scholarly journals FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF MICROEMULSION CONTAINING NEEM SEED OIL

2020 ◽  
pp. 31-36
Author(s):  
YOGESH S. THORAT ◽  
NAGESH S. KOTE ◽  
VIRENDRA V. PATIL ◽  
AVINASH H. HOSMANI
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Drug Transport ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Neem Seed ◽  
Soxhlet Apparatus ◽  
Neem Seed Oil

Objective: The objective of the present study was to formulate Microemulsion containing seed oil. Neem seed (Azadirachtaindica) oil was extracted from its seeds by the soxhlet apparatus. Acetone is used as a solvent. PEG 400 and Carbopol 940p was select as surfactant, co-surfactant and hydrogel thickening agent. Microemulsions were characterized for pH, viscosity, spreadability, in vitro drug transport study and in vivo antibacterial activity and shows satisfactory results. Antibacterial activity of formulation against E. coli Shows at a concentration of 3%. The neem seed oil microemulsion has the potential for antibacterial activity. Methods: A ratio of surfactant and cosurfactant i.e, S/CoSchoosen and corresponding mixture was made. The mixture was mixed with oil. Each mixture was mixed thoroughly using magnetic stirrer until homogenous dispersion/solution was obtained. Double distilled water was used in this formulations as to prevent the incorporation of surface active impurities. The mixture was titrated with water and ambient temperature with constant stirring at the endpoint where the mixture become clouded, the quantity of aquous phase added. The percentage of three different pseudo-phases incorporated were calculated.  Results: Solubility studies in various solvents reveals that the oil is insoluble in distilled water and ethanol. Soluble in methanol. Conclusion: It was observed that the microemulsion having multilamellar nature. Batches with carbopol shows better homogenous distribution. The stability of microemulsion prepared with carbopol 71 was gretter than with xanthan gum. The in vitro study of microemulsion was performed and Batch (F7) is optimized batch which shows highest drug release.

scholarly journals Antibacterial Activity of Buah Merah (Pandanus conoideus Lam.) Against Bacterial Oral Pathogen of Streptococcus sanguinis ATCC10556, Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175, and Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212: An in Vitro Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisda Damayanti ◽  
Ida Ayu Evaangelina ◽  
Avi Laviana ◽  
Yetty Herdiyati ◽  
Dikdik Kurnia
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Oral Bacteria ◽  
Inhibition Zones

Background: Caries and periodontitis are dental diseases caused by bacteria of S. sanguinis, S. mutans, and E. faecalis with three main etiological factors of the host, substrate, and time. Objective: This study proposed to investigate the antibacterial effects of Buah Merah (Pandanus conoideus Lam.) against oral bacteria of E.faecalis, S. mutans, and S. sanguinis. Materials and Methods: The Buah Merah was extracted with different solvents to yield n-hexane, ethyl acetate, methanol, and H2O extracts. The concentrations of single and mixture extracts were adjusted for antibacterial assay against bacteria of E. faecalis, S. mutans, and S. sanguinis strains through agar well diffusion assay with chlorhexidine, fosfomycin, and quercetin used as positive controls. Results: The ethyl acetate extract showed highest antibacterial activity against three oral bacterial of E. faecalis, S. mutans, and S. sanguinis with inhibition zones values of 9.3, 12.3, and 17.9 mm at 40%, respectively, together with their MIC and MBC values of 1250 & 2500, 0.312 & 0.625, and 0.312 & 0.625 ppm, respectively. For the formulation of extracts, combinations samples test gave various effects to different bacteria, with the best activity showed by methanol-ethyl acetate (M-Ea) extracts against S. mutans with an inhibition zone of 16.25 mm at 40 ppm. The strong and synergistic effect of methanol extract against S. mutans was supported by inhibition zones of the formulation of methanol extract-fosfomycin which showed an inhibition zone of 25.9 mm at 10 ppm. Conclusion: The extracts of Buah Merah demonstrated antibacterial activity against oral bacteria of E. faecalis, S. mutans, and S. sanguinis and gave important information for further in vivo clinical studies to determine the exact dosages and its effectiveness in practical application. These results prove the antimicrobial effects of Buah Merah extracts as alternative natural drugs with synergistic effects of active constituents.

