 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manisha Bhardwaj ◽  
Aparna Alia
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Volatile Oil ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Commiphora Wightii ◽  
Medicinal Uses ◽  
Therapeutic Uses ◽  
Science Domain

The oldest remedies identified to mankind are herbal medicines. India is recognized worldwide for its Ayurvedic treatment. As only little studies are done on this plant, the purpose of current review is to make accessible up-to-date information on, botany, morphology, ecological biodiversity, medicinal uses, phytochemistry and pharmacological activities on diverse parts of Commiphora wightii (Arn.) Bhandari (C. wightii). This review was assembled using scientific literature from electronic search engine such as Springerlink, BioMed Central, PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, Scielo, Medline and Science domain. Supplementary literatures were obtained from books, book chapters, dissertations, websites and other scientific publications. C. wightii  (Syn. Commiphora mukul Hook. ex. Stocks) or Guggulu tree. C. wightii is a shrub or small tree belonging to Burseraceae family. C. wightii contains volatile oil, gum resin, gugulipids, guggulsterones, guggulsterols, mukolol and other steroids. Guggulu is very much used in Ayuvedic system of medicine as astringent, anti-septic, expectorant, aphrodisiac, carminative, anti-spasmodic, emmenagogue. In Ayurveda, it is the best among herbs that are used for Medoroga and Vata disorders. It is widely used for obesity and it is also known as fat burning agent all over the world. It helps to lower cholesterol and triglycerides level. It is very effective in rheumatoid arthritis, gout and sciatica. It is also one of the most important Rasayana of Ayurveda. In addition it treats sluggish liver, stimulates libido, nervous diseases, bronchial congestion, cardiac and circulatory problems, weak digestion, wounds, abscess, foetid ear, fractures, gynaecological problems and various skin diseases. C. wightii is a very important and trustworthy herb in Ayurvedic medicine. This alternative system of medicine is gaining increasing fame universal. There is a required to isolate active constituents, their biological test, molecular mechanisms, experimental defense and legalization of therapeutic uses of C. wightii. The collected information will be obliging to locate up study protocol for current drugs and Ayurvedic formulation extension in remedial and luxury a variety of ailments.   

scholarly journals LANNEA ACIDA: A REVIEW OF ITS MEDICINAL USES AND PHYTOCHEMISTRY AND PHARMACOLOGICAL PROPERTIES

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfred Maroyi
Keyword(s):  
Herbal Medicine ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Pharmacological Properties ◽  
Ethnoveterinary Medicine ◽  
Medicinal Uses ◽  
Gastrointestinal Problems ◽  
Pharmacological Studies ◽  
Phytochemical Compounds ◽  
The University ◽  
Conference Papers

Lannea acida is widely used as herbal medicine in West Africa. The present study critically reviewed the medicinal uses and phytochemistry and pharmacological properties of L. acida. The keywords including L. acida, its synonyms, English common names, medicinal uses, and phytochemistry and pharmacological properties of the species were searched using electronic databases such as ISI web of knowledge, ProQuest, ScienceDirect, OATD, Scopus, OpenThesis, PubMed, and Google Scholar. The search for pre-electronic literature such as conference papers, scientific articles, books, book chapters, dissertations, and theses was carried out at the university library. Literature studies revealed that L. acida is mainly used for injuries, inflammation and pain, gastrointestinal problems, fever and malaria, gynecological and pregnancy disorders, ethnoveterinary medicine, hemorrhoids, skin diseases, and infections. Phytochemical compounds identified from the species include alkaloids, cardiac glycosides, flavonoids, phenols, saponins, steroids, tannins, and terpenoids. Pharmacological studies revealed that L. acida extracts have anthelmintic, antibacterial, antidiarrheal, anti-inflammatory, antimycobacterial, antioxidant, estrogenic, fertility, hyaluronidase, phospholipase A2, proteolytic, and vibriocidal activities. Given the importance of L. acida as herbal medicine, there is a need for detailed studies aimed at establishing the efficacy, clinical relevance, and safety of the plant extracts and compounds.

Ehretia amoena Klotzsch (Ehretiaceae): Review of its medicinal uses, phytochemistry and pharmacological properties

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 1292-1299
Author(s):  
Alfred Maroyi
Keyword(s):  
Herbal Medicine ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Root Bark ◽  
Medicinal Uses ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Toxicological Studies ◽  
Phytochemical Compounds ◽  
Cytotoxicity Activities

Ehretia amoena is a deciduous shrub or small tree widely used as herbal medicine in tropical Africa. Ehretia amoena occurs naturally in Eswatini, Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia and Zimbabwe. The current study critically reviewed the medicinal uses, phytochemistry and pharmacological activities of E. amoena. Literature on medicinal uses, phytochemical and biological activities of E. amoena was collected from multiple internet sources such as Elsevier, Google Scholar, SciFinder, Web of Science, Pubmed, BMC, Science Direct and Scopus. Complementary information was collected from pre-electronic sources such as books, book chapters, theses, scientific reports and journal articles obtained from the university library. This study revealed that the bark, fruit, leaf, root, root bark, stem and stem bark decoction or infusion of E. amoena are mainly used as an anthelmintic or dewormer and herbal medicine for fever, typhoid, sleeping sickness, wounds, menstrual problems, abdominal pains, sexually transmitted infections, skin diseases, vomiting, pain, muscle pain and gastro-intestinal problems. Ethnopharmacological research identified chrysosplenetin, chrysosplenol D, emodins, polyose, polyuronoids, saponins, steroids, tannins, terpenoids and volatile oils from the leaves and roots of E. amoena. The crude extracts of E. amoena and the phytochemical compounds identified from the species exhibited antibacterial, antitrypanosomal  and cytotoxicity activities. Ehretia amoena should be subjected to detailed phytochemical, pharmacological and toxicological studies.

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