Efficacy of Neem Seed Oil on Boophilus dicolaratus Larvae in-vitro.

2017 ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Kamani Joshua ◽  
Henry Nnabuife ◽  
Kemza Sarah ◽  
Andong Eunice ◽  
Kleeberg Hurbetus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Oil ◽  
Neem Seed ◽  
Neem Seed Oil

scholarly journals Assessment of Immune Response and Efficacy of Essential Oils Application on Controlling Necrotic Enteritis Induced by Clostridium perfringens in Broiler Chickens

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (15) ◽  
pp. 4527
Author(s):  
Mohammad Gharaibeh ◽  
Mohammad Khalifeh ◽  
Adi Nawasreh ◽  
Wael Hananeh ◽  
Mofleh Awawdeh
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Clostridium Perfringens ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Vitro Study ◽  
In Vivo Study ◽  
Necrotic Enteritis ◽  
Bacterial Counts ◽  
Small Intestines

Necrotic enteritis (NE) caused by Clostridium perfringens is one of the most important enteric diseases in poultry. The antibacterial activity of two different essential oil (EO) blends against C. perfringens was investigated both in vitro and in vivo. Additionally, the immunological response to EO treatment was assessed. In the in vitro study, the antibacterial activity of EO formulas and commonly used antibiotics was evaluated against C. perfringens using disk diffusion assay, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assay, and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) assay. In the in vivo study, NE experimental infection was performed on 440 Ross broiler chicks at 19 days of age for 4 continuous days. The chicks were treated with either EOs or amoxicillin at 22 days of age for 5 continuous days. One day after the end of treatment, the birds’ performance was evaluated by calculating the feed conversion ratio. Serum samples from 120 birds were collected to measure the levels of IL-1β, IFN-γ, IL-8, IL-10, and IL-17. After that, all birds were slaughtered, and their small intestines were subjected to gross and histopathological evaluation. In addition, bacterial counts in the small intestines were evaluated. In the in vitro study, EOs showed higher antimicrobial activities in comparison with antibiotics against C. perfringens. In the in vivo study, birds treated with EOs showed a significant decrease in bacterial counts, a significant decrease in intestinal lesions, and a significant improvement in performance compared with untreated birds (p < 0.05). Moreover, treating birds with EOs directed the immune system toward an anti-inflammatory pathway. None of the treated birds died due to NE compared with the 10% mortality rate in untreated birds. In conclusion, EOs might be an effective and safe alternative to antibiotics in the treatment of chicken NE.

scholarly journals The Study of in vitro and in vivo Effects of Concurrent Administration of Paracetamol and Zinc on the Antibacterial Activity of Ciprofloxacin

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-142
Author(s):  
Muhammad Rezwanul Ahsan ◽  
Md Zakir Sultan ◽  
Mohammad Abdullahil Baki ◽  
Md Aknur Rahman ◽  
Md Aslam Hossain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Spectroscopic Method ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Zinc Salt ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Concurrent Administration ◽  
In Vivo Effects

Concurrent administration of more than one drug is a common practice in medical science and in such case one drug may affect the pharmacology of another drug. Ciprofloxacin is a commonly used antibiotic in Bangladesh and frequently prescribed with paracetamol and zinc salt for concomitant use in patients suffering from  infections. Therefore, the interaction of ciprofloxacin with paracetamol and zinc salt was studied in vitro at pH 1.2,  6.8 and 7.4 which are related to gastric, intestinal juices and blood environment, respectively. In vitro evaluation of  ciprofloxacin complexes with paracetamol and zinc was carried on several gram positive and gram negative microorganisms by disc diffusion method. The in vivo effect of the complexes was assessed by determining the plasma concentration in mice by spectroscopic method. It was observed that in the in vitro study paracetamol and zinc has insignificant effect on the antibacterial activity of ciprofloxacin although zinc itself showed some  antibacterial activity; and in the in vivo study it was found that zinc sulphate reduced the bioavailability of ciprofloxacin HCl.   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujps.v10i2.11795   Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 10(2): 137-142, 2011 (December)  

Efficacy of a single treatment of head lice with a neem seed extract: an in vivo and in vitro study on nits and motile stages

2011 ◽  
Vol 110 (1) ◽  
pp. 277-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fathy Abdel-Ghaffar ◽  
Saleh Al-Quraishy ◽  
Khaled A. S. Al-Rasheid ◽  
Heinz Mehlhorn
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Seed Extract ◽  
Vitro Study ◽  
Head Lice ◽  
Neem Seed ◽  
Single Treatment ◽  
Neem Seed Extract

scholarly journals Spectrophotometric Analysis of Dental Enamel Staining to Antiseptic and Dietary Agents: In Vitro Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Mukhatar Ahmed Javali ◽  
Mohasin Abdul Khader ◽  
Razan Mansour Alqahtani ◽  
Muna Jubran Almufarrij ◽  
Thamra Mohammed Alqahtani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dental Enamel ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Spectrophotometric Analysis ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Calculus Formation ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Dietary Agents

Background/Objectives. Use of antiseptics as an adjunct to a traditional mechanical tooth brushing method has limited their application for long duration because of their side effects such as staining and calculus formation. The objective of this in vitro study is to analyse the staining effects of antiseptic mouthwashes on dental enamel and compare it with those containing nanoparticles, dietary agents, and distilled water (control). Material and Methods. 105 intact premolars extracted for orthodontic reasons and without any caries or anatomical defects were selected for analysis. The samples were randomly divided into 7 different groups of fifteen teeth each for different solutions. A spectrophotometer was used to assess the colorimeter analysis of buccal dental enamel surface at R1 (baseline examination), R2 (24 hours after immersion in different solutions), and R3 (after brushing). Statistical analysis was done using the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test and Levene’s test (p<0.05), respectively. One-way ANOVA was used to compare the difference in color (∆E) between the readings, R1, R2, and R3. Results. The mouthwash containing titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles produced the greater enamel discoloration compared to that of chlorhexidine. Brushing had little effect on removal of stains induced by all mouthwashes except for dietary solutions (lemon with sodium bicarbonate and olive with laurel) and distilled water (control). Conclusion. The results from this study show that mouthwashes containing TiO2 nanoparticles and other antiseptic mouthwashes cause change in color of the teeth and lead to poor esthetic appearance when compared to dietary and control solutions. Thus, future in vivo studies have to be conducted to confirm these findings as in vitro studies may not provide a reliable simulation of the clinical situations.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Effect of Newly Formulated Toothpastes and a Mouthrinse on Specific Microorganisms: An In Vitro Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (02) ◽  
pp. 172-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yeliz Guven ◽  
Nilufer Ustun ◽  
Elif Bahar Tuna ◽  
Oya Aktoren
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Vitro Study

Abstract Objective The aim of this in vitro study was to assess the antimicrobial properties of newly formulated toothpastes (four toothpastes for adults and two toothpastes for kids/babies) and a mouthrinse. Materials and Methods Newly formulated six different toothpastes and one mouthrinse of a single brand and commercially available five toothpastes and three mouthrinse were investigated for their antimicrobial activity against two oral pathogens, Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans, by agar well diffusion assay. After incubation, the inhibition zone diameters were measured in millimeters and statistical analyses were performed. Results All experimental adult toothpastes exhibited good antimicrobial activity against S. mutans and C. albicans except the experimental toothpaste D. Experimental toothpaste B exhibited the highest antibacterial activity against C. albicans and S. mutans. Experimental toothpaste for kids showed the best antimicrobial activity against S. mutans when kids’ toothpastes were compared. None of the tested toothpastes for kids/babies showed antibacterial effects for C. albicans. Among the mouthrinse tested, Sensodyne mouthrinse showed the best results. Experimental mouthrinse showed significantly lower antibacterial activity against S. mutans then Sensodyne, Eludril, and chlorhexidine mouthrinse. Conclusion Although experimental toothpaste and mouthrinse formulations revealed good results in terms of antimicrobial activity to some specific microorganisms, further studies involving more bacterial species or analyzing the quality and efficacy of these products by other in vitro or in vivo tests are needed.

Effects of TSH and calcitriol on bone metabolism: in vivo and in vitro study

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivo Dumic-Cule ◽  
Dunja Rogic ◽  
Damir Jezek ◽  
Lovorka Grgurevic ◽  
Slobodan Vukicevic
Keyword(s):  
Bone Metabolism ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Vitro Study
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